5

3]

BISHOP AEDAN.

219

P 22 28 MILITIBVS p 19 1 10 cum magna nobilium iuuentute.

29 ANTISTES for the subsequent labours of the missionary bishop see p 28 1 6. p 29 1 2. p 45 1 27. P 46 1 3 and 30 and 32. cf p 77 14.

P 231 I NEQVE ALIQVANTO TARDIVS 'and soon after', in the same year 635, for (p 77 1 1—4) 664 was the 30th year of the Scottish episcopate in England.

2 PONTIFICEM AEDANVM Aedan is called the son of Lugair and is connected in lineage with St Briged and other distinguished 10 saints (Tighernach 632). The British name for the island assigned to Aedan is Medgoet.

" 4 NON PLENE SECVNDVM SCIENTIAM p 501 18 to p 51 1 19 the praise of Aedan is qualified in like manner. Fuller 71 'whether those words of St Paul, spoken of his country-men the Jews, in reference 15 to their stumbling at Christ, the Saviour of mankind, be fitly appliable to

Aidan, onely differing in an outward ceremony, let others decide'. Of the British opponents of the Roman Easter Beda speaks much less charitably II 20 (p 101 1 31-33 S) 'even to this day it is the custom of the Britons to hold the faith and religion of the Angles in no account, and 20 no more to communicate with them in anything than with heathens'. The monks of Hii afterwards conformed, but (v 22 p 217 5—9 S) 'the Britons, who were unwilling to reveal to the Angles that knowledge of Christian faith which they possessed, when the nations of the Angles now believed and were in all points instructed in the rule of 25 catholic faith, themselves adhuc inueterati et claudicantes a semitis suis et capita sine corona praetendunt et sollemnia Christi sine ecclesiae Christi societate uenerantur'. ibid 23 (p 219 1 12—14) Brittones, quamuis et maxima ex parte domestico sibi odio gentem Anglorum et totius catholicae ecclesiae statum pascha minus recte moribusque improbis im 30 pugnent. Beda himself (III 28 p 82 1 7-11) witnesses that British bishops once took part in a Saxon consecration. cfp71117. non p 901 27. 5 DIEM PASCHAE DOMINICVM on the paschal controversy

see excursus II.

6 SAEPIVS MENTIONEM FECIMVS II 2 of the Britons who 35 met Augustine at 'Augustine's oak' (p 79 1 17--19 S) non enim paschae dominicum diem suo tempore, sed a quarta decima usque ad uicesimam lunam obseruabant: quae computatio octoginta quattuor annorum circulo continetur. Augustine (ibid p 80 1 18-24) to the Britons: though in many points you act contrary to our usage,

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nay to that of the universal church; yet if in these three points you are willing to obey me, to wit, the keeping Easter at its proper time; the administration of baptism according to the use of the Roman church; and association with us in preaching to the Angles the word of the Lord'; we will tolerate all other matters of difference. cf II 5 4 p 82 1 25-30 S. 11 19 p 100 1 8—13 and 15—18 and 29-33 and 36.

P 23 6 A QVARTA DECIMA LVNA VSQVE AD VICESIMAM they counted as Easter day the Sunday which fell, next after the vernal equinox (25 March), between the 14th and 20th (not, as it had come to be at Rome, the 15th and 21st) days inclusive of the moon. cf p 51 1 13. 10 p 8219.

LVNA=die lunae.

ANATOLII Beda chron AD 279 Anatolius natione Alexan drinus Laodiceae Syriae episcopus philosophorum disciplinis eruditus, plurimo sermone celebratur, cuius ingenii magnitudo de libro quem super 15 pascha composuit et de decem libris arithmeticae institutionis potest apertissime cognosci. Van der Hagen dissertationes de cyclis paschalibus Amst 1736 4to (anon) 115 seq has proved that the canon paschalis Anatolii Alexandrini Laodicensis episcopi, which cites Isidore, is a forgery, probably made in Britain in the 7th century (printed by Bucherius 20 de doctrina temporum 433; references to it by Beda and others 451). The authority of Anatolius is appealed to by Colman in the synod of Streanæshalch p 74 1 18.

13 HIBERNIAE Beda has a partiality for the Irish 111 27. IV 26. cf v 9. 12.

25 ADMONITIONEM II 19 Honorius and John iv wrote to the Scots respecting Easter.

14 15 PASCHA CANONICO RITV OBSERVARE DIDICERVNT P 77 19. V 16 AD 701 the chief part of the Scots in Ireland and some part also of the Britons in Britain at the instigation of Adamnan adopted 'the 30 reasonable and ecclesiastical' time of keeping Easter. V 21 AD 710 Ceolfrid, Beda's abbat at Jarrow, wins Naiton king of the Picts to the Roman usage; his arguments are given at length. v 22 Ecgberct (who had long lived in Ireland v 9) wins the monks of Iona and their dependent cloisters.

,, 16 LOCVM SEDIS EPISCOPALIS endowments p 53 1 11. c 23 pr. Lingard 1 219. Varin 221-238 minutely investigates the limits of the dioceses of Lindisfarne and Hexham.

For an account of Lindisfarne see also Raine's hist of north Durham.

35

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IONA.

221

Lindisfarne or Holy Island lies to NW of Farne. In the latter was the hermitage of St Aedan. On the saints buried in Lindisfarne whence it came to be called Holy Island see Sim Dunelm pp 68 69.

P 23 25 P 461 24. P 71 1 13. The sort of teaching here described 5 is somewhat of the same kind as that described Nehem viii 8 where the law was first read in Hebrew and the sense given in the Chaldee with which the people had become familiar in Babylon.

26 TAM LONGO EXILII SVI TEMPORE during the whole reign of Edwin (p 1919) ie the 17 years before 633 (II 20).

27 LINGVAM SCOTTORVM p 701 14.

28 DE SCOTTORVM REGIONE VENIRE BRITTANIAM II P 41 146 S after the Britons and Picts, the Scots settled in Britain among the Picts, making their way by fair means or by force of arms.

32 CONSTRVEBANTVR ECCLESIAE of wood p 25 1 4 n. P 24 2 DONABANTVR Mvnere regio possessiones p 23 1 16 n. ", 5 REGVLARIS 'monastic', which explains nam 1 6.

6 MONACHI Girald Cambr topogr Hibern III 29 P 746 Camden as almost all the Irish prelates have been chosen from monasteries into the clergy, they carefully perform all functions of a 20 monk, but generally neglect whatever belongs to a prelate or clerk'. 8 HII Iona. V 9 (p 191 15 S) Columba was the first teacher of the Christian faith to the transmontane Picts, and the first founder of the monastery, which in the isle of Hii long remained venerable to the nations of the Scots and Picts. Ceollach bp of the Mercians (III 25 21 end) resigned his see and returned to Hii, ubi plurimorum caput et arcem Scotti habuere coenobiorum. For a full account of Hii see Skene's Vita Sancti Columbae, in the preface to which the saint is called monasteriorum pater et fundator and mention is, made II 47, as in the text, of the monasteria inter utrorumque populorum [ie Pictorum et Scotorum 30 Britanniac] terminos fundata.

IIII

́N the year A D 565 St Columba came from Ireland to preach to the Northern Picts in Britain. The Southern Picts had before this been converted to Christianity by St Nynias a British bishop. From 35 Bridius king of the Picts Columba received the island of Hii for the foundation of a monastery. He had previously founded a noble monastery at Dearmach in Ireland. The island of Hii is ruled by an abbat, and to his jurisdiction all the province and the bishops themselves are

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SAINT NINIAN.

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subject, for Columba was not a bishop but a presbyter and a monk, The successors of Columba were saintly men, but were in error on the matter of the keeping of Easter, in which error they continued till AD 715, at which date a holy priest from the nation of the Angles, Ecgberct by name, came to them and gave them knowledge of the true 5 and canonical day for keeping the paschal feast.

P 24 19 IVSTINVS MINOR emperor from A D 565 to 578.

"" 20 COLVMBA Son of Fedilmith. In the second year after the battle of Culedebrina (fought AD 561) and in the forty-second year of his age St Columba sailed from Scotia (Ireland) into Britain. See 10 Skene's life of Columba.

23 MONTIVM IVGIS monte Grampio, cuius iugum altissimum hodie Drum albin, dorsum Albionis, appellatur (Smith).

", 27 NYNIA EPISCOPO much information concerning this saint is to be found in the notes to bp Forbes' Life of St Ninian. That work 15 is a composition of the twelfth century ab Aelredo Rieuallense abbate de Anglico in Latinum translata. In vulgar Scotch St Ninian was called S Ringan. Bellenden speaks of him as Sanct Niniane the first bischop of Galloway quhair he biggit ane kirk in honour of Sanct Martene his eime (ie uncle).

28 ROMAE Patrick also, whom Beda mentions only in his martyrology, was educated in Rome. About AD 424 pope Celestine is said (Prosper chron 1 5 Labbe) to have sent Palladius as a missionary to the Scots.

20

P 25 I 2 VBI IPSE REQVIESCIT burial in churches III 23 Cedd, 25 IV 4 Ceadda (both after translation): kings and archbps at Canterbury 133: bp Tobias V 23.

3 AD CANDIDAM CASAM glossary 'ad'. Whitherne in Galloway, of which Pecthelm († 735) was first English bp (v 23). A miracle at Nynia's tomb Paschas Radb in Martene ampliss coll 1x 436 437. A 30 letter of Alcuin's (n 271 Jaffé pp 838 839) to the brethren of the church of Candida Casa begging them to pray for him in the church of the holy bp Nynia, a poem on whose miracles had been sent to Alcuin by his York pupils; he sends a silk vestment for the saint's body, and begs the brethren to intercede for him with the saint. Haddan-Stubbs 1 14 15. 35 4 DE LAPIDE INSOLITO BRETTONIBVS MORE a church of St Martin (126), which had stood 200 years, was probably of stone, A temporary wooden church built at York (II 14) for Edwin's baptism (Easterday 12 Apr 627); afterwards a larger church of stone was begun

4]

STONE CHURCHES, SAINT COLUMBA.

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by Edwin and finished by Oswald. A stone church built at Lastingham III 23. Finan builds a cathedral at Lindisfarne: III 25 pr quam tamen more Scottorum non de lapide sed de robore secto totam composuit atque harundine texit. AD 710 Naiton king of the Picts asks Ceolfrid 5 to send him architects (v 21) qui iuxta morem Romanorum ecclesiam de lapide in gente ipsius facerent. AD 676 Benedict Biscop brought from Gaul masons (Beda h a 5) qui lapideam sibi ecclesiam iuxta Romanorum quem semper amabat morem facerent. E A Freeman Norman conquest v 899 900 has 'no doubt whatever that large parts of IO the two churches now standing are the genuine work of Benedict Biscop'. He specifies the porch on which the tower of Wearmouth is raised, and the choir of Jarrow. he1 12 (p 50 12 S) the Britons had no architect capable of building a great wall of stone. Wilfrid also was eminent as a builder Eddius 14 end. 16. 17. 22. Turner AS 1117 401. 15 Stevenson cites Reginald de mirac Cuthberti 68; O'Connor rerum Hibern scriptt II 86. G A Poole churches, their structure, arrangement and decoration 20 21.

20

P 25 5 VENIT BRITTANIAM COLVMBA 150 years before 715 A D (p 26 16) ie 565 A D. Colgan trias thaumaturg 465 seq.

COLVMBA The battle of Cooldrevny (Culedebrina) was fought in 561 A D and it is believed to have been in a great measure brought about by St Columba's instigation. Adamnan (III 4) states that a synod was assembled at Teltown in Meath to excommunicate him, and it seems likely that the censure expressed against him by the clergy was 25 the chief cause for his departure from Ireland. Yet all that Adamnan records of his motive is pro Christo peregrinari uolens enauigauit.

30

6 NONO ANNO Bridius died 584 A D and had then reigned 30 years so the ninth year of his reign is 563 A D. See note on King Brude Reeves' Life of St Columba, notes p 276.

8 IN POSSESSIONEM MONASTERII on endowments see p 23 1 16 n. p 24 1 2. IV 13 end. h a 4 where Benedict Biscop receives from Ecgfrid king of the Transhumbrian district terram septuaginta famili

arum.

Eddius 8.

12 CVM ESSET ANNORVM LXXVII 597 A D, 32 years after his 35 coming in 565 a d. This gives 520 A D as the date of his birth. Stevenson 'according to the better authority of Adamnan uita Columb III 22 23 and Cumian uita Columb III 5 Columba died AD 596'. See Ussher antiq (1687) 362 363.