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was one of the early settlers. Mr. Camp was afterward killed by a shot from a store house door by one of Gen. Woolfolk's friends, who was subsequently tried and acquitted of the crime.

The following inscriptions are copied from monuments in the Columbus cemetery.

Erected as a tribute of love by his family to the memory of ELI S. SHORTER, who departed this life Dec. 13, 1836, in the 44th year of his age. The eminent distinction of Judge Shorter was founded on the happiest union of the social, kindly and intellectual qualities. Profound and distinguished as a jurist, ardent as a friend and kind as a citizen, his name will be long revered in the great circle of his acquaintance, and his memory be forever embalmed in the hearts of his bereaved family. When this corruptible shall put on incorruption, and this mortal put on immortality, then shall be brought to pass the saying that is written, death is swallowed up in victory.

"Reader! the name, profession and age of him whose body lies beneath are of little importance, but it may be of great importance to you to know that by the grace of God he was brought to look to the Lord Jesus, the only savior of sinners, and that this looking to Jesus gave peace to the soul. Reader! pray to God that you may be instructed in the gospel, and be assured that God will give his Holy Spirit, the only teacher of true wisdom, to them that ask him."-Dr. R. Sankey, 1844.

REV. THOMAS GOULDING, D. D. He was an able and faithful pastor, a skillful comforter of the sick and afflicted; eminently charitable, he was greatly beloved. After a long life of successful labor in the ministry, he departed this life in faith and hope, ardent for the crown of righteousness. In testimony of their affectionate regard to the memory of their venerated pastor, a grateful people have erected this monument, and the tablet in the Presbyterian Church. Born in Liberty Co., Geo., Mar. 14, 1786, ordained to the Gospel ministry Jan. 1, 1816, fell asleep in Jesus, June 21, 1848. From his pulpit, after having expounded the 63d psalm, he passed in one short hour to that rest that remaineth to the people of God. Him that overcometh will I make a pillar in the temple of my God, and he shall go no more out.-Rev. iii, 6.

Dahlonega is a thriving village, capital of Lumpkin county, 141 miles W. N. W. of Milledgeville. It is in the heart of the rich gold region of Georgia, and the Indian name is Tau-lau-ne-ca, which signifies yellow money. Several important mines are in the vicinity. The village contains a branch of the U. S. Mint, and about 1,500 inhabitants.

Social Circle is a thriving village on the Georgia Railroad, 120 miles west of Augusta.

The mountain region of Georgia is highly picturesque. In the north-eastern portion of the state are the beautiful falls of Toccoa and of Tallulah. Both of these are near Clarksville, in Habersham county. The Toccoa falls are 186 feet in perpendicular descent. The cataracts of Tallulah are in a deep gorge of the Blue Ridge, 1,000 feet in depth. "The wild grandeur of this mountain gorge, and the variety, number and magnificence of its cataracts give it rank with the most imposing water-fall scenery in the Union."

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TOCCOA FALLS.

In Georgia are numerous medicinal springs. The most prominent are Indian, in Butts county; Madison, in Madison county; Warm, in Merriweather county; Sulphur, in Hall county; Rowland, in Cass county; Red Sulphur, in Walker county; Thundering, in Upson county; Powder, in Cobb county.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, MISCELLANIES, ETC.

General James Edward Oglethorpe, who occupies so prominent a place in the history of Georgia, was the son of Sir Theophilus Oglethorpe, and was born in London, December 21, 1688. At the age of sixteen he was admitted a student of Corpus Christi college, but he did not finish his studies, military life having more charms for him than literary pursuits. The following inscription (the longest of which we have any knowledge), on a tablet of marble in the Cranham church, gives a sketch of his life:

Near this place lie the remains of JAMES EDWARD OGLETHORPE, Esq., who served under Prince Eugene, and, in 1714, was Captain Lieutenant in the first troop of the Queen's Guards. In 1740 he was appointed Colonel of a Regiment to be raised for Georgia. In 1745 he was appointed Major-General; in 1747, Lieutenant-General; and in 1760, General of His Majesty's forces. In his civil station, he was very early conspicuous. He was chosen Member of Parliament for Haslemere, in Surrey, in 1722, and continued to represent it until 1754. In the Committee of Parliament, for inquiring into the state of the jails, formed 25th of February, 1728, and of which he was Chairman, the active and persevering zeal of his benevolence found a truly suitable employment, by visiting, with his colleagues of that generous body, the dark and pestilential dungeons of the Prisons, which at that time dishonoured the metropolis; detecting the most enormous oppressions; obtaining exemplary punishment on those who had been guilty of such outrage against humanity and justice; and redressing multitudes from extreme misery to light and freedom. Of these, about 700, rendered, by long confinement for debt, strangers and helpless in the land of their birth, and desirous of seeking an asylum in the wilds of America, were by him conducted thither in 1732. He willingly encountered in their behalf a variety of fatigue and danger, and thus became the founder of the Colony of Georgia; a Colony which afterward set the noble example of prohibiting the importation of slaves. This new establishment he strenuously and successfully defended against a powerful attack of the Spaniards. In the year in which he quitted England to found this settlement, he nobly strove to secure our trae national defence by sea and land-a free navy-without impressing a constitutional militia. But his social affections were more enlarged than even the term Patriotism can express: he was the friend of the oppressed negro; no part of the globe was too remote, no interest too unconnected or too much opposed to his own, to prevent the immediate succour of suffering humanity. For such qualities he received, from the ever memorable John, Duke of Argyle, a full testimony, in the British Senate, to his military character, his natural generosity, his contempt of danger, and regard for the public. A similar encomium is perpetuated in a foreign language; and, by one of our most celebrated Poets, his remembrance is transmitted to posterity in lines justly expressive of the purity, the ardour, and the extent of his benevolence. He lived till the 1st of July, 1785; a venerable instance to what duration a life of temperance and virtuous labor is capable of being protracted. His widow, ELIZABETH, daughter of Sir Nathan Wright, of Cranham Hall, Bart., and only sister and heiress of Sir Samuel Wright, Bart., of the same place, surviving, with regret, but with due submission to Divine Providence, an affectionate husband, after an union of more than forty years, hath inscribed to his memory these faint traces of his excellent character.

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Tomochichi was the principal chief, or mico, or king, as the chiefs were called, of a small band of Creeks and Yamasees who had located themselves on the high land of Yamacraw, at or near where Savannah is now built. He was one of the chiefs who welcomed Oglethorpe on his first arrival. When Oglethorpe sailed for England, in May, 1734, he took with him Tomochichi and his wife, Scenawki, his nephew, and five or six chiefs of the Creek nation. On their arrival they were treated with much attention, and, being furnished with proper dresses, were introduced to his majesty George II. Tomochichi, after presenting the king with seve ral eagle's feathers, which were considered by his nation as the most respectful present they could send, delivered the following speech to his majesty:

"This day I see the majesty of your face, the greatness of your house, and the number of your people. I am come for the good of the whole nation of the Creeks, to renew the peace they had made long ago with the English. I am come over in my old days; and, though I can not live to see any advantage to myself, I am come for the good of all the nations of the upper and lower Creeks, that they may be instructed in the knowledge of the

English. These are the feathers of the eagle, the swiftest of birds, and who flieth all around our nations. These feathers, are a sign of peace in our land, and we have brought them over to leave with you, great king, as a sign of everlasting peace. O, great king! whatsoever words you shall say unto me, I will tell them faithfully to all the kings of the Creek nations."

Tomochichi died in 1739, at the age of ninety-seven, and was buried with military parade in the court-house square at Savannah.

George Walton, a signer of the declaration of independence, was born in Virginia in 1740. He was bred a mechanic: about 1761, he emigrated to Georgia,

Geo Walton

United States Senator.

and began the practice of law. In 1776, he was sent to congress; in 1779, was elected governor of Georgia; in 1780, was again sent to congress. He afterward governor the second time, also chief justice; and in 1798, He died in 1804.

was

Button Gwinnett, a signer of the declaration of independence, was born in England, came to Georgia in 1772, and settled on St. Catherine's Island. In the beginning of the revolutionary difficulties he was in doubt which course to take, but

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the arguments of Dr. Lyman Hall, with whom he was intimate, convinced him of the justice of the American cause. In February, 1776, the general assembly of Georgia elected him a delegate to the continental congress. In 1777 he was one of the members

of the convention which formed the constitution of Georgia, and, upon the death of Mr. Bullock, he became governor of the state. He also filled several other offices. Having an unfortunate controversy with General M'Intosh, he challenged him to single combat. The duel was fought near Savannah, with pistols, at a distance of twelve paces. Mr. Gwinnett was mortally wounded at the first fire, and perished at the age of forty-five. He left a wife and several children, but they did not long survive him.

Lyman Hall, a signer of the declaration of independence, was born in Connecticut, and educated at Yale college. He at first made theology his study and

Lyman Hall

profession, but afterward studied medicine. He removed to Dorchester, South Carolina, but finally came to Georgia and settled in St. John's parish, now the county of Liberty. The inhabitants of this parish sent Dr. Hall as their delegate to the continental congress, in which capacity he was admitted to a seat in that body. Afterward Georgia, by her general assembly, determined to join the other colonies. Dr. Hall, and Mr. Gwinnett, were sent as regular delegates When the enemy took possession of Georgia, he was compelled to remove his family to the north. In 1782 he returned, and next year was elected governor of Georgia. He afterward removed to the county of Burke, where he died in 1784, in the sixty-third year of his age.

Lachlin M'Intosh was born in Scotland, in 1721. His father was at the head of a branch of the clan M'Intosh, and came to Georgia with General Oglethorpe, in 1736, when Lachlin was nine years of age. His opportunities for education were limited, but his strong mind overcame many difficulties. He was of fine personal appearance, and, when young, was considered the handsomest man in Georgia. He was first appointed a colonel in the revolutionary army, and, afterward, a brig adier general. In consequence of military rivalry between him and Button Gwinnett, a duel ensued, which resulted in the death of the latter. General M'Intosh afterward commanded in the western department, and led an expedition against

the Indians. In 1779 he returned to Georgia, and was at the siege and fall of Savannah. He was with General Lincoln at Charleston, where he was made prisoner. He died in Savannah, in 1806.

John Forsyth, an eminent statesmen, was born in Virginia, in 1780, and when about four years of age removed with his father to Augusta. He was educated at Princeton. He represented Georgia in both houses of congress, was governor of the state from 1827 to 1829, was minister to Spain from 1819 to 1822, and was secretary of state under President Jackson, and, also, through all of Mr. Van Buren's administration. He died in 1841. He was a man of superior abilities, and of dignified and elegant manners.

William Harris Crawford, a distinguished statesman, was born in Virginia, in 1772. His father removed to Georgia when he was nine years old. He was educated for the bar, and, from 1807 to 1813, was in the United States senate, when he was appointed minister to France, and, in 1815, secretary of war. From 1817 to 1824 he was secretary of the treasury, in which latter year he was the candidate of the democratic party for the presidency of the United States, but was defeated. He died in 1834, leaving a high reputation for ability.

Duncan L. Clinch, a gallant officer of the United States army, entered the service as lieutenant from North Carolina, in 1808. In 1829 he was breveted a brigadier-general, for ten years faithful service. He took a most distinguished part in the Seminole war. At the battle of Withlacoochee, on the last day of the year 1835, he, with 225 soldiers, in one hour, drove 700 determined and ferocious savages from their fastnesses, chastising them severely. In this action he showed the most persevering bravery, and was personally in the hottest of the fight. Resigning his commission, he was, from 1843 to 1845, representative in congress from this state. He died at Macon in 1849.

John McPherson Berrian, an eminent statesman, was born in New Jersey, in 1781, and removed, when a child, to Georgia. From 1824 to 1829 he was in the United States senate, when he took a seat as attorney-general in the cabinet of President Jackson. He was again in the United States senate from 1840 to 1845, where he officiated most of the time as chairman of the judiciary committee. He was, also, in the senate from 1847 to 1852. He died in 1856, universally lamented. He was considered one of the best and most distinguished and high-minded statesmen in the country.

RICE.*

"Although nineteen twentieths of all the rice raised in the United States is grown within a district of narrow limits, on the sea-coast of the Carolinas and Georgia, the crop forms a not unimportant item among the total productions of the country. The crop of 1849 was supposed to be more than two hundred and fifteen million pounds, and the amount exported was equal, in value, to one third of all the wheat and flour, and to one sixth of all the vegetable food, of every kind, sent abroad. The exportation of 1851 was exceeded in value, according to the Patent Office Report, only by that of cotton, flour and tobacco. Rice is raised in limited quantity in all of the southern states, and might be in some of the northern. In Louisiana and the Mississippi valley, where the rice culture is at present very limited, there are millions of acres of now unproductive wilderness admirably adapted to its requirements, and here, 'it is a well known fact,' says a writer in De Bow's Review, 'that the rice plantations, both as regards whites and blacks, are more healthy than the sugar and cotton.' The only restriction, therefore, upon the production of rice to a thousand fold greater extent than at present is the cost of labor in the southern states.

Rice continues to be cultivated extensively on the coast of Georgia and the Carolinas, notwithstanding the high price of labor which slavery and the demand for cotton has occasioned, only because there are unusual facilities there for forming plantations, in which, while the soil is exceedingly rich and easily tilled, and the climate favorable, the ground may be covered at will with water, until nearly all other

*This article is abridged from one in Harper's Magazine by T. Addison Richards, and from Olmsted's Seaboard Slave States.

plants are killed, so as to save much of the labor which would otherwise be necessary in the cultivation of the crop; and may as readily be drained, when the requirements of the rice itself make it desirable.

A large part of all the country next the coast, fifty miles or more in width, in North and South Carolina and Georgia, is occupied by flat cypress swamps and reedy marshes. That which is not so is sandy, sterile, and overgrown with pines and only of any value for agriculture where, at depressions of the surface, vegetable mold has been collected by the flow of rain water. The nearer we approach the sea the more does water predominate, till at length land appears only in islands or capes; this is the so-called Sea Island region. Below all, however, there stretches along the whole coast a low and narrow sand bar-a kind of defensive outwork of the land, seldom inhabited except by lost Indians and runaway negroes, who subsist by hunting and fishing. There are upon it several government relief stations and light-houses, far less frequent, alas! than skeleton hulks of old ships, which, half buried-like victims of war-in the sand, give sad evidence of the fury of the sea, and of the firmness with which its onsets are received."

Rice is an aquatic plant, and in its general appearance is somewhat similar to wheat. Its culture and preparation for market are exceedingly interesting. It was at first cultivated, as it is at present in many kinds of the upland class, in spots of low ground, dependent for moisture only upon the chance rains of heaven. But at this day the legitimate soil and scene of its production is the rich loam of

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In September, when the waving harvest rises considerably above the water, it exhibits a curious and very rich aspect. The rice harvest commences early in September. The water having been drawn off the field the previous ebb-tide, the negroes reap the rice with sickles. The rice is neatly stacked in round thatched stacks. After the ordinary threshing and cleaning from chaff, the rice still remains covered with a close, rough husk, which

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