restrictions of that period, was long and severely felt. In 1811, before it had recovered from these losses, it was visited with an extensive conflagration. Its central and most compact and valuable portion, covering an area of 16 acres, was laid in ashes. In addition to these disasters, the war of 1812 greatly checked its progress. But of late years it has been rapidly recovering its former prosperity. In 1836, the manufacture of cotton goods, by steam power, was introduced here; and this manufacture is an important branch of busi

ness.

The celebrated preacher, Rev. George Whitfield, died in Newburyport, at a house standing in School street. The first Presbyterian Church in which he preached stands near the house in which he died. It was his desire, that if he should die. in this country, his remains should be buried under Mr. Parson's pulpit, in which he preached. His wish was followed and his remains, with those of Parson's and another minister, one on each side, are still to be seen. An elegant monument of Egyptian and Italian marble, stands within the church at one corner; the gift of an eminent merchant of this place; it has the following inscription:

WHITFIELD'S MONUMENT.

THIS CENOTAPH is erected, with affectionate veneration, to the memory of the Rev. GEORGE WHITFIELD, born at Gloucester, England, Dec. 16, 1714. Educated at Oxford University; ordained 1736. In a ministry of 34 years, he crossed the Atlantic 13 times, and preached more than 18,000 sermons. As a soldier of the cross, humble, devout, ardent: he put on the whole armor of God; preferring the honor of Christ to his own interest, repose, reputation, and life. As a Christian orator, his deep piety, disinterested zeal, and vivid imagination, gave unexampled energy to his look, utterance, and action. Bold, fervent, pungent, and popular in his eloquence, no other uninspired man ever preached to so large assemblies, or enforced the simple truths of the gospel, by motives so persuasive and awful, and with an influence so powerful on the hearts of his hearers. He died of asthma, September 30, 1770, suddenly exchanging his life of unparalleled labors for his eternal rest.

Marblehead, four miles from Salem, and 16 from Boston, is an exceedingly rocky and irregularly built place, containing upward of 6,000 inhabitants. It has a good harbor, protected, at the entrance, by Fort Sewall. From its first settlement to the present time, Marblehead has been noted for its fisheries. At the commencement of the revolutionary war it had become the second place in the colony. Since the calamity of the loss of life and property, by the storm of September 19, 1846, the fishing business has somewhat depreciated. Many of the inhabitants have recently turned their attention to the manufacture of shoes and boots. A steam cotton factory was erected

here in 1845. In the revolution, this town furnished an entire regiment of its own inhabitants, completely officered and manned.

Lynn, one of the most flourishing towns in New England, is nine miles N. N. E. of Boston, and five S. from Salem. Population about 15,000. It has 16 churches, and a large number of literary, social, and charitable societies. Lynn was incorporated a city in 1849. It received its name from that of Lynn Regis, a town in England; its Indian name was Saugus. It has risen to wealth and importance by the enterprise and industry of its people, in the manufacture of shoes, particularly for which, more than any other town in the country, it is celebrated. The manufacture of ladies' shoes was commenced here before the revolution.

From the southern side of the town a peninsula extends four miles into the ocean, at the extremity of which is Nahant. On the northeast side is a beach of great length and smoothness, and so hard that a horse's footsteps are scarcely visible. It is 10 miles from Boston by water, and one of the oldest and most celebrated watering places in New England, and to which many of the citizens of Boston, having provided themselves with pleasant cottages, resort, with their families, in the summer months. The ocean scenery here is exceedingly beautiful in fair weather, and truly sublime in a storm.

Andover is four miles S. from Lawrence, 16 N. W. from Salem, and 20 N. from Boston. It is one of the pleasantest towns in the state, has several handsome churches, and a population of about 7,000. The town is distinguished for its literary advantages. Here is situated the widely known Andover Theological Seminary, the oldest and most important in New England, having been established in 1807, since which more than 1,000 young men have been prepared for the ministry. Phillip's Academy, and the Abbott Female Academy, are also in this town. These institutions are in a flourishing state, with more than 500 students. In 1855, the Punchard Free School was erected. and named from B. F. Punchard, who bequeathed $60,000 for the purpose of furnishing superior educational privileges to the youth and children of the place, free of charge. A large printing establishment is situated nearly opposite the Theological Institution where many standard works have been published. The Bibliotheca Sacra, a quarterly of merit, is published at this office. Andover is a favorite residence for persons of wealth, whose business in Boston and Lawrence, requires their supervision, and who wish its educational advantages for their children.

Lawrence, 26 miles from Boston, is situated on both sides of the Merrimac River. It was projected by the Essex Company, in 1844, and incorporated a town in 1847, and city in 1853. It contains 12 churches and about 18,000 inhabitants. The Essex Company, by the construction of a dam, have given an effective head and fall of 28 feet, for the whole Merrimac River, creating a water power equal to that of Lowell about 10 miles above on the same river. It has several large mills for the manufacture of cotton, woolens, machinery, etc.

The town received its name in honor of the Lawrence family, the well known merchants of Boston, to whose intelligence and enterprise the progress of Massachusetts, in manufactures, has been greatly indebted. A common of 18 acres, in the center of the place, has been

The view shows most of the principal mills in Lawrence, as seen from the Boston and Maine Railroad, near the bridge over the Merrimac. The Pacific Co. Mills are those on the left; the next to the right the Atlantic. Those of the Bay State are seen on the right, near which are the Duck Mills. The boarding houses of the companies, which are fine structures of brick, are situated immediately back of the range of mills.

presented to it by the Essex Company. A donation of four acres of land, in the center of the town, was made by Hon. Daniel A. White, the proceeds to be applied to the maintenance of a course of public lectures, and also of a public library for the use of the citizens.

One of the most heart-rending events which ever occurred in our country, happened in this town at 5 P. M., Jan. 10, 1860-the fall of the Pemberton Mill: 960 operatives were employed; most of whom were young females-of these nearly one third were either killed or wounded. The number, either crushed to death; mortally wounded, or consumed by fire, which shortly after broke out while they lay inextricably fastened among the ruins, amounted to about 200. The cause of this terrible calamity was the giving away of the iron pillars which supported the floors, combined with the general want of strength in the building to hold the immense weight of machinery contained with

in it.

Lowell is situated on the Merrimac, at the point where it receives* the Concord River, 26 miles N. W. from Boston. The rapid growth of this city, the variety and richness of its manufactures, and the peculiar character of its population, have rendered it an object of interest and inquiry throughout the world. In these respects it stands unrivaled in this country, and is well entitled to the appellation of the "Manchester of America." The population in 1830, was 6,477; in 1840, 20,796; in 1850, 33,385; and in 1860, 36,848.

The first effort to promote manufactures in this place, was in 1813. In consequence of the war with Great Britain, and the restrictions on commerce, the attention of many enterprising men was directed to domestic manufactures. Capt. Phineas Whiting, and Capt. Josiah

The annexed engraving shows the central part of Lowell, as it appears from the high grounds on the eastern bank of the Merrimac, over which is seen the central bridge. The month of Concord River is on the left. The Middlesex Woolen Factory appears on the extreme loft; the Prescott Mills next northward. The Massachusetts Mills extend from this point to the bridge. The next westward are the Boott and the Merrimac Mills. The Lawrence Mills are still farther westward, but not embraced in the view.

Fletcher, having selected an eligible site on Concord River, at the Wamesit Falls, erected a large wooden building for a cotton factory, at an expense of about $3,000. About the year 1820, Messrs. Patrick T. Jackson, Nathan Appleton, and Kirk Boott, of Boston, formed a company for the purpose of manufacturing cotton goods, particularly calicoes. The lands about the hills in the Merrimac were purchased, and the company soon went into successful operation.

The whole number of mills belonging to the 12 companies, including the shops, smithy and foundry of the machine shops, is upward of 50. The number of males employed, between 4 and 5,000; the number of females about 9,000. The water power used, between 9,000 and 10,000 horse power. The manufacture of lumber, which is floated down the river, is a very important business in Lowell. There are more than 20 churches, and liberal provision is made for public schools. The Mechanics' Hall was erected by an association of mechanics as early as 1825, and furnished with a library, philosophical apparatus, etc. Perhaps nothing has done more to encourage industry, frugality, and thrift among the operatives, than the establishment of savings banks, of which there are three in the city. The operatives in the mills are the principal depositors in these institu

tions.

"The population, although largely composed of young persons removed from the counsels and restraints of the paternal roof, is superior to that of most cities for general intelligence and correct deportment."

"The city of Lowell is now a part of the land granted for a town, called Wamesit, by the general court to the Pawtucket Indians, once the most powerful tribe in all of this region. The historian Gookin states that "the tribe was almost wholly destroyed by the sickness in 1612 and '13; and at this day (1674) there are not above two hundred and fifty men, beside women and children. What that disease was, that so generally and mortally swept away these and other Indians in New England, I can not learn. Doubtless it was some pestilential disease. I have discoursed with some Indians, that were then youths, who say 'that their bodies were exceeding yellow before, and after they died,' describing it by a yellow garment they showed me."

Haverhill is an ancient and flourishing manufacturing town on the N. side of Merrimac River, at the head of navigation, 12 miles W. from Newburyport, and 30 N. from Boston. Population about 6,000. The location of the village, on the south side of a gentle declivity which rises from the river, is uncommonly beautiful. It was a frontier town nearly seventy years, and suffered much from the incursions of the Indians. In 1697, nine houses were burnt, and 27 persons killed. A number were captured, among whom was Mrs. Hannah Dustin, who became distinguished for the manner in which she killed ten Indians, and then escaped. In August, 1708, a party of French and Indians fell upon Haverhill, killed and captured about forty of the inhabitants. Mr. Rolfe the minister was killed. Below are the details of the first event:

"On the 15th of March, 1697, a body of Indians made a descent on the westerly part of the town, and approached the house of Mr. Thomas Dustin. They came, as they were wont, arrayed with all the terrors of a savage war dress, with their muskets charged for the contest, their tomahawks drawn for the slaughter, and their scalping knives unsheathed and glittering in the sunbeams. Mr. Dustin at this time was engaged abroad in his daily labor. When the terrific shouts of the bloodhounds first fell on his ear, he seized his gun, mounted his horse, and hastened to his house, with the hope of escorting to a place of safety his family, which consisted of his wife, whom he tenderly and passionately loved, and who had been confined only seven days in childbed, her nurse, Mrs. Mary Neff, and eight young children. Immediately upon his arrival, he rushed into his house, and found it a scene of confusion-the women trembling for their safety, and the children weeping and calling on their mother for protection. He instantly ordered seven of his children to fly in an opposite direction from that in which the danger was approaching, and went himself to assist his wife. But he was too late-before she could arise from her bed, the enemy were upon them.

Mr. Dustin, seeing there was no hope of saving his wife from the clutches of the foe, flew from the house, mounted his horse, and rode full speed after his flying children. The agonized father supposed it impossible to save them all, and he determined to snatch from death the child which shared the most of his affections. He soon came up with the infant brood; he heard their glad voices and saw the cheerful looks that overspread their countenances, for they felt themselves safe while under his protection. He looked for the child of his love-where was it? He scanned the little group from the oldest to the youngest, but he could not find it. They all fondly loved him-they called him by the endearing title of father, were flesh of his flesh, and stretched out their little arms toward him for protection. He gazed upon them, and faltered in his resolution, for there was none whom he could leave behind; and, indeed, what parent could, in such a situation select the child which shared the most of his affections? He could not do it, and therefore resolved to defend them from the murderers, or die at their side.

A small party of the Indians pursued Mr. Dustin as he fled from the house, and soon overtook him and his flying children. They did not, however, approach very near, for they saw his determination, and feared the vengeance of a father, but skulked behind the