Sol-Gel Science: The Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel ProcessingSol-Gel Science: The Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing presents the physical and chemical principles of the sol-gel process. The book emphasizes the science behind sol-gel processing with a chapter devoted to applications. The first chapter introduces basic terminology, provides a brief historical sketch, and identifies some excellent texts for background reading. Chapters 2 and 3 discuss the mechanisms of hydrolysis and condensation for nonsilicate and silicate systems. Chapter 4 deals with stabilization and gelation of sols. Chapter 5 reviews theories of gelation and examines the predicted and observed changes in the properties of a sol in the vicinity of the gel point. Chapter 6 describes the changes in structure and properties that occur during aging of a gel in its pore liquor (or some other liquid). The discussion of drying is divided into two parts, with the theory concentrated in Chapter 7 and the phenomenology in Chapter 8. The structure of dried gels is explored in Chapter 9. Chapter 10 shows the possibility of using the gel as a substrate for chemical reactions or of modifying the bulk composition of the resulting ceramic by performing a surface reaction (such as nitridation) on the gel. Chapter 11 reviews the theory and practice of sintering, describing the mechanisms that govern densification of amorphous and crystalline materials, and showing the advantages of avoiding crystallization before sintering is complete. The properties of gel-derived and conventional ceramics are discussed in Chapter 12. The preparation of films is such an important aspect of sol-gel technology that the fundamentals of film formation are treated at length in Chapter 13. Films and other applications are briefly reviewed in Chapter 14. Materials scientists and researchers in the field of sol-gel processing will find the book invaluable. |
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29Si NMR acid acid-catalyzed adsorbed adsorption aggregation alkoxide amorphous aqueous base-catalyzed behavior Better Ceramics boehmite bonds C.J. Brinker capillary pressure Ceramics Through Chemistry Chapter Chem chemical clusters colloidal composition concentration condensation reactions coordination crystallization D.E. Clark D.R. Ulrich Mat D.R. Ulrich Wiley decreases dehydroxylation densification density diameter diffusion drying energy ethanol evaporation fibers film fractal dimension G.W. Scherer gel point gelation glass growth H₂O heating hydrogen bonding hydrolysis hydrolysis and condensation hydrolyzed hydroxyl increases indicates interface kinetics L.L. Hench ligands materials metal modulus molecules monomers Non-Cryst nucleophilic occurs oxide particles percolation Phys polymeric polymers porosity porous precursors prepared radius Raman refractive index sample shown in Fig shrinkage silanol silica gels silicon siloxane sintering SiO2 solid phase solution solvent species spectra stress structure surface area syneresis temperature TMOS viscosity xerogels Yoldas York