b. Nerve control of muscle. 3. Applications. a. The hygiene of exercise. G. Study of the heart and the circulation. 1. Laboratory work. a. Demonstration of the beef heart. b. Demonstration of the action of frog's heart. c. Demonstration of flow of blood in the tail of a tadpole (compound microscope). 2. Text-book. a. Structure and function of (a) pericardium, (b) auricles, (c) ventricles, b. Structure and function of (a) arteries, (b) veins, (c) capillaries. d. Changes in the composition of the blood in the pulmonary and 3. Applications. a. Treatment of cuts and bruises. b. Prevention and cure of "colds." c. Cause and cure of fainting. H. Study of respiration. 1. Laboratory work. a. Drawing of lungs, wind-pipe, and larynx of calf. b. Demonstration of action of lungs from model. 2. Text-book. a. Structure and function of (a) lungs, (b) diaphragm, (c) larynx. 3. Applications. a. Principles underlying ventilation. b. Relation of clothing to respiration. c. Hygienic habits of breathing. I. Study of excretion. 1. Laboratory work. a. Drawing of kidney of pig. 2. Text-book. a. Structure and function of (a) kidneys, (b) skin, (c) lungs (in review). b. General review of the processes of nutrition: (a) foods, (b) digestion, (c) absorption, (d) circulation, (e) assimilation, (f) oxidation, (g) excretion. 3. Applications. a. Care of skin. b. Treatment of burns. J. Study of nervous system. 1. Laboratory work. a. Drawings of brain and spinal cord of sheep: (a) outside view, (b) section. b. Experiments: (a) reflex action, (b) various sensations. 2. Text-book. a. Structure and function of (a) spinal cord, (b) brain, (c) nerves, (d) end organs. (Special senses omitted). 3. Applications. a. Hygienic habits of study. b. Effect of exercise and sleep on the nervous system. K. Supplementary work in physiology (topics studied so far as time allows). 1. Microscopic study of (a) bone, (b) muscle, (c) various kinds of epithelium, (d) nerve cells and fibres. 2. Study of yeast (a living cell). a. Experimental study of the effect on the growth of yeast of (a) heat and cold, (b) light and darkness, (c) various kinds of foods. b. Fermentation in bread and beer making. Preparation and properties of alcohol. c. Microscopic study of yeast. 3. Study of bacteria. a. Experiments in souring of milk, and in decay of animal matter. b. Culture of bacteria colonies. c. Sterilization and disinfection. d. Practical questions in bacteriology. Relation of bacteria to disease. e. Microscopic study of bacteria. 4. Comparative study of vertebrates. a. Dissection of the frog. b. Study of the skeleton and the teeth of vertebrates at the American Museum of Natural History. (See Fig. 3 and outline, page 930.) c. Study of movements and habits of the fish at the aquarium, and of the animals at the Zoological Gardens. VI. METHODS EMPLOYED. From the preceding outline it will be seen that the pupil begins the study of each topic with laboratory work, considering, when possible, the organs and tissues of his own body. In studying the mouth cavity, for example, he writes in his note book the answers to the following questions which are found in the Laboratory Manual* used by the classes. STUDY OF THE MOUTH CAVITY. Take a position with your back toward a strong light, and study your mouth cavity by means of a hand mirror. A. Walls of the mouth cavity. 1. Press the forefinger against the upper, lower, and side walls of the mouth; in which of these regions are the walls rigid (bone)? In which regions are they yielding (muscle)? 2. What differences do you note between the outer and inner coverings of the cheek? What are the characteristics of mucous membrane (inner covering)? * Published by Henry Holt & Co. |