Chemistry and Biochemistry of Plant Pigments

absorption Academic Press acid Acta activity ALA synthetase algae anthocyanin Archs Biochem bacteriochlorophyll betalains betanidin biliproteins Biochemistry biol biophys biosynthesis Bogorad Briggs carbon carotene carotenoids cells chalcone Chem chim chlorophyll chloroplasts chromophore colour compounds cyanidin cyclization dark degradation derivatives double bond effect end group enzyme epoxides ester etiolated flavones flavonoid flavonols flowers formation fucoxanthin glycosides Goodwin Harborne Helv higher plants hydrogen atoms hydroxyl intermediate irradiation isolated isomerization isomers Karrer Lancaster Liaaen-Jensen light lutein lycopene Mabry methyl molecular molecule mutant neoxanthin Ó Carra Ó hEocha occur OH OH oxidation oxygen pathway Pchlide photosynthetic phycobilins phycocyanin Physiol Phytochemistry phytochrome phytoene Piattelli pigments polyene porphyrins precursor protein proton quinones reaction Reznik ring seedlings species spectra spectrum ẞ-carotene Strain structure studies substituents synthesis Table tissues Urogen violaxanthin vitro vivo wavelength Weedon xanthophylls yellow zeaxanthin Zechmeister