20]

SERPENTINE VERSES.

353

P 131 I ET IDEO... CHRISTI cf Greg III 31 345 cited p 34 1 14 n. SPONSAE the same expression is put into the mouth of Christ on his appearance to St Bridget (Myroure of our Ladye p 57) 'henceforthe thou shalte be reputyd to be my espouse'.

5,, ELEGIACO METRO P 173 118 n. Verses, with an epanalepsis or recurrence of this kind, in which the first 2 feet of the hexameter are identical with the last half of the pentameter, are called echoici or serpentini cf p 1415 n. Chr D Iani artis poët Lat libri IV (Halae 1774) who cites Ov f IV 365 366. amor 1 9 1 2. Mart VIII 21 1 2. I Burman anth Lat I 10 558 559 gives many other exx, esp Mart IX 97 where six distichs begin and end with rumpitur inuidia. Riese anth Lat n 38-81. Sedulius hymn 1 (and Beda notes v 18 that Aldhelm imitated Sedulius). Paulus diac c 3 and 4 (Migne XCV 1593-7). So in Alcuin, Fortunatus eg misc VIII 2, Eugenius opusc pt 1 c 4 end. 7 end. 8 all distichs but last, 15 18 last distich but one (Migne LXXXVII 360h. 361bc. 365°). There are several false quantities in this poem, esp in proper names.

7 cf Greg Tur glor mart (prooem) Jerome says that he was taken before the bar of the supreme Judge and severely flogged for reading the subtleties of Cicero or deceits of Virgil... Therefore we must 20 write and speak what may edify the church of God... non ego Saturni fugam non Iunonis iram non Iouis stupra non Neptuni iniuriam non Aeoli sceptra non Aeneadum bella naufragia uel regna com

25

memoro cet.

IO LVBRICIS same quantity in Aldhelm in Migne LXXXIX 195* et pulchre digitis lubricum comprendere corpus.

17 TONANTIS glossary. So Eadburga to Boniface (Baronius 725 24) ille superi rector Olympi.

21 AGATHE Iacobus a Vorag leg aur 39 pp 170—173 Grässe. AW Haddan in DCB. Aldhelm de laud uirginitatis 41 42 (Migne LXXXIX 30 142). id de laud uirginum (ibid 268a-270°). The same quantity in the epitaph on pope Agatho (Baronius 682 1).

35

22 EVLALIA Greg Tur glor mart 1 91. with Tecla in Aldhelm

(Migne 193).

23 TECLA Iacob a Vorag 208=204 P 905.

24 EVFEMIA ibid 139=133 pp 620-2.

25 AGNES ibid 23 pp 113-7. A W Haddan in DCB.

26 CAECILIA Iacob a Vorag 169=164 PP 771-7. Aldhelm in Migne 268. DCB.

31 PATRE P 127 13.

354

HYDROS, DIABOLVS.

[IV

P 132 DOMINO qu 'than her lord,' her first husband Tondberct? indel 2.

8 BIS SEX ANNIS P 127 1 9 ie 659-671; according to Flor Vig 5 66c672(MHB 531. 533).

9 MONASTERIO p 127 1 25-30.

12 BIS OCTO NOVEMBRES ie ad xvi kal Nou or 17 Oct, which

is the day of her translation in the martyrol Angl.

16 17 YDROS ET ATER ABIT SACRAE PRO VESTIS HONORE, MORBI DIFFVGIVNT P 130 17 8. hydros (vdpos) is properly a watersnake; but is used like chelydrus (Beda mirac Cuthb c 11 6, c 13 24. € 45 4. Eugen Tolet opusc pt 1 c 4 1 in Migne LXXXVII 360b; other exx 15 in Ducange) for the serpent of genesis 3, which was early (wisd 2 24. 4 Macc 18 8. apoc 12 9 Schöttgen, 20 2. Eisenmenger entdecktes Judenthum 1 822 seq) identified with the devil. Prud hamartigen 613—4 tunc praegnas letale genus concepta maligni | fert opera ingenii de semine complicis hydri. Beda mirac Cuth 13 ult (tit 'qualiter daemonium ab 20 uxore cuiusdam necdum adueniens eiecerit') eius ad aduentum fugiens ut cesserit hydros. So in a letter from 'quidam' to 'quaedam' begging for her prayers, as the world's end is near (Bonif ep 139 p 307 Jaffé) hydram quoque semper nouis hiantem sibilis. See journal of philology VII (1877) 314—5. Ducange HIDROS diabolus, seruus (? serpens?). 25 ATER V 13 the black book of sins brought by demons to the dying. mirac Cuthb 13 10 11 (11 17 25 26 Stev) daemonis atri | saeuitiam miserae diris incumbere poenis. 14 (ib 19 4) hostis et atra crucis rutilo fugat arma tropaco. 15 2 Cuthbert in the isle of Farne indigenas patria fugat impiger atros. ibid 39 9 10 (37 28 29 of the miracles at Cuthbert's 30 tomb) morborum fugiunt labes, furor impius atri | daemonis absistit. Greg dial IV 18 a blasphemous boy, five years of age, being at the point of death, resting on his father's lap, cried ‘obsta, pater, obsta, hid his face. Being asked what he saw, he said: 'Mauri nt, qui me tollere uolunt, and with a curse yielded up the 35 avers that this happened in Rome, three years before writing. Adamnan uita Columbae III 12 (Migne LXXXVIII tra se tetram et nigerrimam daemonum cum ferreis proeliari. Corippus Iohannidos 1 243-253 tristis imago |

20 21]

DEATH OF AELFVIN.

355

ductoris stetit ante pedes. cognata tenebris | Maura uidebatur facies nigroque colore | horrida.. | .. malignus | angelus ille fuit claro deiectus Olympo. When the temple of Zeus at Apamea was burnt under the authority of Theodosius (Thdt h e v 21 § 11) dalμwv TIS μÉXAS 5 stayed the fire; the deacon chased him away with holy water, which acted on the fire like oil. Aug ciu dei XXII 8 § 5. Barth on Stat Th IV 440.

10

15

P 132 26 AGNI no verse of scripture was more familiar to the fathers and the middle age than apoc 14 4.

27 QVAM AFFECTV elision in same place in the epitaph on Gregory (III verse 6) qui innumeris. mirac Cuthb 32 6 quam imperiti. 35 6 qui obsequio. uita Cuthb 42 § 72 qui ignibus and next line ne Hebraeum. Alcuin sanct Ebor 907 quo ad latam. cf Verg ecl 3 48. Hor SII 51 56. 2 96. 3 120. II 3 183. Pers V 127.

XXI

N the ninth year of king Ecgfrid a battle was fought near the

Iriver prent between him and Acdilred king of Mercia. There a

brother of king Ecgfrid was slain, named Aelfuin. The war seemed likely to grow fiercer, but through the exhortations of archbishop 20 Theodore the two kings and people were appeased and no man's life taken for the king's brother who had been slain, only his wergyld paid to king Ecgfrid.

P 132 28 NONO AD 679 p 169 1 27. p 1701 5.

30 OCCISVS EST AELFVINI his corpse was brought back to 25 York, as Wilfrid had foretold, exactly a year after the expulsion of Wilfrid (v 19 p 206 30. Eddius 24) eo die anniuersario Elfwin regis occisi cadauer in Eboricam delatum est, omnes populi amare lacrimantes uestimenta et capitis comam lacerabant, et frater eius superstes usque ad mortem sine uictoria regnabat.

30

30 TREANTA because in Will Malmsb the name of the prince killed in this battle is given as Aeduinus, Smith inclines to place the battle-field in Yorkshire near Hatfield, but there seems to be greater probability in the suggestion of Elford (ie Aelfwin's ford) on Trent as the scene of the battle, and Gibson in his additions to 35 Camden col 537 describes a tumulus which may perhaps have been

erected to commemorate this event.

P 133 I VTRIQVE PROVINCIAE to the Mercians as well as to the Northumbrians.

348

RARE USE OF BATHS.

[IV tals, abbies etc. go to the East or West Indies, kill a king, or run upon a sword point: they perform all, without any muttering or hesitation, believe all'. Lingard 1 211-213. Soames AS church 284 ---5. Maria of Agreda († 1658) authoress of the 'spiritual city of God', famous for her visions, by wearing a cilicium of rough wool covered 5 her body with sores (Zöckler Gesch d Askese Fr a M 1863 p 87, where is more on hair shirts, such as Wolsey More lady Margaret wore, and iron belts, such as we find in Bonif ep p 60 end, Jaffé). So in the life of St Bridget prefixed to the "Myroure of oure Ladye" (EETS) p lii, 'she never used any lynen cloth, though it were in time of sycknes, but 10 oonly upon hir hed, and next hir skyn she weer ever rough and sharpe wolen cloth.' For other examples of the expression to go woolward the reader may see Christ's own Complaint 1 502 (EETS vol 15) 'to faste and goo wolle warde', also the same words are found in Hampole's Prick of Conscience 1 3514. Palsgrave defines it 'Wolwarde without 15 any lynen next one's body. Sans chemyse.' The expression is found in Pierce the Ploughman's Crede 1 788, 'werchen and wolward gon', but the explanation of the last syllable is, I think, to be referred to the word wear, and not as Mr Skeat suggests, with the wool towards the skin, an explanation which would only suit with a clothing made of the 20 fleece as it came from the sheep's back. Ward is wered the part of werian=to wear, and woolward means "woolclad," just as in Beowulf 606 sweglwered means "clad in brightness." scirwered and ealdawered may be cited as other examples of this participle in composition. It has fared with woolward, when it became a solitary instance of this 25 compound, as it did with rightwise under similar circumstances. The love for uniform orthography made this latter word into righteous, and woolwered into woolward to conform to the shape of forward and such like words. The use of go is the same as in the expressions "to go bare, naked, cold &c." We can find no evidence that sheepskins with 30 wool on were ever worn in England or elsewhere for penance.

P 128 4 RARO IN CALIDIS BALNEIS a common penance (Judith 10 3. 2 Sam 12 20. 14 2. 19 24). Hier ep 14 ad Heliodor 10 scabra sine balneis attrahitur cutis? sed qui in Christo semel lotus est, non illi necesse est iterum lauare. ibid 107 ad Laetam 11 mihi omnino in 35 adulta uirgine lauacra displicent, quae se ipsam debet erubescere et nudam uidere non posse... si appetitis sordibus turpare festinat naturalem pulchritudinem, cur e contrario balnearum fomentis sopitos ignes suscitat? ibid 125 ad Rusticum 7 tu uero si monachus esse

5

19]

TREATMENT OF GUESTS.

349

uis non uideri, .... sordidae uestes candidae mentis indicia sint . . . . balnearum fomenta non quaerat, qui calorem corporis ieiuniorum cupit frigore extinguere. ibid 108 ad Eustochium 15 (in commendation of Paulla) balneas nisi periclitans non adiit. Zöckler Gesch d Askese (Fr a M 1863 p 91) 'the utmost practicable restriction of the usus lauacrorum seu balneorum as of a luxury specially requisite only for the sick, is required also by the rules for nuns given by Augustine c 12, Caesarius c 29, Leander c 16'. Baronius 608 6 St Theodore blames those who bathe after receiving the communion. Cuthbert 10 only washed his feet once in several months, sometimes only once in the year uita Cuthb 18 § 32 he had so withdrawn his thoughts from concern for the body ut semel calceatus tibracis, quas pelliceas habere solebat, siz menses perduraret integros, aliquando etiam calceatus in pascha non nisi post annum, redeunte paschae tempore, propter 15 lauationem pedum, quae in cena domini fieri solet, se discalceare dicatur.

20

128 4 PRAETER=praeterquam or nisi.

5 SOLLEMNIIS MAIORIBVS ep ad Ecgb 9 even the more religious laity only communicate at Christmas, Epiphany, Easter.

78 LOTIS PRIVS CETERIS FAMVLIS CHRISTI Sharon Turner AS III7 50. 103. uita Cuthb 7 Cuthbert finds in the guest chamber of Ripon monastery an angel quendam sedentem iuuenem, quem hominem aestimans solito mox humanitatis more suscepit. nam lauandis manibus aquam dedit, pedes ipse abluit, fouendos humiliter manibus suo 25 in sinu composuit. ibid 18 § 32 when he first became a solitary, when visited by the brethren, he left his cell and ministered to them. quorum dum pedes aqua calida deuotus lauaret, coactus est aliquoties ab eis etiam se discalceare suosque pedes illis ad abluendum praebere. ibid 29 on a visitation of his diocese he came 30 to a count's mansion, who received him hospitably. lotis more hospitalitatis manibus ac pedibus. Aldhelm (in Bonif ep 1 p 28 Jaffé) complains of the inhospitality of the Britons: nec manibus lomentum aut latex cum manutergio exhibetur neque pedibus ad lauacrum peluis adponitur, cum saluator sindone prae35 cinctus discipulorum pedes abluens normam nobis tradiderit imitandi dicens: sicut ego feci uobis, ita et uos facite aliis'. ibid ep 61 end p 180 Boniface sends to abp Ecgberct uillosam unam ad tergendos pedes, cum laueris, seruorum dei. ibid ep 80 p 223 (end) pope Zacharias to Boniface 4 Nov 754 nam et hoc inquisiuit fraternitas