348

RARE USE OF BATHS.

[IV

tals, abbies etc. go to the East or West Indies, kill a king, or run upon a sword point: they perform all, without any muttering or hesitation, believe all'. Lingard 1 211-213. Soames AS church 284 ---5. Maria of Agreda († 1658) authoress of the 'spiritual city of God', famous for her visions, by wearing a cilicium of rough wool covered 5 her body with sores (Zöckler Gesch d Askese Fra M 1863 p 87, where is more on hair shirts, such as Wolsey More lady Margaret wore, and iron belts, such as we find in Bonif ep p 60 end, Jaffé). So in the life of St Bridget prefixed to the "Myroure of oure Ladye" (EETS) p lii, ‘she never used any lynen cloth, though it were in time of sycknes, but 10 oonly upon hir hed, and next hir skyn she weer ever rough and sharpe wolen cloth.' For other examples of the expression to go woolward the reader may see Christ's own Complaint 1 502 (EETS vol 15) 'to faste and goo wolle warde', also the same words are found in Hampole's Prick of Conscience 1 3514. Palsgrave defines it Wolwarde without 15 any lynen next one's body. Sans chemyse.' The expression is found in Pierce the Ploughman's Crede 1 788, 'werchen and wolward gon', but the explanation of the last syllable is, I think, to be referred to the word wear, and not as Mr Skeat suggests, with the wool towards the skin, an explanation which would only suit with a clothing made of the 20 fleece as it came from the sheep's back. Ward is wered the part of werian= to wear, and woolward means "woolclad," just as in Beowulf 606 sweglwered means "clad in brightness." scirwered and ealdawered may be cited as other examples of this participle in composition. It has fared with woolward, when it became a solitary instance of this 25 compound, as it did with rightwise under similar circumstances. The love for uniform orthography made this latter word into righteous, and woolwered into woolward to conform to the shape of forward and such like words. The use of go is the same as in the expressions "to go bare, naked, cold &c." We can find no evidence that sheepskins with 30 wool on were ever worn in England or elsewhere for penance.

P 128 4 RARO IN CALIDIS BALNEIS a common penance (Judith 10 3. 2 Sam 12 20. 14 2. 19 24). Hier ep 14 ad Heliodor 10 scabra sine balneis attrahitur cutis? sed qui in Christo semel lotus est, non illi necesse est iterum lauare. ibid 107 ad Laetam 11 mihi omnino in 35 adulta uirgine lauacra displicent, quae se ipsam debet erubescere et nudam uidere non posse... si appetitis sordibus turpare festinat naturalem pulchritudinem, cur e contrario balnearum fomentis sopitos ignes suscitat? ibid 125 ad Rusticum 7 tu uero si monachus esse

19]

TREATMENT OF GUESTS.

349 uis non uideri,.... sordidae uestes candidae mentis indicia sint.... balnearum fomenta non quaerat, qui calorem corporis ieiuniorum cupit frigore extinguere. ibid 108 ad Eustochium 15 (in commendation of Paulla) balneas nisi periclitans non adiit. Zöckler 5 Gesch d Askese (Fr a M 1863 p 91) 'the utmost practicable restriction of the usus lauacrorum seu balneorum as of a luxury specially requisite only for the sick, is required also by the rules for nuns given by Augustine c 12, Caesarius c 29, Leander c 1'. Baronius 608 6 St Theodore blames those who bathe after receiving the communion. Cuthbert 10 only washed his feet once in several months, sometimes only once in the year uita Cuthb 18 § 32 he had so withdrawn his thoughts from concern for the body ut semel calceatus tibracis, quas pelliceas habere solebat, si: menses perduraret integros, aliquando etiam calceatus in pascha non nisi post annum, redeunte paschae tempore, propter 15 lauationem pedum, quae in cena domini fieri solet, se discalceare dicatur.

20

128 4 PRAETER=praeterquam or nisi.

5 SOLLEMNIIS MAIORIBVS ep ad Ecgb 9 even the more religious laity only communicate at Christmas, Epiphany, Easter.

78 LOTIS PRIVS CETERIS FAMVLIS CHRISTI Sharon Turner AS 1117 50. 103. uita Cuthb 7 Cuthbert finds in the guest chamber of Ripon monastery an angel quendam sedentem iuuenem, quem hominem aestimans solito mox humanitatis more suscepit. nam lauandis manibus aquam dedit, pedes ipse abluit, fouendos humiliter manibus suo 25 in sinu composuit. ibid 18 § 32 when he first became a solitary, when visited by the brethren, he left his cell and ministered to them. quorum dum pedes aqua calida deuotus lauaret, coactus est aliquoties ab eis etiam se discalceare suosque pedes illis ad ab luendum praebere. ibid 29 on a visitation of his diocese he came 30 to a count's mansion, who received him hospitably. lotis more hospitalitatis manibus ac pedibus. Aldhelm (in Bonif ep 1 p 28 Jaffé) complains of the inhospitality of the Britons: nec manibus lomentum aut latex cum manutergio exhibetur neque pedibus ad lauacrum peluis adponitur, cum saluator sindone praecinctus discipulorum pedes abluens normam nobis tradiderit imitandi dicens: sicut ego feci uobis, ita et uos facite aliis'. ibid ep 61 end p 180 Boniface sends to abp Ecgberct uillosam unam ad tergendos pedes, cum laueris, seruorum dei. ibid ep 80 p 223 (end) pope Zacharias to Boniface 4 Nov 754 nam et hoc inquisiuit fraternitas

35

350

WOODEN COFFINS.

[IV tua: si liceat sanctimoniales feminas, quemadmodum uiri, sibi inuicem pedes abluere tam in cena domini quamque in aliis diebus. hoc dominicum pracceptum est, quod qui per fidem impleuerit, habebit ex eo laudem. The monks of Fulda entreat Charles the Great (Migne CV 420° n 14) quod peregrinorum susceptio et lauatio in eis pedum 5 non neglegatur, sed secundum regulam et secundum priorum nostrorum consuetudinem, quandocumque uenerint, misericorditer suscipiantur et ab omnibus fratribus lauatio pedum eis exhibeatur, conc Tolet XVII 694 c 3 (Bruns I 386).

P 128 II MATVTINAE SYNAXEOS p 106 1 12 n. Greg dial III 22 10 (II 330d) facto autem mane expletisque laudibus dei.

14 MORITVRA she died AD 679 chron Sax. PRAEDIXERIT C 29 n.

17 POST ANNOS SEPTEM therefore she became abbess 672, and

took the veil at Coldingham (p 127 1 27-29) in 671.

19 IVXTA ORDINEM so of St Columba's burial (Adamn uit c 15 24) illis exequiarum diebus more peractis ecclesiastico, after which follows at some length an account of the order observed.

LIGNEO Stevenson 'this burial in a wooden coffin was a deviation from the usual custom, which gave the preference to stone [Beda c 11 end.] Mabillon AA SS O B 1 341 § 25. II 146 § 23. 567 § 12.' 20 21 SEXBVRG P 33 1 24 n. AA SS Iul II 346. monast Angl 1 88 (Stevenson). Pagi 664 12.

n.

TRANSFERRI on translations see Lingard 11 51. Rock church of our 25

FRATRIBVS on double monasteries see p 10614 n. p 1291 17.

26 IN HOC for this purpose, as a tomb for Aedilthryda.

27 ELGE this orthography compared with the present writing

of the word Ely affords an interesting instance of the softening of the g, 30 as it occurs in such words as go, gone, and the derived adverb yonder.

Pagi 660 12. 675 7.

30 GRANTACAESTIR Grantchester.

31 in the recent alterations of the church at Grantchester it was found that a great part of the stonework of the wall which was taken 35 down on the south side was composed of fragments of stone coffins of a very early date. This could only be discovered when the stones were dislodged but then it was very evident.

P 129 4 INCORRVPTVM p 29 1 27 n. p 35 l 12 n. p 132 113. Eddius

5

19]

SURGERY. JEWELLERY.

351

19. Lingard II 51. Greg dial III 13 (end) bp Herculanus had been beheaded, and a strip of skin stript from crown to sole of his body: yet no trace of a wound was found on his corpse.

P 129 6 PRAEFATVS p 127 1 12 and 28.

10 INCIDERE beyond blood-letting it is very rare to find any allusion to what may be called surgery in the records of the Anglo-Saxon times. The use of charms and magic prevailed strongly between 500 AD and 1000 AD. See Cockayne's Leechdoms vol 1 pref p XXIX.

17 PAPILIONE tent, pavilion. FRATRVM p 128 1 25 n.

24 DORMIENTIS SIMILE p 158 1 15 n. and so of Columba 15 (Adamn uit III c 24) 'facies non quasi mortui sed dormientis uideretur uiuentis.'

25 26 VVLNVS CVRATVM Greg dial 17 Nonnosus, when washing glass lamps, broke one; fearing his abbat's wrath, he laid the ‘innumer. able' fragments on the altar and prayed: on raising his head sanam 20 lampadem repperit. cf II 1 pr. 11 Benedict by prayer heals a boy crushed by a falling wall. III 13 (cited on 1 4). IV 27 col 4:6*.

P 130 2 3 SVPERVACVA MONILIORVM PONDERA Boniface in his letter 25 to Cuthbert abp of Canterbury (ep 70 p 209 Jaffé, written after May 748) superuacuam et deo odibilem uestimentorum superstitionem omni intentione prohibere stude. quia illa ornamenta uestium —ut illis uidetur, quod ab aliis turpitudo dicitur—...aduentum antichristi... praecurrunt...haec indumenta, nuditatem animae signifi. 30 cantia, signa in se ostendunt arrogantiae et superbiae et luxuriae et uanitatis. Baronius 665 11 a courtier is directed repeatedly by an apparition of St Eligius to charge queen Bathildis to lay aside her trinkets. He fears to do so and is struck down with fever. The queen learns the cause and makes a cross and shrine for the bones of Eligius; and the 35 rest of the produce of her jewels she gives in alms. Lingard 1 210-213.

7 INDVMENTORVM p 160 1 29. DAEMONIA P 391 31 n. p 132 1 16 17. Greg dial Iv 6 (end) ad extincta namque eorum corpora uiuentes aegri ueniunt et sanantur; periuri ueniunt et daemonio uexan

352

BEDA'S HYMN ON VIRGINITY.

[IV

tur; daemoniaci ueniunt et liberantur. Rufin h e XI 4 (end) cure of a demoniac girl by Egyptian saints.

P 130 9 LOCVLVM p 128 1 20. The bed of Domninus after his death healed diseases Pallad hist Laus 83.

,, 12 13 LAVERVNT CORPVS NOVIS INDVTVM VESTIBVS P 35 1 5 14. Greg dial II 17 pr quem ex more lotum, uestimentis indutum et sabano constrictum superueniente wespere sepelire nequiuerunt. IV I (end) cum... corpus eius ex more mortuorum ad lauandum esset nudatum. ibid 27 col 416. Baronius 632 6.

14 QVOD (cf 16 SARCOFAGVM) neuter also c 11 where is a 10 like miracle in fitting the body to the coffin. Lingard II 46 n 2.

,, 21 FAMILIARVM p 67 1 1 n. see further on the familia Kemble's Saxons in England bk 1 c 4.

23 ANGVILLARVM P 11711n. For notices of the abundance of 15 fish of every kind in the marshes round Ely see Cooper's annals of Cambridge 1 267.

,, 26 PRAEFATI P 127 1 3.

[XX]

OEDA here inserts a hymn in praise of virginity and especially 20

B of Aedithryda, which he composed in elegiac metre many years

before. He thus imitates Holy Scripture, the historical parts of which are varied by the insertion of compositions in metre and verse.

P 130 28 this chapter is omitted in the Saxon version.

Alcuin sanct Ebor 780-4 istius ergo sacrae praedictus Beda puellae | 25 in laudem fecit praeclaris uersibus hymnum ; | quapropter tetigi parcis haec pauca libellis, | utpote commemorans ueteris prouerbia dicti :|ʻtu ne forte feras in siluam ligna uiator' (cf Hor s I 10 34). B ten Brink Gesch d engl Litteratur (Berl 1877 1 42 end) At a time when the laws of classical versification had become strange to the Italian clergy, 30 English monks and bishops wrote, English nuns read, Latin poems, compared with which the verses elsewhere composed at that time, seemed almost as barbarous as they themselves appeared by the side of the lines of Vergil or Horace'.

30 VIRGINITATIS on the same theme Aldhelm (v 18) wrote 35 and verse.