This subject comes within that chapter of
Anglo-Saxon grammar which Mr. March passes
entirely over-the accent, which he says never
forms an objective part of an Anglo-Saxon text
on account of its irregular employment. But Mr.
March seems to overlook the fact that the pho-
netic feeling, of which the accent was an emblem,
was really of an objective and certainly not of
a subjective character. The accent was an
indicator of an irrefragable and unchangeable
law, according to which the sound, which the
writer found himself constrained to mark with
a straight sign (acute), was closed, and was to
be read as closed. On this much depends in
Anglo-Saxon phonology, and to the fact of the
accent having been misunderstood by a great
many Anglo-Saxon scholars is due the irre-
gular way in which Anglo-Saxon texts are
edited in point of accentuation. This accent
has nothing to do with accent in the ordinary
acceptation of that term, as a stress on a cer-
tain syllable; its import is, as we have shown,
merely phonetic. It is a complete misunder-
standing when certain scholars imagine that
Rask and Grimm disagree as to what the accent
actually imports in Anglo-Saxon. Theirs was
merely a dissension as to the form to adopt
for it, whether an acute ( ́) drawn from above,
or upwards from below (), which naturally
would assume the form of a circumflex unless
the scribe was careful to lift his pen up, so as
not to make a mark behind at the upper part
of it. Hence all the nonsense which has been
talked about the recondite discrepancy in im-
portance between these two signs, which are
emblematically identical, but which are the re-
sults of an opposite modus operandi.

66

during the last quarter of the fifteenth century,
a subject whose attractions for students are
perennial. It has moreover been popularized to
so considerable an extent by the publication
of 'Romola' that we were at first disposed to
regret that the editor of this volume had
modestly confined himself to the very limited
circle of readers which a private impression of
fifty copies can reach, even when, as in the
present case, one of those fifty is in the
Library of the British Museum. But, without
being at all tempted to inflict upon Mr. Tartt
the severe criticism which he deprecates, we
are bound to say that his book, in its present
shape at least, is one for the student rather
than for the general reader, being little more
than (to use his own words) "a commonplace
book of reading which had reference to an
important period."

deciding Equity cases as a Vice-Chancellor!
In some respects the changes wrought by the
new Act are likely to be beneficial. The sub-
stitution of a single trustee for the cumbrous
machinery of creditors' and official assignees
(s. 14), an idea borrowed from Scotland, is a
step in the direction of simplicity, and the
audit and power of inquiry by the comptroller
(ss. 55-58) will perhaps prove a sufficient safe-
guard against fraud. We have some doubt,
however, whether it is prudent to vest the
property of the bankrupt solely in one private
individual; and we should have thought it
safer to have two trustees, for two men are
seldom known to "bolt" at once. The section
which provides that the petition must be pre-
sented by a creditor (s. 6) may, no doubt, be
evaded by collusion, but it will prevent, at
least to some extent, that species of voluntary
bankruptcy which has been so much used of
late years by extravagant tradesmen for the
purpose of clearing their books and having a
fresh start. The provisions with regard to
settlements (s. 91) will also tend to deter
traders from the abuse of the law; a voluntary
settlement by a trader (generally speaking)
being absolutely void as against the trustee if
the settlor becomes bankrupt within two years,
while the onus of proving the settlor's solvency
at the time of the making is thrown upon the
claimants under the settlement if the trader
becomes bankrupt within ten years. How the
new provisions for "arrangement" and com-
position" will work, it is not yet possible to
say; but the idea is good. Any debtor may,
with the consent of a certain proportion of his
creditors, effect an arrangement for paying by
instalments or otherwise; and the transaction
is under the supervision of the Court, which
has power, if the various stipulations are not
properly carried out, to make the debtor a
bankrupt. One obvious advantage of the new
provisions is this, that an honest man in tem-
porary difficulties may often be saved from the
public exposure of bankruptcy, and be enabled
to tide over the evil time and become solvent
again. Thus, a clerk in the Audit Office or
Inland Revenue may pay his debts in full,
by instalments extending over many years,
whereas an adjudication of bankruptcy would,
under the rules laid down by the Treasury,
entail his dismissal from the public service
and consequent ruin. Other instances might
be adduced to show the merciful tendency of
these provisions; but the question naturally
suggests itself, whether the terrors of the Court
will be sufficient to ensure that the transaction
is duly carried out; and it is on this practical
question, mainly, that the beneficial operation
of such enactments must depend. The plan of
Mr. Oliver's book is very good: the matter of
the Act being first digested in a convenient
form, with reference to the several sections;
and the Act itself, together with the "Debtors'
Act, 1869," the Rules of Court, forms, &c.,
being printed afterwards in full.

We hope that Mr. March's Grammar will find all the readier welcome in this country as our standard of Anglo-Saxon learning is greatly in need of being raised, and the work is one of rare research and rare accuracy, which takes high rank among original Grammars in the English language.

A Handy Book of the New Law of Bankruptcy.
By William A. Oliver, Solicitor. (Simpkin,
Marshall & Co.)

As a book of reference to the Bankruptcy Act
of 1869, this little work will be found very
useful. No branch of our law has been sub-
jected to more manipulation than that of
bankruptcy and insolvency. To say that every
fresh tinkering makes the job worse, would
perhaps be going a little too far; but it is
certain, at least, that each reform of the law is
contrived in such a way as to be productive
of some inconvenience and expense that might
easily be avoided. When the Court in Portugal
Street (scene of the fame and labours of Mr.
Solomon Pell) was shut up by the Act of
1861, and the powers of the Commissioners of
Insolvency were transferred to the Commis-
sioners of Bankrupts, it was scarcely contem-
plated by John Bull that, in less than ten
years, Basinghall Street would be deserted,
Portugal Street re-opened, and the last-men-
tioned Commissioners pensioned off on full
salary! Yet this is one of the results of the
new Act: and what do the public gain by
it? Nominally, the attention of one dig-
nified Judge instead of three undignified Com-
missioners; practically, a delegated jurisdiction
exercised by the Registrars, while the Chief
Judge appointed under the Act is occupied in

We trust the author will acquit us of intending any disrespect to his hero when we say that Collenuccio was one of the best of the political adventurers who were the makers of so much of the history of his time. He was employed by many different states, governments, and sovereigns in various capacities, and seems to have fulfilled the duties of all with unvarying success. The historians of his time and country are unanimous in eulogizing both his character and his ability. One of the most recent of them, Count Camillo Marcolini, whose History of Pesaro and Urbino' appeared while Mr. Tartt's pages were passing through the press, describes him as "onore della patria, uomo per ingegno, per civile prudenza, per onorevoli carichi sostenuti, per mirabile dottrina ed erudizione nelle leggi, nella filosofia, e nella letteratura, più presto unico che raro." Notwithstanding all his success and all his reputation, however, he met with no better fate than usually attends those who put their faith in princes, and fell a victim to the treachery of one of them, being strangled in his prison, according to his present biographer, or beheaded, according to Frizzi's version of the story, on the return of Sforza to Pesaro after the downfall of Cæsar Borgia. His literary abilities were unquestionably of a high order, and the most interesting part of the volume before us is to our thinking that which is devoted to his various productions and contains the translations of some of his verses.

Memoirs connected with the Life and Writings
of Pandolfo Collenuccio da Pesaro with
other Memoirs of the Fifteenth Century.
The whole translated, compiled or written
by W. M. Tartt. Edition of only fifty
copies.

In this compilation we have yet another
contribution to the history of Italian affairs

drama of Joseph,' to which are affixed the One in particular, from the initials of the late Mr. J. R. Chorley, is very remarkable for its combined fidelity and elegance. Of his prose works, the best is the Filotimo,' a dialogue between Hat and Head, which is much less known than it deserves to be, notwithstanding the handsome reprint edited by Gamba in 1836 on the occasion of a triple marriage in the Mazzetti family. It is a most admirable piece of satire.

possible particulars of the personal history of Mr. Tartt has been at great pains to glean all Collenuccio from original documents, previous biographies and the pages of contemporaries, fruit of wide reading, which, we may observe and his illustrative matter is evidently the by the way, does not lead him to advocate the view of the character of Lucrezia Borgia maintained by her latest biographer. It is strange, therefore, that he should have overlooked so well-known a book as Frizzi's 'History of Ferrara,' as he seems to have done. We have already hinted that he does not notice its ver

sion of the manner of his hero's death, and we also find him attributing the suggestion that Collenuccio should undertake the History of Naples' to the Duke of Ferrara, while Frizzi distinctly states that it was that of the Duchess Eleanora.

Mr. Tartt mentions as among the personal friends of Collenuccio, Poliziano and Pico di Mirandola (the elder), but does not seem aware that he also, at one time at least, enjoyed the privilege of friendly intercourse with Savomarola, whom he describes (in a letter recently printed at Modena) as "uomo veramenta divino, maiore anchora in presentia che per scriptura." A somewhat larger share of literary skill would have enabled our author to make a picturesque and telling narrative out of the materials accumulated by so much research, but by their publication even in their present form he has rendered a service to historical literature.

NOVELS OF THE WEEK.

3 vols.

Beauty Talbot. By Percy Fitzgerald, M.A.
3 vols. (Bentley.)
The Inquisitor. By William Gilbert.
(Tinsley Brothers.)
The Squires of Brudenell. By Emily G. Nesbitt.
2 vols. (Newby.)

Tra le Spine, Romanzo, di Cesare Dorati.
(Milano, Trèves.)

We do not doubt that 'Beauty Talbot' will attain a certain amount of success. It is written in an agreeable, sketchy way, not without occasional gleams of humour; and portrays, as well as the subject admits, characters that are not worth portraying. The malignant social pettinesses of peevish women, or the little hypocrisies of what is called society, hardly form a sufficient groundwork for an interesting story, at least without a large variety of other elements of attraction. Here we have three volumes of fiction, which contain absolutely nothing but a succession of drawing-room squabbles, in which a spiteful fine lady and a rancorous "manufacturess" conduct a social feud, which ends in the discomfiture of the former. The characters are all superficial, and generally base; but the proprieties are tolerably observed; and even the wicked Livingstonian colonel, whose reputation is based on the non-observance of the seventh commandment, only provokes the anticipation which he skilfully abstains from gratifying. 'Beauty" Talbot, the epicene dandy, for the possession, or apparent possession, of whom the rival ladies strive, is too contemptible a creature to excite the interest even of his wife, and though his song, 'The lingering smile,' at first amuses us, the reader soon gets tired both of it and him. "Old Dick Lumley," the hanger-on at great houses, another supernumerary borrowed from the Livingstonian school of gladiators, is more worthy of attention, and we can see him, very vividly, holding the door open "with an air as if it was the highest act of gallantry known." It is in these turns of social observation that Mr. Fitzgerald's talent lies, talent which is flavoured with a good deal of Hibernian fun, and alloyed perhaps by Hibernian lack of grammar and other more important principles. If we might advise our author, we would bid him, in his own language, go back on" his scheme of a sequel to the present work, or at

writing

least not annoy poor Livy Talbot, an honest
little girl, by dragging her into the ignoble
paths of feminine intrigue, or using her to
point a needless moral against aristocratic or
plebeian insolence.

In Mr. Gilbert's historical romance the
history predominates. In fact, it is a plain
and not uninteresting statement of an incident
in the life of Renée of France, Duchess of
Ferrara, one of the leading actors in the abor-
tive Italian Reformation. Our author selects
the year 1554 as the date of his story, in order
to connect in the same tale a visit to Ferrara
by Bernardino Odeino, the Capuchin reformer,
then on a tour in Italy for the purpose of
gathering funds for the Protestant Church in
Zurich, and the presence in the same city of
an emissary of the Holy Office sent by Henry
the Second of France for the compulsory con-
version to Romanism of his illustrious aunt.
"If the Duchess persists in her errors, she
must be separated from all conversation; her
children must be taken from her, and all her
domestics, who are greatly suspected of heresy,
and who are to be prosecuted. With regard to
the Princess herself, the King refers to the
prudence of her husband" (Ercole the Second,
of Ferrara) "to proceed against her as he
shall judge proper, avoiding, nevertheless, what
might occasion too much scandal." Such is the
language employed, and such the affectionate
solicitude for the faith of a daughter of France
exhibited by the saintly monarchs of the house
of Valois-Angoulême. In the case before us,
the subtlety of the tormentors proves too much
for the mother's constancy, though Renée
long afterwards, when she could no longer be
wounded through her children, proved to the
fierce Duke of Guise how staunch and intrepid
she could be. Of course the application of the
gentle persuasions of the Church to a subject
so elevated in character and in rank offers to
the master of psychical analysis a good oppor-
tunity for imaginative writing; but we cannot
say with candour that our author has made the
most of it. Neither has he been more success-
ful in the portrait he has given us of Odeino.
He is not one of the best-known leaders of the
thought of that age: the more reason, perhaps,
that he should have been invested by the
novelist with some attributes borrowed from
our own. But not a word is said with respect
to his differences with the Church at Zurich;
and the pulpit eloquence which the Protes-
tants were anxious to claim as their own is
represented by some very dull truisms, too
suggestive of a modern sermon. Yet the book
is in some respects a good one; there are many
fairly drawn characters of the religious type,
though there is too great a uniformity of
goodness; and the malicious informer, Carlo
Pedretti, is rather amusing than repulsive, and
more life-like than most comic characters.
Teresa, the heroine, is singularly unfortunate
in her misplaced attachment; indeed the author
in that instance is barbarous to an extent that
is inartistic. Whether he is also responsible
for some typographical errors, "sanitory" for
sanatory, "Alphonso" for Ercole in the last
chapter, and the like, we know not. On the
whole, we may thank him for another protest
against a spiritual tyranny which, like many
other things we are forgetting, is not yet wholly
out of date.

6

The Squires of Brudenell,' a novel in two volumes and three books, is an essay in defence

of the well-worn thesis, "virtus est bona res." Its speciality consists in demonstrating the proposition that good looks are not necessarily the outward visible signs of a character of corresponding excellence. In Book 1 we are. introduced to the heroine, a young heiress of great beauty, who derives a childish pleasure from her likeness to the wicked Countess of Shrewsbury, whose portrait fascinates her from the walls of her father's hall. To her great astonishment, she learns from her careful father that in that case, at any rate, goodness and beauty were, unfortunately, not identical. She loses her mother at an early age, and thenceforth grows up among a circle of harmless friends, which is ornamented by two boys of opposite physical and moral characteristics, who soon make an impression on her youthful heart. In Book 2 we find the heroine forgetful of the profound moral of her early life, and fascinated by the too seductive graces of Eric Montford, the bad boy of the preceding period. Edward Rivers, the honest but homely rival of the successful swain, retires from the field to assuage his disappointment amid the cares of a country curacy. nell, now become Lady Montford, begins to find In Book 3, Miss Brudeto her sorrow that dark eyes and hair are not incompatible with an imperfect moral development. ment. Sir Eric neglects and bullies her, though she still invests him with a halo of misplaced romance, and grieves sincerely when a providential accident removes him from a world in which his eyes and teeth have been appraised so much too highly. To console the widow under these circumstances falls within the duties of the Church; and the naturally patient clergyman whom in an evil hour she once undervalued comes forward to receive the reward of his unobtrusive constancy. An ample fortune, of course, completes their felicity; and the tale ends with a scene as peaceful and domestic as that with which it opened. The writing is suited to the harmless, if rather commonplace, nature of the story; and the sentimental heroine, though possibly too much. attached to the comforts as well as the beauties of this life, is a natural and not unpleasing character.

Signor Cesare Donati is the author of several interesting novels, amongst which Musica e Amore,' and 'La Tabacchiera di mio Nonno,' are deservedly the most popular. As in almost all his novels, the plot of Tra le Spine' is remarkable for its simplicity and clearness; but in this new work Signor Donati seems to have had a distinct object in view,—an object which does not, however, interfere with the dramatic interest of the story. His aim is to urge the rich and the powerful to seize every opportunity of alleviating the sufferings of those who are in poverty and in misery. Lena, the heroine of the novel, is a poor orphan girl, living under the care of her aged, blind grandmother; and the book takes its name from the thorns which are thick set round the path of her life.

The beauty of Lena is fatal to her happiness; she loves "not wisely, but too well," and from that moment her life becomes full of troubles, and her wretchedness is increased by the unrelenting hostility of Ardiglioni, the father of her lover Gustavo, who eventually causes her to be imprisoned on a false charge of infanticide. She would have died but for the kindness of an aged philanthropist, Count Pancrazio, who foils Ardiglioni's

when they commend bare dogmas to the unhesitating acceptance of their hearers as the only means of salvation, and assume the function of infallible expounders of all that is necessary for salvation, is it wonderful that thinkers or philosophers should conceive dislike?

There are five lectures in the little work before us,-on the soul's longing after a final cause; the God-consciousness in humanity; inspiration; infallibility; the use and abuse of the Bible, which treat of the very problems most important to man's well-being. They are discussed with excellent taste, tact and judgment. The reader will find their illustration suggestive and profitable. Conceived in an enlarged spirit, they are wrought out with skill, and expressed in felicitous language. The author has deep spiritual views of the Bible and its contents, which illustrate its harmony with the consciousness of the Divine implanted in humanity. Unlike most of the divines who speak from the pulpit or the press, he shows himself abreast of the age in its best thoughts about the Scriptures, familiar with the tendencies and results of science, and alive to the doings of historical criticism. The volume may be confidently recommended as one of healthy tone, fitted to enlighten, instruct and elevate. In a few cases we have observed a little obscurity, which may be accounted for; and some statements about the person of Christ which scarcely hang well together. The Appendix, consisting of seven long notes, is hardly equal in ability to the Lectures. That relating to 'Eusebius on the Canon' contains several doubtful assertions, from which, as well as other places, we see that the writer has not studied the works exhibiting the most recent and best critical results in the New

Testament books. Random statements are easily made. A man like Mr. Picton, who thinks and reads without fear of the weaker brethren, should be cautious in pronouncing opinions respecting questions of the higher criticism.

Christianum Organum; or, the Inductive Method in Scripture and Science. By Josiah Miller, M.A. (Longmans & Co.)

ditions of their fathers, and withholding from the
Messiah the divine honour due to him; the latter,
as falling into their errors from neglecting the in-
ductive method. Philosophic insight and a slight
study of the best Church histories would have saved
Mr. Miller from such perfunctory observations.
The book will not attract the man of science; nor
will it satisfy the theologian.

|

with the questions with which M. Gorman attempts to deal, practically ignores such a writer as Schleiermacher, and apparently supposes that the sum total of "Modern Thought" is contained in 'Ecce Homo,' the Fortnightly Review, and the writings of the Bishop of Natal, does not stem competent for the task he has undertaken. Mr. Gorman's arguments are sometimes ingenious; but he too often contents himself with asserting theological Chimes from Heaven's Belfry. By G. Hunt Jack-positions which "Modern Thought" has rejected son. (Dickinson.)

ACCORDING to the author of this book, the Bible is
a sacred belfry, and all its accordant truths are
heavenly chimes. The work seems to consist of
short sermons on a variety of texts, with little
power of thought or propriety of style to recom-
mend them. The metaphorical artificiality of
the language will rather repel a cultivated reader.
While, therefore, we perceive plain tokens of the
writer's desire to expatiate on the Bible with pious
feelings, it is difficult to find any ideas better ex-
pressed than they have been a thousand times
before. The matter is thin and diluted. Had Mr.
Jackson aimed less at the tinsel of expression, and
expressed his thoughts naturally, his book would

have been better.

Fissure Hammeshiach, oder die Leiden des Messias,
u. s. w. Dargestellt von Dr. Aug. Wünsche.
(Nutt.)

THIS treatise is divided into two parts. The first
undertakes to show that the Old Testament contains
the doctrine of a suffering and dying Messiah, and
therefore of an atoning one. Here the sacrifices of the
old economy are adduced as directly typical of such
a person; while prophetic passages are also referred
to a Messiah of the same type. The second part
exhibits a suffering and dying Messiah in the
Talmuds and Midrashim. The author attempts a
problem which is not without difficulty. He
appears, however, to be confident of his success, as
he makes some severe remarks on critics who take

another view than his, and deplores the negative
spirit that pervades both in modern Judaism and
Christianity. It cannot be said that Dr. Wünsche
has established his conclusion-a conclusion to which
the best critics, Jewish and Christian, are opposed;
and he has said nothing that will do much to
strengthen his side of the question. The fact that
all his quotations are hagadic not halachic, that he
cites modern writers and late books, such as the

reason.

The

Ix this work the author attempts to show the
Christian basis of the inductive method, and the
application of that method to the Scriptures. The
first three chapters explain what the inductive
method is; the rest refer to its contact with
religion, or with Christianity in particular. The
first chapter is clear and good, but the writer
altogether fails to show how the application of
the inductive method to Scripture would bring
out any better results than those which a com-
petent interpreter must produce. The second
chapter is superfluous: the third is feeble and dif-
fuse: while in the fourth, a number of commonplace
observations, with various extracts, are strung to-
gether loosely. Here the author wanders from his
text. The fifth chapter is wordy and half-sermon-
izing. The sixth and seventh chapters are poor
and vague. The last chapter is the best, because
the author's mind is suited to the general and
the practical. His aim may be commendable;
but he undertakes a thing which is impossible.
The inductive method of science, properly so-called,
cannot be applied to the interpretation of the Bible,
because of the contents, variety of authors, times,
circumstances, inspiration, belonging to the books
of the Old and New Testaments. Mr. Miller is
evidently an amiable man, whose spirit is good
and tone reverential; but his thinking power is
exceedingly small. His mode of writing has neither
pith, point, nor vigour. He does not see that while
saying again and again that he has proved certain
things, he has not proved them at all. Thus: "We
The Athanasian Creed and Modern Thought. By
have established the dependence of true science
T. M. Gorman, M.A. (Longmans & Co.)
upon true theology”—“We have shown that the WE share Mr. Gorman's regret at the neglect with
principles and method of Christianity are induc-
which the Higher Theology is treated; but we
tive." Again, "The connected subject of tradition
doubt the success of his attempt. While we are
may be treated in a sentence" is a short dictum,
disposed to make every allowance for the fact that
proving in its context the author's ignorance of the
the substance of Mr. Gorman's book was originally
subject. Nor can we attest his acquaintance with
couched in sermons addressed to a popular audi-
early ecclesiastical history. What is stated of the
ence, we must say that the book does not give
Ebionites and Gnostics is wide of the truth. The evidence that the author is acquainted with

Sohar,' and that he must know a suffering and
atoning Messiah to be foreign to Judaism proper,
is sufficient to shake his favourite tenet.
book may be useful to those who wish to have a
collection of passages from Jewish books and
writers relating to the subject; in other respects,
it must be read with caution, since Christian
scholars of the highest ability, as well as Jewish
critics, have maintained the opposite, not without
Possibly converted Jews may catch at the
work, and use it in their favour as against Judaism;
but the weapons they employ are not seldom
ineffectual and injudicious. Christians must wield
subtle and solid arguments against Judaism
arguments which the best scholars of that ancient
creed cannot despise-if they hope to make a
good impression in favour of their religion. Dr.
Wünsche is not an advocate to whom we should
like to entrust Christianity in its relation to
Judaism. He is not impartial or calm enough,
and his method of interpretation is sometimes
vulnerable. It is difficult to suppose that he can
really believe that Mashiach or Mashiach Nagid,
in Daniel ix. 24-26, was intended to denote
the Messiah.

former are described as blindly attached to the tra

as untenable.

R.

Two Treatises on Verbs containing Feeble and
Double Letters, by R. Jehuda Hayug, of Fez,
translated into Hebrew from the Original Arabic
by R. Moses Gikatilia, of Cordova; to which is
added, The Treatise on Punctuation, by the same
Author, translated by Aben Ezra. Edited from
Bodleian MSS., with an English Translation, by
JEHUDA HAYUG, of Fez, whose three gram-
John W. Nutt, M.A. (Asher & Co.)
matical treatises are here given to the public,
belonged to the beginning of the eleventh century,
according to Rapoport. The merit is commonly
assigned to him of being the first to establish the
principle that all Hebrew verbs are derived from
triliteral roots. The Jews celebrate his praises,
calling him the father and prince of grammarians.
The first two treatises in this volume had been
previously edited by L. Dukes in 1844, but from
an incorrect Munich MS., blunderingly used (pro
editoris more, as Hupfeld says), and in Aben Ezra's
version. Mr. Nutt gives them to the public for
the first time in R. Moses Gikatilia's translation.
Besides the Oxford MSS., he had the advantage
of a collation of the Paris MS. of Gikatilia, made
by M. Neubauer. The third treatise had also been
published by Dukes, in Aben Ezra's version along
with the original Arabic. Mr. Nutt gives it much
more correctly, with the additions of Gikatilia from
a Bodleian MS., and accompanied by the original.
Whether it was worth while to re-edit, merely in

another version, the first two treatises, may be
doubted. The original Arabic would have been
more welcome than Hebrew translations. Unable
to find a MS. of Gikatilia's translation of Hayug
on Punctuation, Mr. Nutt also gives (Preface,
pp. 12, 13) a specimen of a treatise on the vowel
points and accents, copied for him by Perreau, of
the Library at Parma. Instead of ascribing this
work to an anonymous author, he should have
known that it belongs to R. Moses Nakdan, of
London, and had been already printed in the
margin of the great Masorah at the end of the
Rabbinical Bibles, besides being published sepa-
rately at Wilna, in 1822, with a short commentary
by Zebi ben Menahem Nahum; and by Frensdorf
at Hanover, in 1847. The editor has executed his
task with laborious diligence and care, often noting
the variations of the MSS. at the foot of the pages.
His English version is, perhaps, as faithful as a ver-
sion can be made, although there is some obscurity
in a few places. At the present time, the works of
Hayug are of small value. They are chiefly inter-
esting as forming an important link in the history
of Hebrew grammar and lexicography. When M.
Derenbourg, of Paris, publishes the Kitab-el-Mus-
talchik' of Ibn Ganach, containing corrections of
Hayug, the usefulness of the treatises before us
will be increased. With the stores of the Bodleian
at his command, we trust that Mr. Nutt will be
encouraged to print other Oriental books more
valuable than the present. He has made a fair
beginning as an editor; proving at once his com-
petency, his learning, and his conscientious desire
to be accurate.

LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
Theology.

Aquinas's (S. Thos.) Commentary on the Four Gospels, 6 vols. 42/
Christian Work on the Battle Field, &c. cr. 8vo. 6/ cl.
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A POEM RECLAIMED. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, August 22, 1870. As an admirer of Hood, I was not a little surJones's (H. L.) Essays on Literary and Historical Subjects, 12 prised at the charge made against him in yours of the 20th inst., by G. T. Lowth, a charge, I am happy to say, which is easily refuted, and, by your leave, I now hasten to do it. Your Correspondent says that his version "lay in his portfolio... unseen Arber's English Reprints, Vol. 2, Tottel's Miscellany, 12mo. 2/6 by any one" until he "made it fair and sent it to Punch." Now, Punch was not started until 1841, and I am not surprised that "Punch took no notice of it," as I find, in a notice of the Amaranth for 1839, in the pages of your journal for 1838, p. 776, the poem is printed at length, and the name of Thomas Hood appended to it as the author. Who is the plagiarist?

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LOVE'S CLAIRVOYANCE.

I. GRETCHEN IN THE GARDEN.

As bees are "burning" 'round the golden bloom
Where Gretchen knits beneath the linden shade,
Drinking dear memories in the honeyed gloom

By pendulous flow'rs and twinkling green leaves
made;

Her dainty nostrils, cherry parted lips,

Her dreamful eyes of tenderest blue, no sign Revealing of the lovely hour that slips

Unheeded by 'mid summer hush divine:

As lightly 'round her clinking needles run
The silken meshes-yonder rose above,
The yellow moth disporting in the sun-

Her heart-strings twined, thoughts hovering 'round

her love:

While radiant thro' sweet broodings, from the past
The vision of her lover re-appears,

Serener now than when they parted last,

When down her paled cheek trilled those tender
tears:

As, 'mid yon shadows shot with sunny gleams,
The musing maiden, weaving her love charms,
That emanation of her waking dreams

Sees drawn thus life-like towards her longing arms-
Ah God! her white lips gasping, like the knell

Of murdered love, her life's one hope betrayed, Soul heard 'mid heavenly calm like blast from hell, The crackling, deadly, ripping fusillade!

II. KARL ON THE BATTLE-FIELD.

So, like a ray divine thro' storm-cloud breaking,
Thro' battle clangour and infuriate cries,
'Mid smoke and blood and flames a pathway making,
What glimpse of heaven greets Karl's enraptured
eyes!

There thro' the sulphurous surges rent asunder,
Down beam celestial piercing blackest air,
Like gleam of lightning shot thro' rolling thunder,
He sees, entranced, that summer garden fair!
Above the booming crash of shrapnel showers,
With subtle ken his inner sense discerns
That murmurous haze about the lime-tree flowers,
Where, like a mist of gold, the bee swarm burns:
Beyond the stifling fumes the bomb discloses,
Mephitic vapours winged with iron death,
He scents afar the perfume of the roses,

The delicate flavour of the linden's breath!
One instant draws their loving souls together,
Omnific in its power to work them woe,
One spirit-glance of love to each can gather

What yearnings from the other's heart now flow.
Struck by the ball of doom he wins in glory,

Thro' dread for him, her tender breast is riven;
Transfigured on the war-plain foul and gory
One thought of her uplifts his soul to heaven.
CHARLES KENT.
August, 1870.

WM. LYALL.
Broadstairs, Kent.
A FRIEND informs me of the letter of a Mr.
Lowth, in a recent number of the Atheneum, in
which he brings a charge against my father's
memory. Absent from town, I cannot get at my
books of reference, and cannot therefore give chap-
ter and verse, but I believe that my father's lines
were written before the appearance of Punch. At
any rate, I do not hesitate to say that the charge
is false, and that Mr. Lowth brings himself under
suspicion by waiting to bring his charge until death
has removed Mark Lemon, one word from whom
would have settled the value of his claims.
T. HOOD.

THE HISTORICAL MANUSCRIPTS AT BEAUMANOR Holmwood Park, Dorking, August 20, 1870. In the animated and entertaining review of the attractions of Leicestershire, which appeared in the Athenæum of the 23rd of July, in contemplation of the meeting of the Royal Archæological Institute at Leicester, some prospect was held out of the possible discovery of valuable and unknown historical documents at Beaumanor, still stored in certain chests, of which the existence has become matter of popular fame and notoriety.

mansion-house at Beaumanor several of these chests remained,―if, indeed, some of them had not been previously his own coffers, provided for the purposes of his private business, as a goldsmith

and banker in London.

One of the most perfect and ponderous of these great chests was brought into the Staircase Hall at Beaumanor, for exhibition to its visitors of the Royal Archeological Institute. It has a coved lid, or roof, as one might call it, and is heavily bound with iron bars in several directions, and has rings of iron wherewith to carry it. Had I enjoyed my contemplated opportunity of addressing the meeting from the ascent to the great staircase, I should have had this chest on my right hand, and could afterwards have conducted the more curious of my hearers to the bookcase which is the present depository of its former contents. But as the Rev. Mr. Hill, the director and commander-in-chief on these excursion days, to whose skill and experience their success is so much indebted, and whose judicious and courteous behests I, like every other old member of the Institute, feel myself bound implicitly to obey, on this occasion, kindly suggested that any information I might have to offer to the assembly would be best heard within the refreshment tent, I was glad to accept his offer of so full and attentive an auditory, seated as they were in comfort and enjoyment along those hospitable tables.

The Manuscripts were not the first subject of the remarks I had prepared, but it was rather the general history of this beautiful forest manor and its ancient hunting-seat, (which still existed as “a pretty lodge" when seen by our proto-topographer Leland in the reign of Henry the Eighth,) and the many personages of the highest rank below royalty which form the succession of its mediaval owners and occupiers. Limited by time, I soon laid aside my written memoranda, and then selected the salient points of the annals of Beaumanor from the printed pages of my grandfather's History of the county, having had a friendly notice from Mr. Hill of the few minutes he had still to spare.

With these, after briefly directing the attention of my listeners to some of the more interesting objects about the place,-to some of the family portraits,-to the oak chair of Richard Herrick the Warden of Manchester (the third son of old Sir William),-to the great chair standing under the staircase that was carved out from the solid bole of an oak, felled in the park in the year 1690, which measured thirty-four feet in circumference, and upon the pinnacles of which the spear, garland, and three rosebuds, that have been paid as quitrents for many centuries, are annually suspended, -to the bed of King Richard the Third, purchased by Mr. Perry-Herrick, and for which an appropriate chamber was specially prepared in his new mansion,

I was prepared to satisfy the curiosity which had thus been raised, having, during the earlier part of the week, renewed my acquaintance with the valuable manuscript stores that have been accidentally preserved in the family of Mr. Perry-Herrick, and which, by his good sense and liberality, have been more effectually protected from future injury, and are therefore now destined to be handed down for the information of future historical inquirers. I say that these manuscripts have been accidentally preserved; and it must generally be owing to a happy accident of one kind or another that, out of the mass and multitude of papers which are apparently of ordinary and transient interest at the time which produces them, some few are cast into spots that preserve them, like the leaves and shells in coals and other minerals, or the insects embalmed in amber, in order to become the samples or speci--and to the carriage built for the wedding of Mr. mens of the great majority of similar documents that are irretrievably lost. Either the secret drawers of an old cabinet have been overlooked. or a closet has remained unusually undisturbed, or a garret has been particularly wind-and-weather tight, and the archives of an ancient family are thus accidentally preserved from the ravages of damp, dirt and vermin, or the still more merciless destruction of the lawyer, the cook, and the housemaids. In the case before us, the accident was this that Sir William Heyrick, the purchaser of Beaumanor, was for seven years one of the Tellers of the Exchequer, and that, on the termination of his period of office, he was permitted, as was then generally the practice with men in public stations, to retain the documents which related to his administration and services, provided only that his accounts were duly settled at head-quarters. If he thus obtained his quietus est, all was well; still, he preserved his papers, and they were preserved, probably for his lifetime at least, as his vouchers, for fear of any future recriminations. In this way Sir William Heyrick kept his Exchequer papers, and took them down with him to his retreat in Charnwood Forest. He was allowed to take them in the old Exchequer chests with which the State had provided him; and in the garrets of the former

Perry-Herrick's grandfather with the heiress of the Gages of Bentley in 1740, and which, though a comparatively modern antique-of the time of Hogarth's pictures, perhaps excited greater interest with the multitude than any other object on the spot, the builder's contract, which is still preserved, lending an explanation to all its facts and details,-I cut short my discourse, leaving the valuable series of Manuscripts undiscussed and undescribed.

I have therefore now to admit that what was foreboded in the Athenæum of the 23rd of July too literally came to pass-that Mr. Perry-Herrick's luncheon drove from the minds of his guests the inquiry whether any historical papers still lie hid in the old chests. It is true that Mr. PerryHerrick himself, in his address to the company (as reported in your paper of the 3rd of August) stated that the papers had been thoroughly examined by my grandfather, the historian of Lincolnshire, kindly adding that, "although there were many papers of family interest among them, there were none of public importance that escaped such vigilant eyes as those of Mr. Nichols," stating also that it was true that the papers "had not been fully explored when he succeeded to the property, but had been thoroughly examined since." But