Sabbath-breakers, and few amongst them Church

goers.

At Cambridge there was a small body of Evangelicals, headed by Dr. Milner, President of Queens' and Dean of Carlisle; Professor Jowett, Professor Farish, a Senior Wrangler, and Incumbent of Christ Church, Scholefield, and Simeon. Of all the Evangelicals Simeon stood first, and did the most enduring work. Charles Simeon (1758-1836) was born at Reading and educated at Eton, becoming a Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, Appointed in 1782 Vicar of Trinity Church, Cambridge, and in 1790 Vice-Provost of King's, he held those posts till his death (a position at Cambridge similar to that occupied by Mr. Newman at Oxford), by which he had the opportunity of communicating his doctrines to the rising generation of Clergymen. At first he met with much opposition; he was accused (not without reason) of affectation and vanity, as well as of want of learning; but his earnest, personal religion soon startled alike the old Church-andState High Churchmanship, and the decaying Low Church or Puritan party of the day; two or three evenings in the week he would hold meetings in

A warm admirer says of him, "Candid friends were compelled to admit that he was not altogether clear of the sin of coxcombry."-Stephen's Essays, ii. 368.

his rooms at King's, similar to those held by the Methodists at Oxford, for study and prayer; for fifty years he remained at Cambridge a zealous. preacher of his views, and he may be regarded as the founder of the modern Low Church party, who, after his name, were called "Simeonites." But Simeon was no Low Churchman in the latest and narrowest sense of the word; to him (to use his own words) the Church Prayers were "marrow and fatness;" and nothing could be plainer than his defence of the Baptismal Office, and his adherence to the Book of Common Prayer.

Simeon's life was singularly quiet and, to all outward appearances, uneventful, but in every part of the country he could point to Clergymen who had received from him a theological education, which could not at that time be otherwise obtained, who revered him as the guide of their youth and the counsellor of their maturer years.

In

In 1816 he set himself to purchasing the Livings of popular watering-places and large towns. that year he wrote to Dean Milner: "Cheltenham, where there are ten thousand souls, besides ten thousand visitors, or nearly so, is mine. It was to be sold for £3,000, and I instantly secured it. . . . Mary-le-bone, where there are one hundred thousand souls, is also to be sold. The price named is £40,000. I hope to get it much under, and if it be sold so low as £25,000, it is mine at this moment."

Simeon was never raised to the Episcopate, but he held in his day a diocese in the hearts of men compared with which many an episcopal mitre waned; and he descended to his grave with the tears and blessings of the poor, and esteem and attachment alike of the learned and less learned members of the University.

Amongst the Clergy of the time one name more -we feel we are standing on holy ground, and shrink from associating it with any party, for it is a name which men of all parties are unanimous in extolling-one of the best that ever adorned the annals of the Church Catholic, remains to be recorded.

Henry Martyn (1781–1812), “the Missionary," the younger son of a "Captain" or mine-agent, was born at Truro, and educated at Truro Grammar School, which, under the mastership of Dr. Carden, attained much celebrity from the success of its pupils. At the age of fourteen he tried for a Scholarship at Corpus College, Oxford, but being unsuccessful he returned to school, and in 1797 entered at St. John's College, Cambridge, where in the previous year his friend and school-fellow Kempthorne, a disciple of Simeon, had taken his degree as Senior Wrangler. Having but little knowledge of mathematics, he began his University career by learning Euclid by heart, but under the tuition of Kempthorne the powers of his mind were developed, and in 1801 he came out

as Senior Wrangler, and first Smith's Prizeman, becoming in the following year Fellow of his College 2.

Martyn had proposed to devote himself to the Bar, but about this time he became a disciple and (as he himself would have said) a convert of Simeon, whom he heard speak of the nobleness of missionary life, to which a fresh impulse had lately been given by the Evangelical party. His thoughts were at once filled with the importance of the subject, and in 1802 he offered himself for work to the Church Missionary Society, which had been lately founded. In October, 1803, he was ordained Deacon, and acted as Simeon's curate at Cambridge, still looking forward to undertaking work amongst the heathen. The scheme for going out under the Church Missionary Society having fallen through, he, by the advice of Mr. Simeon and Mr. Wilberforce, and the active aid of Mr. Grant, accepted, in 1805, a Chaplaincy in the East India Company's Service. Having preached his last sermon in Holy Trinity Church, he left Cambridge on the Monday in Holy Week, the congregation, to show their grief at his loss, agreeing to spend in fasting and prayer the day on which he was to sail, and a crowd of undergraduates attending him to the outskirts of the town. On July 5, 1805, he sailed for India.

In 1802 he obtained the Members' Prize for Latin Prose.

The horrors of that voyage cannot be exaggerated. He was mercilessly ridiculed by all the officers on board, and not only ridiculed but hated: he, so gentle himself and opposed to censuring others, was compelled, in consequence of the profligacy of those on board, to denounce during several weeks the judgment of God upon sin. They consented to hear him preach, but he must say nothing about Hell. The next sermon he preached to them was from the text, "The wicked shall be turned into Hell, and all the people that forget God." It caused a momentary triumph; but the mockery continued to the end.

Arrived in Calcutta, he was strongly urged to remain there, and to minister to the English, but he had made up his mind to preach to the heathen; so in October, 1806, he started for his station at Dinapore, where he remained till the end of April, 1809; when, though suffering great pain from illness, he was ordered to Cawnpore, a distance of four hundred miles. The last stage from Allahabad lay across sandy plains, where the wind blew "like fire from a furnace," and occupied two days and two nights of incessant travelling, the misery of the journey being increased by the failure of provisions. No wonder he arrived more dead than alive.

It was at Cawnpore that he first preached to the heathen. He had complained that hitherto the work of translating the services into the language of the