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the west to what is now Jefferson-street, on the east to what is now Lincolnstreet, and on the south to what is now South Broad-street, and contained six squares and twelve streets beside the bay."*

The site of Savannah "is a sandy terrace, some forty feet above low water mark. It is regularly built, with streets so wide and so unpaved, so densely shaded with trees, and so full of little parks, that but for the extent and elegance of its public edifices it might seem to be an overgrown village, or a score of villages rolled into one. There are no less than twenty-four little green squares scattered through the city, and most of the streets are lined with the fragrant flowering China tree, or the Pride of India, while some of them, as Broad and Bay-streets, have each four grand rows of trees, there being a double carriage-way, with broad walks on the outsides, and a promenade between them."

The engraving annexed embraces the whole length of Bull-street, showing the two monuments, which are about three-fourths of a mile apart. The view is taken looking southward from the Exchange, a public building in Bay-street, situated on the verge of the elevated bank of Savannah River. Most of the public edifices are on or near the four or five squares embraced in the view. On the left is seen part of the Custom-house, the lower story being the Post-office; on the right is the Pulaski House, beyond which rises the spire of the Independent Presbyterian Church, one of the most splendid buildings

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in the city. It was erected of light colored granite, at a cost of nearly $120,000. In the central part of the view is seen the monument in Johnson

Hist. account of Savannah in the "Southern and Western Journal of Progress."

square, erected in memory of Gen. Greene, the corner-stone of which was laid by Lafayette during his visit to this country in 1825. The Pulaski monument is just discernible, at a distance of three-fourths of a mile, at the southern limit of the city.

The city has 14 Protestant and 1 or 2 Catholic churches, 1 Hebrew synagogue, 5 banks, the Georgia Historical Society, several reading-rooms, and a public library of about 6,000 volumes. Five daily newspapers are published. The private schools are numerous, and liberal provision is made for the eduIcation of the poor. There are also numerous charitable institutions. The hall of the Georgia Historical Society is a beautiful building, and well adapted for the purposes for which it is intended. The society is in its infancy, but it has published two volumes of interesting collections, and has a valuable collection of manuscripts and rare books. Among the relics collected is a drum used at the battles of Eutaw, Saratoga and Cowpens; Gen. Greene's medal; a sword taken from the side of a slain Tory officer at the battle of King's Mountain, made from a saw plate; a piece from the keel of the ship Endeavor, etc.

The annexed engraving is a representation of a house in South Broad-street, said to be the oldest brick dwelling-house in Savannah. Governor Martin, about three weeks after the evacuation of Savannah by the British, in 1782, called a special meeting of the legislature, which assembled in this house. The session was short, but marked by decision and energy. On the first Monday in January, 1783, the constitutional session commenced at the same place. "Every branch of the new government was speedily organized, and the free and independent state of Georgia began its career."

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ANCIENT HOUSE IN SAVANNAH.

The first attack on Savannah by the British during the revolution was in March, 1776. It ended in the defeat of the regulars under Majors Maitland and Grant. On the 29th of December, 1778, Savannah was taken by the British. The following account of this event is from Holmes' Annals:

Lieutenant-Colonel Campbell, an officer of courage and ability, embarked on the 27th of November from New York for Savannah, with about 2,000 men, under the convoy of some ships-of-war, commanded by Commodore Hyde Parker, and in about three weeks landed near the mouth of Savannah River. From the landing place a narrow causeway of 600 yards in length, with a ditch on each side, led through a swamp. At this causeway a small party was posted under Capt. Smith, to impede the passage of the British, but it was almost instantly dispersed. General Howe, the American officer to whom the defense of Georgia was committed, had taken his station on the main road, and posted his little army, consisting of about 600 continentals and a few hundred militia, between the landing place and the town of Savannah, with the river on his left and a morass in front. While Colonel Campbell was making arrangements to dislodge his adversaries, he received intelligence

from a negro of a private path, on the right of the Americans, through which his troops might march unobserved; and Sir James Baird, with the light infantry, was directed to avail himself of this path, in order to turn their right wing and attack their rear. As soon as it was judged that he had cleared his passage, the British in front of the Americans were directed to advance and engage. General Howe, finding himself attacked both in rear and in front, ordered an immediate retreat. The British pursued, and their victory was entire. Upward of 100 of the Americans were killed, and 38 officers, 415 privates, the town and fort of Savannah, 48 pieces of cannon, 23 mortars, the fort with its ammunition and stores, the shipping in the river, and a large quantity of provisions, were in a few hours in possession of the conquerors. The whole loss of the British, during the day, amounted to no more than 7 killed and 19 wounded. That part of the American army which escaped retreated up the Savannah River to Zubly's Ferry, and crossed over into South Carolina.

The monument erected in 1854 to the memory of Pulaski is situated

near the pine grove, on the southern border of the city. It is 55 feet in hight, of Italian marble, erected at an expense of $17,000. The remains of Pulaski, who was buried at Greenwich, on Augustine creek, five miles from Savannah, are deposited in a case, with various articles and documents, underneath the monument. The northern side has a representation of Pulaski falling from his horse when he had received his fatal wound. The monument itself is surmounted by a statue of liberty.

In the assault on Savannah, Gen. Pulaski was with the regular cavalry, and other mounted corps, but was unable to participate in the fight, being in reserve for a charge as soon as a breach could be effected in the enemy's works. His penetrating eye having discovered an opening through which he believed an entrance could be effected, and thereby gain the enemy's rear, he communicated this fact to Gen. Lincoln, with his plan of operation; that officer sanctioned the movement. At the head of his brave and dashing cavalry, he led off the charge, but "ere the point he gained" a fatal grape-shot pierced his groin, and in a moment he lay prostrate within a few yards of the enemy's battery. This spot is about one hundred rods from the present depot of the Central Railroad. The following account of the assault is from Holmes' Annals:

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NORTH VIEW OF PULASKI MONUMENT, SAVANNAH.

On the morning of the 4th of October, 1779, the batteries of the besiegers were opened with 9 mortars, 37 pieces of cannon from the land side, and 15 from the water. It being at length ascertained that considerable time would be necessary to reduce the garrison by regular approaches, it was determined to make an assault. In pursuance of this determination, on the 9th of October, while two feints

were made with the militia, a real attack was made on Spring Hill battery, just as daylight appeared, with two columns, consisting of 3,500 French troops, 600 continentals, and 350 of the inhabitants of Charleston. The principal of these columns, commanded by Count D'Estaing and General Lincoln, marched up boldly to the lines, but a heavy and well directed fire from the galleys threw the front of the column into confusion. The places of those who fell being instantly supplied by others, it still moved on until it reached a redoubt, where the contest became more fierce and desperate. Captain Tawse fell in defending the gate of his redoubt, with his sword plunged in the body of the third assailant whom he had slain with his own hand, and a French and an American standard were for an instant planted on the parapet, but the assailants, after sustaining the enemy's fire fifty-five minutes, were ordered to retreat. Of the French, 637,and of the continentals and militia, 241 were killed or wounded. Immediately after this unsuccessful assault, the militia almost universally went to their homes, and Count D'Estaing, reembarking his troops and artillery, left the continent.

The following inscriptions are from monuments in the ancient burial ground in Savannah, within the limits of the city:

Consecrated to the memory of DOCTP. NOBLE WIMBERLEY JONES, who died January 9th, 1805. He was born in England, came over with General Oglethorpe, in the year 1733, at the first settlement of this state. He served as cadet officer in Oglethorpe's regiment during the wars with the Spaniards and Indians. At that period acquired his professional education, afterward, under the immediate direction of his father, Dr. Noble Jones, the friend, companion and fellow laborer of Oglethorpe. He was among the earliest and most strenuous asserters of the Liberties of his adopted country, and filled not only the professional but the most important civil departments, with much honor to himself, and the highest benefit and satisfaction to the community. The warm Friend, the patient, judicious and successful Physician, the firm Patriot, the most affectionate Husband and Parent, and humble and sincere Christian. In the midst of usefulness and vigorous old age, he died, as he had lived, without fear and reproach. This monument has been erected by the filial gratitude of his surviving son, as a tribute to virtue.

SIR PATRICK HOUSTOUN, Baronet, President of His Majesty's Council of Georgia, died February, 1762, aged 64. Lady Houstoun, his widow, died 26th of February, 1775, aged 60.

This tablet records the death of MAJOR JOHN BERRIAN, who departed this life at Savannah, November 6, 1815, in the 56th year of his age. In early youth he drew his sword in defence of his country, and served with reputation in the war of the reyolution. He was an upright citizen, and exemplary in all the relations of social life. His disconsolate wife and afflicted children have erected this tribute to his memory, in humble hope that he rests in peace in the bosom of his Heavenly Father.

To the memory of APOLLOS G. HARRISON, teacher in the Savannah Academy, native of Princeton, New Jersey, who died 23d of April, 1815, aged 21 years. This stone is erected by his Female scholars: the testimony of their esteem; the token of their friendship; the merit of his worth.

Calm shall he slumber in this dark repose
'Till the last morn his orient beams disclose;
Then, when the great Arch-angel's potent sound,
Shall echo thro' Creation's ample round-
Wak'd from the sleep of Death, he will survey
The opening splendors of eternal day.

HENRY KOLLOCK, D. D., pastor, of the Independent Presbyterian church in the city of Savannah, a most learned and faithful expounder of the Gospel. For Virtue, Eloquence, Science and Letters, widely distinguished. Long conversant with men and things, he forgot nothing but injuries; and, leaving behind him a bright example of Christian charity, yielded up his spirit to the Lord, amid the tears of the whole city, on the 29th of December, 1819, aged 41 years. This memorial is erected by his grateful congregation.

Sacred to the memory of DENNIS L. COTTINEAU de Kerlougen, native of Nantes (France), formerly a lieutenant in his late most Christian majesty's Navy, Knight of the Royal and Military order of St. Louis, Capt. commanding a ship-of-war of the United States during their revolution, and a member of the Cincinnati Society. Obit. Novr. 8th, 1808, Æ. 63 years. And, also, of Achilles J. M. Cottineau de Kerlougen, his son, July 11th, 1812, Æ. 22 years.

Sacred to the memory of JOHN P. ARNAUD, who died on the 4th of Sept., 1834, in the 83d year of his age. He was a native of France, and one of those brave volunteers from that country who fought and bled to achieve and establish the Independence of the United States.

Sacred to the memory of Lucy C. SWARBRECK, who died in the 4th year of her age.
Rest, here, blest daughter, wait thy Master's will,

Then rise, unchanged, and be an angel still.

The following inscription is from a monument in the new burial ground near the south-western part of the city:

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Sacred to the memory of DR. LEVI MYERS, æt. 56, a skillful and humane physician, benevolent in his feelings to all mankind, firm in his friendship, affectionate as a parent and a husband, dutiful as a son, kind as a master. . . . And of his wife, Mrs. Frances Myers, æt. 44. . . . . And of their daughters, Elizabeth, æt. 22; Hesse, aged 20; Theodosia, æt. And of their son, Julian, æet. 13, were, with their domestics, swept away from their summer residence at North Inlet, in the destructive gale of the 27th September, 1822. The ashes of the mother repose here; the overwhelming ocean retain the rest. All their pure spirits dwell in the bosom of their God. Mysterious are the ways of Heaven! To bow submissively to its decrees is the duty of man.

"The vicinity of Savannah, though flat, is exceedingly picturesque along the many pleasant drives, and by the banks of the river and its tributary

brooks, leading everywhere through noble avenues of the live oaks, the bay, the magnolias, the orange, and a hundred other beautiful evergreen trees, shrubs and vines. The cemetery of Buonaventura, close by, is a wonderful place. It was originally a private estate, laid out in broad avenues, radiating from a central point in all directions. These avenues are now grand forest aisles, lined with live oaks of immense size, their dense leafage mingling overhead, and the huge lateral branches trailing upon the ground with their own and the superadded weight of the heavy festoons of the pendan Spanish moss. A beautiful, solem:: home for the dead are the shades of these green forest aisles. The endles cypress groves of the 'silent cities' by the Bosphorous are not more im pressive than the intricate web of these still forest walks."

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JASPER'S SPRING.

The spot of the rescue of the prisoners.

Jasper's Spring, the scene of a brave and famous exploit of the war time. lies near the Augusta road, two miles and a half from the city westward. The spring is a fountain of purest water, in the midst of a marshy spot, covered with rank shrubbery, at the edge of a forest of oak and pine trees. The interest of the place is in its association only. The exploit, as told by Weems, in his Life of Marion, was one of the most attractive of revolutionary incidents to the youth of a former generation, by whom Weems' half romance and half fact biographies were universally read. We copy here the story, as told by the enthusiastic biographer, from the narrative given him. by Horry:

In the spring of 1779, Marion and myself, says Horry, were sent with our commands to Purysburg, to reinforce General Lincoln, who was there on his way to attack the British in Savannah, which a few months before had fallen into their hands. As the Count D'Estaing, who was expected to co-operate in this affair, had

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