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good forms and orders corrupt into a number of petty observances. There is a Superstition in avoiding Superstition, when men think to do best, if they go furthest from the Superstition formerly received. Therefore care should be had, that (as it fareth in ill purgings) the good be not taken away with the bad; which commonly is done, when the people is the reformer.

Of Travel.

TRAVEL, in the younger sort, is a part of education; in the elder, a part of experience. He that travelleth into a country before he hath some entrance into the language, goeth to school, and not to travel. That young men travel under some tutor, or grave servant, I allow well; so that he be such a one that hath the language, and hath been in the country before; whereby he may be able to tell them, what things are worthy to be seen in the country where they go, what acquaintances they are to seek, what exercises or discipline the place yieldeth. For else young men shall go hooded, and look abroad little. It is a strange thing, that in sea voyages, where there is nothing to be seen but sky and sea, men should make diaries; but in landtravel, wherein so much is to be observed, for the most part they omit it: as if chance were fitter to

Let diaries there

be registered than observation. fore be brought in use. The things to be seen and observed, are the courts of princes, especially when they give audience to ambassadors: the courts of justice, while they sit and hear causes; and so of consistories ecclesiastic: the churches and monasteries, with the monuments which are therein extant: the walls and fortifications of cities and towns; and so the havens and harbours: antiquities and ruins libraries, colleges, disputations and lectures, where any are: shipping and navies: houses and gardens of state and pleasure near great cities: armouries, arsenals, magazines, exchanges, burses, warehouses: exercises of horsemanship, fencing, training of soldiers, and the like: comedies, such whereunto the better sort of persons do resort. Treasuries of jewels and robes: cabinets and rarities. And to conclude, whatsoever is memorable in the places where they go. After all which the tutors or servants ought to make diligent inquiry. As for triumphs, masks, feasts, weddings, funerals, capital executions, and such shows; men need not be put in mind of them: yet are they not to be neglected. If you will have a young man to put his Travel into a little room, and in short time to gather much, this you must do. First, as was said, he must have some entrance into the language before he

goeth. Then he must have ́such a servant or tutor as knoweth the country, as was likewise said. Let him carry with him also some card or book, describing the country where he travelleth; which will be a good key to his inquiry. Let him also keep a diary. Let him not stay long in one city or town, more or less, as the place deserveth, but not long: nay, when he stayeth in one city or town, let him change his lodging from one end and part of the town to another, which is a great adamant of acquaintance. Let him sequester himself from the company of his countrymen, and diet in such places where there is good company of the nation where he travelleth. Let him, upon his removes from one place to another, procure recommendation to some person of quality, residing in the place whither he removeth, that he may use his favour in those things he desireth to see or know. Thus he may abridge his Travels with much profit. As for the acquaintance which is to be sought in Travel, that which is most of all profitable, is acquaintance with the secretaries and employed men of ambassadors; for so in travelling in one country, he shall suck the experience of many. Let him also see and visit eminent persons, in all kinds; which are of great name abroad; that he may be able to tell how the life agreeth with the fame. For quarrels, they are with care and dis

cretion to be avoided: they are commonly for mistresses, healths, place, and words. And let a man beware how he keepeth company with choleric and quarrelsome persons, for they will engage him into their own quarrels. When a Traveller returneth home, let him not leave the countries where he hath travelled, altogether behind him, but maintain a correspondence by letters with those of his acquaintance which are of most worth. And let his Travel appear rather in his discourse, than in his apparel or gesture; and in his discourse let him be rather advised in his answers, than forward to tell stories: and let it appear, that he doth not change his country manners for those of foreign parts; but only prick in some flowers of that he hath learned abroad, into the customs of his own country.

Of Empire.

It is a miserable state of mind, to have few things to desire, and many things to fear; and yet that commonly is the case of Kings; who, being at the highest, want matter of desire, which makes their minds more languishing, and have many representations of perils and shadows, which make their minds the less clear; and this is one reason also of that effect which the Scripture speaketh of, "That the king's heart is inscrutable.", For,

multitude of jealousies, and lack of some predominant desire that should marshal and put in order

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all the rest, maketh any man's heart hard to find or - sound. Hence it comes likewise, that princes many times make themselves desire, and set their hearts upon toys: sometimes upon a building, sometimes upon erecting of an order, sometimes upon the advancing of a person, sometimes upon obtaining excellency in some art or feat of the hand; as Nero for playing on the harp, Domitian for certainty of the hand with the arrow, Commodus for playing at fence, Cara. calla for driving chariots, and the like. This seemeth incredible unto those that know not the principle, "That the mind of man is more cheered and refreshed by profiting in small things, than by standing at a stay in great." We see also that the kings that have been fortunate conquerors in their first years, it being not possible for them to go forward infinitely, but that they must have some check or arrest in their fortunes, turn in their latter years to be superstitious and melancholy as did Alexander the Great; Dioclesian; and, in our memory, Charles the Fifth, and others: for he that is used to go forward, and findeth a stop, falleth out of his own favour, and is not the thing he was.

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To speak now of the true temper of Empire; it is a thing rare, and hard to keep; for both temper and distemper consist of contraries. But it is one thing to mingle contraries, another to interchange

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