Steel and Timber Structures

anchor bolts arch area required assumed bars base bending bending moment bottom chord bracing bridge building calculated carried cent chord member column component compression members compressive stress connection construction corrugated steel cover plates crane dead load determined diagonal diameter distance erection face falsework fastened fiber stress Figure flange angles floor beam formula frame girt gusset plate holes horizontal I-beams inches joint joists knee-brace legs length live load lower chord masonry material maximum methods mill panel load pieces pitch placed planks punched purlin radius of gyration rail reaction rivets rods roof covering roof surface roof trusses sash shear sheathing shown in Fig shows side skylight slope snow load spacing span Specifications splice plate stack stringers structure supported Table tank tension thickness tie rods timber unit stress usually wall washer weight width wind load wood