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place in the King's mind since 1611, at which time he was so violent against the Dutch Arminianism, as to refute it with his own pen.

NOTE (46) REFERRED TO IN PAGE 39.

Introduction of the Thirty-nine Articles, at Oxford and Cambridge, under James I.

James called these articles his darlings. As early as 1613, the subscription to the three articles, in compliance with Royal letters, was prescribed at Cambridge, by a decision of the Senate, as necessary for a degree in the higher faculties. This was followed in June 1616, by an autograph letter from the King, in which, among many other matters, such as the dress, the seats in the chapels, the frequenting taverns, and similar most important regulations of the Royal pedant ;- it was recommended that the three articles should be subscribed by all degrees in all faculties. Although it is not expressly stated that these regulations were accepted by the Senate; yet the fact, that they proceeded upon this rule afterwards, proves that they became valid in the usual way. Similar demands on the part of the King were met by corresponding decisions at Oxford in 1617 (v. Wood). The Thirty-nine Articles were then already expressly mentioned, although in Cambridge, only a general mention is made of them in the third Article of 1604. Whether, at Oxford, the subscription was extended, from those who took their degrees to those who matriculated, before the acceptance of the Statutes of 1636, or not, I cannot tell however, it is scarcely probable that any one would have matriculated without having a degree in view. It is well known that the first of these articles contains a recognition of the King's supremacy in spiritual and ecclesiastical, as well as in temporal the second contains a recognition of the principles established in the book of Common Prayer, and of ordering of Bishops, Priests and Deacons, &c., and the third, a general recognition of the articles of faith of 1562.

affairs

NOTE (47) REferred to in Page 47.

Statutes, &c. relating to the Conduct of Students.

I refer my readers to Wood, where (for instance in the years 1606 and 1623) Statutes against all kinds of more or less serious misconduct are quoted, such as drinking, whoring, gaming, rioting, unseemly splendor of dress, &c. Some of the principal occasions of these disorderly doings appear to have been, either the yearly elections of the Proctors and other Academic Officers, (when it was the custom to give feasts and banquets as a kind of bribe,) or the festivities upon the conferring of degrees, and more particularly the scholastic exercises "pro gradu," when, especially at Shrovetide, a great state of excitement invariably prevailed among the academic youth. This was an old subject of complaint at all Universities, and more particularly at such a time, as the admission to degrees was granted by voting, and was, consequently, to a certain extent, a kind of election, which as such gave rise to manœuvres of every kind. Another complaint which was often brought forward, was against the excursions of the scholars into the neighborhood of the town, where a numerous population had squatted in temporary huts, who are represented by the Universityauthorities, as "a graceless rabble, which seduces the youth, and must be stubbed up, root and branch." The principles which prevailed respecting the academic discipline, may be easily gathered from what has been said above; of course the clearest account may be obtained from the Statutes themselves, on which c. xiv. treats "de vestitu et habitu scholastico," and c. xv. "de Moribus conformandis." The titles of some of the paragraphs run as follows [in Latin]: "On the reproof and punishment of those who introduce unusual dresses.-On the reverence of the juniors towards the seniors. On hindering lounging and lazy scholars from roving about the city. That scholars be not present at the assizes. - On not frequenting the houses of townsmen. - On not frequenting winehouses and taverns. - Against night-strolling. On prohibited games. - Against infamous books. — Against foul language. Against personal violences. Against wearing arms.

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- Against unlawful conventicles. On punishing the authors and originators of schism. On the opposers and violators of the public authority." Among prohibited games are mentioned, "Every kind of game in which money is concerned, such as dibs, dice, cards, cricketing in the private grounds or gardens of townspeople;" and then "every kind of game or exercise from which danger, injury, or inconvenience might arise to other people, such as the hunting of beasts with any sort of dogs, ferrets, nets or toils; also any use or carrying of muskets, crossbows or falcons :" "neither ropedancers, nor actors, nor shows of gladiators, are to be permitted without especial permission: "moreover, the scholars are not to play at football, nor with cudgels, either among themselves or with the townsfolk, a practice," it goes on to say, "from which the most perilous contentions have often arisen." The penalties are corporal punishment, ("if by reason of age it be becoming,") fines in money, loss of a greater or lesser period of time of study necessary for the degree, and finally expulsion, either partial [i. e. rustication] or entire. To this was added in the Colleges, impositions and the stocks, and also a stoppage of the daily rations (commons). The minimum of age was fourteen. None of this was new, but it was previously contained in the Cambridge Statutes.

NOTE (48) REFerred to in Page 62.

Test Books for the University Lectures.

It would be quite unnecessary for me to enter into all the details respecting the number of Lectures, the behaviour of the Scholars during their delivery, the punishments for not attending them, &c. I can only find room for an enumeration of the Authors prescribed for each of the Faculties, as a sort of standard of the scientific demands of the time.-(T. IV. sect. i. stat.) - 'Prælector Grammaticus legat lingua latina vel technice e Prisciano, Linacro aut alio probato autore, vel critice seu philologice, selectos, aliquos titulos, de antiquitatibus græcis vel romanis explicet.-P. Rhetorica

exponat Rhet. Aristotelis, Ciceronis, Quinctiliani aut Hermogenis; quos inter se sic conferat ut ex iis artis præcepta in unum corpus redigat.-P. Dialect. exponat aut Porphyrii Isagogen aut quamcumque Log. Aristot. partem. - P. Moral. Philos. Aristot. Ethica ad Nicomachum, Politica nec non Economica legat, textum exponendo et quæstiones prout e textu Arist. emergant discutiendo.— P. Geometria (no author mentioned.) - P. Astronomiæ et P. Musicæ, (the same thing.) — P. Natur. Philos. Aristotelis Physica aut Libros de Cœlo et Mundo, aut de Meteoris, aut ejus parva Naturalia aut Libros de anima, nec non de Generatione et Corruptione exponat. — P. Metaphysicæ Arist. Metaphys. legat, textum exponendo et quæstiones Metaphys. quæ apud antiquos et modernos exagitantur succincte ventilando.-P. Historia Lucium Florum aut alios quosvis antiquioris et melioris notæ historicos perlegat.— Prof. Linguæ Græcæ Homerum, Isocratem, Euripidem aut alium quemvis ex classicis autoribus explicabit.- Prof. L. Hebraicæ e Sacræ Scripturæ fontibus quæcunque ad illius linguæ proprietatem pertinent explicabit."-The number of Lectures for each Profesorship is fixed at two a week.-In comparing this with the Statutes of Edward no difference is found. The Cambridge Statutes of Elizabeth, however, give a much more prominent place to Mathematical Studies,* (s. 56,) and this fact also brings us back to the difference so often mentioned.

NOTE (49) REFerred to in page 63.

Statutory Regulations as to the Lectures, &c.

The Oxford Statutes of 1636, mostly differ from those of Cambridge of 1571 herein, that only two hours a week were set apart for the lectures, instead of four, and that no mention whatever is made of Canon-Law. The sum of these regulations amounts to the following:-"Let the Civilian Professor expound any part that he pleases of the body of Civil Law, and especially those chapters which are of service for use and practice in this realm.— [Does s. 56 mean statute 56, or does it refer to page 56?]

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