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[IV

forbad the monks to visit him on his death-bed and ordered his corpse to be buried in a dunghill. Mabillon ann OSB 1 448 privilege granted (657 or 658) to S Columba's monastery by Emmo bp of Sens: as you are inflamed by such a heavenly fervour, ut secundum patrum regulam et euangelicam auctoritatem atque apostolicam traditionem uiuere disponatis, 5 ita ut iuxta normam apostolicorum actuum nullus sibi monachus ullo umquam tempore peculiare in rebus maximis uel minimis appetat aut uindicet nec suum proprium dicere praesumat, sed sint illis in cunctis omnia communia. Mém de l'inst inscr XXVIII (1876) pt 2 253 where Hauréau cites Iacobus de Vitriaco 10 (of Vitri, biblioth nat ms lat 17509 fol 43 vo) si inueniatur sub tunica monachi uel alibi aliquid proprium quod retinuerit, non in coemeterio sed asini sepultura debet sepeliri. ibid monachus unum obolum habens non ualet unam pictauinam (a poitevine=obol). anon ms lat 15963 (1) fol 121 proprium est monacho non habere proprium, 15 quod si habuit, iam non est monachus, quia non habet suum proprium, sicut non est homo qui non est risibilis. Hauréau adds an anecdote, which appears under different forms. A monk shortly after death appears to a brother monk and complains of his sufferings in purgatory. When new shoes were given out, instead of 20 returning the old ones to the vestry, he hid them under his bed, intending to give them to his father. The shoes are found and deposited in the vestry. After a few days the spirit again appears and thanks his friend for releasing him from pain. Odo Cluniac (Eudes of Cluni) collat III c 21 (cited by Hauréau 254) the devil appears by the deathbed 25 of a nun. She remembers that she has, without permission, a needle, which she gives up. Still the enemy does not budge. She ransacks her memory and cries: 'Yes, and I have a thread of silk.' It is found and restitution made; the nun dies with a smile.

P 137 29 LECTIONI Ch Jourdain sur l'éducation des femmes au 30 moyen âge' in mém de l'inst inscr XXVIII (1) 1874 79-133.

P 138 2 BOSA V 3 pr. Acca was brought up under him v 20 end. W Stubbs in DCB. Dixon-Raine fasti Eborac I 83 84. Aetla 1 4. W Stubbs in DCB 'probably the same as Haeddi, who was bp of the West Saxons 676-705; but Flor Vig (MHB 622) supposes him to have 35 been the bp of a new see established for the South Angles in 679, in consequence of the decree of the synod of Hertford. Dorchester however was still a part of Wessex, nor was the see finally fixed at Winchester until the translation of S Birinus by Haeddi... before 693.

ΙΟ

23]

PILGRIMAGES TO ROME.

Perhaps Aetla may have been a diminutive of Haeddi'.

363

OFTFOR 18

26. Flor Vig dates his consecration 691 (MHB 538°) and his death 692 (539*. cf Anglia sacra 1 470). Kemble cod dipl no 35. Smith app 21. IOHANNES ' of Beverley' bp of Hexham 1 6. He had the signal honour 5 of ordaining Beda p 1711 19. Pagi 687 12. 693 8. 721 6.

Eddius 57. His life by Folcard a monk of Canterbury AA SS 7 May. Alcuin de sanctis Ebor 1083-1214. Chron sax 685. 721. Stubbs dates his consecration 25 Aug 687, his translation to York 705, his resignation 718, his death 7 May 721. Dixon-Raine 1 84-92. MHB ind.

P 138 3 VILFRID 17. p 1741 3. Dixon-Raine I 92-94, to be distinguished from the great champion of Rome, bp successively of York Leicester and Hexham († 12 Oct 709 Dixon-Raine I 55-83), and from the bp of Worcester (Beda v 23. Flor Vig 717) who died 743 or 745. Wilfrid II or iunior, a pupil of John, who resigned in his favour 718, 15 resigned 732, and died 29 April 744 or 745.

SVPRA P 124 1 24 n. 1 26 n.

6 INFRA V 2-6 of John. v 6 (end) of Wilfrid.

8 MEDIO ie of the third, Oftfor, in the middle of the five.

,, VTROQVE p 137 1 2 and 18.

9 LECTIONI P 137 1 29 n.

IO PERFECTIORA Hild was (p 71 1 11) in parte Scottorum.

12 LECTIONIBVS on the school of Theodore see c 2.

consueuerant.

12 13 ROMAM ADIRE EO TEMPORE MAGNAE VIRTVTIS AESTIMABATVR p 101 1 7 n. v 11 pr Willibrord, shortly after commencing his 25 Frisian mission, went to Rome for the pope's licence and blessing and for relics. Beda de sex aetatibus A D 720 (II 203 23 Stev) his temporibus multi Anglorum gentis nobiles et ignobiles uiri et feminae duces et priuati diuini amoris instinctu Romam uenire Aelffled, abbess of Streaneshalch, introduces to a 30 Frankish princess, abbess near Trèves, an English abbess (Bonif ep 8 Jaffé p 49 cf p 50) pro Christi caritate et pro honore sanctorum apostolorum, Petri uidelicet et Pauli, ad ipsorum sancta limina ire cupientem. The abbess Eangyth and her daughter Heaburg write to Boniface (ep 14 p 68) alii patria litora reliquerunt et aequoreis 35 campis se crediderunt et sanctorum petiuere apostolorum limina Petri et Pauli. (ib pp 69 70) multum temporis fluxit, ex quo desiderium habuimus, sicut plurimi ex necessariis nostris et cognatis siue alienis, dominam quondam orbis Romam peteremus et ibi peccatorum nostrorum ueniam impetremus, sicut alii multi fecerunt

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[IV

et adhuc faciunt . . . sed quia scimus, quod multi sunt, qui hanc uoluntatem uituperant et hunc amorem derogant, on the ground that the canons require those who are under vows to remain in the place where they took the vows, we ask your advice. In his famous letter (AD 748 after May) to abp Cuthbert Boniface reports that pilgrimages led to 5 great scandal (ep 70 p 208) bonum esset et honestas et pudicitia uestrae ecclesiae et aliquod uelamentum turpitudinis, si prohiberet synodus et principes uestri mulieribus et uelatis feminis illud iter et frequentiam quam ad Romanam ciuitatem ueniendo et redeundo faciunt. quia magna ex parte pereunt, paucis remanen- 10 tibus integris. perpaucae enim sunt ciuitates in Longobardia uel in Francia aut in Gallia, in qua non sit adultera uel meretrix gentis Anglorum. quod scandalum est et turpitudo totius ecclesiae uestrae. ib 88 p 236 Boniface recommends delay till danger from the Saracens is over. Wiethburga had found rest iuxta limina sancti Petri. ib ep 15 103 p 254 king Aethilbert of Kent (748-755) to Boniface, the abbess Bugge's visit to Rome. cf ib 53 p 155 end. One of the offences of 'the false prophet' Aldeberct (ib 50 p 139 before Oct 745) was his asking, quid uoluissent homines uisitando limina sanctorum apostolorum. Prudent perist II 520 ipsa et senatus lumina, | quondam luperci 20 aut flamines, apostolorum et martyrum | exosculantur limina. Claudius of Turin (cent IX) wrote against these pilgrimages (bibl patr max XIV 198 fh, also against images). Dungal (ib 210 211 seq) attributes his objections to trade rivalry: quod autem ille sanctorum omnium basilicas maximeque sancti Petri orandi causa visitati abhorret, dum 25 cam numerosior populus quam alias appetit ecclesias, ... inuidiae ut arbitror et cupiditatis stimulis agitatus hoc facit, quod uotiua illuc plurima confluunt donaria, nam si ad Taurinensium ecclesiam ita deferrentur, certe crediderim quod non minus isti consuetudini fauendo et eam laudando desudasset, quam nunc blasphemando et dehortando 30 laborat. ib 219 blasphemator quasi alter immanior Tartareus Cerberus. Ethelric in Kemble cod dipl II 227 when I sought St Peter and St Paul for the healing of my soul. See glossary 'limen'. Lingard 11 98. 106. 114 115. Baronius 650 3.

P 138 15 HVICCIORVM p 11613n. OSRIC Kemble cod dipl n 12. AA 35 SS 13 Febr (11 673 n 2).

16 VERBVM ET EXEMPLVM p 27 1 2 n.

18 BOSEL bp Worcester 689 (Flor Vig MHB 536), resigned 691 (ib 538°).

5

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BELLS.

365

P 138 22 AEDILREDO on his friendship for Wilfrid 1 see Eddius 41 end. 43 end.

23 MEDITERRANEORVM ANGLORVM 1 3 n. bp Leicester 692— 705. cf Dixon-Raine 1 72 n a. Eddius 44 in Haddan-Stubbs III 219. 25 THEODORVS DEFVNCTVS he died 19 Sept 690 aet 88, his successor Berctuald was elected 1 July 692, consecrated 29 June 693 v 8. 29 MONASTERIO P 137 1 18. ELECTVS Eddius 29 (end) Wilfrid in his petition to the papal court suggested that if the number of bps should be augmented, the bps assembled in council should choose the 10 new bps from among the clergy.

15

20

31 CHRISTI ANCILLA conc Rom 721 (in Baronius n 3) si quis monacham, quam dei ancillam appellamus, in coniugium duxerit,

anathema sit.

P 139 6 HERERIC P 1361 12.

12 FVLGORE Eddius 1 when Wilfrid's mother was in labour, the men about the house saw flames rising from the house. Hurrying to put them out and to save the inmates, they learnt from the women present at the birth that a child was born.

32 VIATICO P 144 1 29 n.

P 140 3 MORTEM VIDIT 17 Nov 680 Flor Vig MHB 536°.

7 HACANOS Hackness near Scarborough monast Angl 1 72. REVELARE c 29 n.

11 IN DORMITORIO PAVSANS p 1181 17 18. uita Cuthb 16 § 27 neque extra dormitorium fratrum locum aliquem, in quo pausare 25 posset, haberet.

12 NOTVM CAMPANAE SONUM uita Cuthb 45 (end) uti consuetum in monasterio nocturnae orationis signum insonuit. Eddius 23 statimque signo facto tota familia simul in unum conueniens. 61 pr pulsato signo tota familia HRyporum simul in unum congregata 30 est. Greg Tur glor mart I 11 col 734a donec surgeres ad commouendum signum. ib 76 col 806 donec signum ad consurgendum commoueatur a monachis. Baronius 615 14 (from the acts of S Lupus 1 Sept) Clotharius rex ubi comperit signum uel campanam S Stephani sonum edere gratissimum, iussit eam Parisios transferri, ut eius tinnitu 35 saepius delectaretur. displicuit ea res beato episcopo. itaque, mox ut ablata est a Senonibus, omnem soni gratiam amisit. id rex intellegens, ocius iubet suo illam loco restitui. ubi autem ad pontem Sencnicum uentum est, rediit illi pristinus sonus et ob sancti uiri merita septimo miliario auditus est. Adamn uita Columbae III 31 just before the

366

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[IV

saint's death: media nocte pulsata personante clocca festinus surgens ad ecclesiam pergit citiorque ceteris currens solus introgressus iuxta altare flexis in oratione genibus recumbit. Diormitius minister tardius prosecutus codem momento eminus totam intrinsecus ecclesiam angelica luce erga sanctum repleri uidet. Bened Anian concord regularum 5 c 29 8 3 (CII 966 Migne) ideo uestitos ac cinctos dormire diximus fratres ut, cum hora operis dei aduenerit et oratorii index insonuerit noctu, mox parati consurgant. Cumin uita Columb 22. 25. Lingard II 43. 346. DCA 'bells'. 'campanarius'. Eulog memoriale sanct 1 12 (in Baronius 716 15) cum forte competens tempus psallendi 10 signum fidelibus dare compulerit et imminens hora obsecrationis indicium populis facere consuetum poposcerit, mox ut illectum superstitione mendaci uulgus clangorem tinnientis metalli aure captauerit, in omnem maledictionem et spurcitiam linguam admouere non differt. gloccum (Germ Glocke, our 'clock' is the same word, though different 15 in meaning) Bonif p 468 Jaffé. clocca ibid 181. cloca ibid 301. Alcuin c 108 ad campanam' (Migne CI 754°) semper in aeternum faciat haec clocula tantum | carmina, sed resonet nobis bona clocca cocorum. Stevenson inmates of the monastery summoned by a bell to pray for the soul of the parting sister or brother, in the life of Columbanus 20 (Mabillon ann OSB 11 14 § 29), Bertilla abbess of Chelles (ib III pt 1 p 19 § 3), and Sturmius (ib pt 2 p 257 § 24)'. The last cited (Migne cv 443) is currere citius ad ecclesiam iubet, omnes gloggas pariter moueri imperauit et fratribus congregatis obitum suum cito adfuturum nuntiare praecepit et pro se enixius orare postulauit. cf 25 Aub Miraeus in Migne ibid 9834 984ab, who points out that tocsin is derived from signum.

P 140 12 AD ORATIONES EXCITARI Alcuin c 211 'ad nocturnas laudes.' 212 'adhortatio ad excutiendum somnum' (CI 776cd).

15 LVCEM P 321 17 n. p 106 1 15. cf v 12 end. A bright light 30 was seen about Columba in his life time Adamnan III 21-23.

18 ANGELIS 1 26. p 341 14 n. p 141112. Visions of saints to the dying Greg dial IV 11. 12. 19 at the death of Stephen cum lecto illius hi qui conuenerant omnes assisterent, alii ingredientes angelos uiderunt, alii omnino nihil uiderunt: sed omnes qui aderant, ita uehe- 35 mentissimus timor perculit, ut nullus egrediente illa sancta anima illic stare potuisset. Adamnan uita Columbae III 20. 26. 27. 31.

25 SE ASPECTANTE Greg dial II 34 of Benedict in cella consistens eleuatis in aera oculis uidit eiusdem sororis suae animam de