after which a cordial vote of thanks was passed to the chairman, and the meeting broke up.

We understand that since the annual meeting, Mr. John Yates (late vice-president) has been elected president, and Mr. Maurice John Hore vice-president of the society, and that Mr. E. W. Bird and Mr. T. E. Paget have been re-elected treasurer and secretary respectively.

THE STATISTICAL SOCIETY. In a paper read before this society in June last, and which is now published, Mr. J. H. Elliott considers the subject of "Crime.'

He says: The alteration of the law in 1854, which extended the power of summary conviction before the magistrate, so disturbed the uniformity of former returns, that they now cease to be comparable. 1861, as compared with 1851, shows a considerable diminution in the commitments for crimes (except the more heinous ones), not because such crimes have actually diminished, but because they are differently treated. For while the commitments have decreased, the summary convictions for similar crimes have increased, many offences which used to pass to higher courts, are uow decided by magistrates. Thus :

The average number of persons summarily treated, for the three years 1857-59, was 250,619, or 128 in 10,000 of the population; for the three years 1860-62, 294,094, or 131 in 10,000; in 1863 333,641, or 138 in 10,000; and for the three years 1864-66, 317,568, or 149 in 10,000. But there were committed for trial or bailed, in the first period, 27,427; in the second period, 18,108; and in the third period, 16,155; making a total for the first period or three years' average, 278,044; second period, 282,202; and for the third period, 1864-66, 322,953; being an increase of 16 per cent. in ten years, while the estimated increase of population has been 10 per cent.

Again, the average number of persons committed or bailed, were for seven years, 1848 to 1854, i. e. before the change in the law, 28,125; for seven years, 1856 to 1862, i. e., after the change, 18,366.

Taking the four years after the alteration of the law, 1856 to 1859, the average number, 18,559; increasing afterwards from 1860-63 to 18,786; while the same class of commitments for one year, 1864, were 19,506; 1865, 19,614; 1866, 18,849.

Again, in five years ending 1861, inclusive, the totals were 90,234, and in five years ending 1865, inclusive, 98, 265.

The increase of crime coincident with relaxed punishments is shown over a period of forty years,

from 1817 to 1857.

Offences against property without violence were, in 1851, 21,489, in 1861, 12,606, a decline caused by the Act of 1854. In the five years ending 1861, 62,828, and for the five years ending 1865, 67,146, being an increase of 4318, or 69 per cent.

Offences against property with violence, decreased, 1851 to 1861, from 2013 to 1905; but for the five years ending 1860, the total of these offences was 9351, while for the five years ending 1865, they increased to 10,521. In burglary and housebreaking there has been very great increase. Malicious offences against property (including arson), in 1851, were 270; in 1861, 257. But for five years ending 1860 these offences were 947, and for five years ending 1865, 1816. A singular increase.

Offences of all sorts against the person, in 1860 were 10,043, and in 1865, 12,146. Assaults of all kinds, committed or bailed, in 1860 were 4361, and

in 1865, 5814. In the year 1865 the total of assaults brought before magistrates was 60,406, and on peace officers, included in the above (about one-fifth of the whole), 12,270.

Of murders and murderous assaults the total of five years ending 1860 was 2826, and 1865, 2585. The totals of ten years ending 1856 and 1866 were 20,219, and 22,589, or about 10 per cent. increase. Crimes of violence indicate a more depraved state of the moral sense, and are very specific tests of the low state of education-not of the pedagogue-but of public opinion and of the law, the law, which is the all-powerful schoolmaster. There has been so much talk about capital punishment of late, in which an affectionate interest in the blood-guilty has been strongly put forth in richly-coloured relief, while the victims and their ruined families have been left in the darkest and most neglected shade, that public opinion seems to have lost much of its horror and all of its holy anger. Yet venerable authority says, "Ye shall take no satisfaction for the life of a murderer which is guilty of death, but he shall surely be put to death."

We know but little of the crime of murder. In the year 1866 there were

So that of notoriously known murders, 12 only met a righteous doom out of 272, or 1 in about 23. But with the greater sharpening of men's wit by education and reading, it is to be feared that deeds of death have become more subtle and refined, and more scientifically perpetrated. Undiscovered murder, as by poison, is practised to a great extent in England, as well as in other parts of the world. We know this by the testimony of competent persons, especially doctors. 272 doubled will fall short of the total of lives sacrificed yearly, encouraged in great part by fanciful legislation and literature.

The proportion of convictions for serious offences has in a small degree declined in the ratio of population, but even with this improvement, the increased cost of our police may indeed be grudged. This insignificant result is at last obtained only by an oppressive burden of two millions of money yearly, and by an inglorious abstraction of an army of now more than 24,000 stalwart men, at the most energetic period of their lives, from the productive industry of the country. (a) The game hardly pays for the candle. More wholesome and less costly means are at hand, had we the energy and benevolence to use them. But while this small improvement is concurrent with, as we see all along, an enormous increase in all the material and moral agents which ought to diminish crime, however much they may have added to the comfort and have caused a decrease in the physical suffering of multitudes, they have not done the best part of the work expected of them.

Crime, England and Wales, Convicted and

Number

Punished.

The convictions in Ireland were in 1851 14,377, but from 1861 to 1865 the number declined from 3271 to

2663, the average of five years being 3205. But the great apparently followed by a corresponding increase in the decrease of criminals of late years in Ireland has been

United States, as well as by an undue proportion of Irish offenders in England. Of 80,532 persons arrested in New York (population 805,651) during 1867, 38,128 were natives of Ireland, 2764 of England, 970 of Scotland. Thus nearly one-half of the total offenders were

Irish.

Roman Catholics.

near four-fifths.

Thus in Ireland, where the people are under the strictest ecclesiastical discipline and exclusive infallible teaching, the offenders are 6 out of 7, instead of being 4 out of 5.

Prisoners in Scotland, 3155-1523 were Catholics.
Population, 3,061,329 (b)

The state of education among offenders, like all else belonging to that class, is beset with trick, deceit and fraud. They come to prison again and again, and every time they report themselves illiterate, though they have been taught as often to read and write. More schooling, and less oakum-picking, result naturally in quick progress

(a) The total charge of the criminal classes was stated in a daily paper in the year 1866: £ 8. d. 1,827,105 16 7

Police

Paid by Treasury for criminal prosecutions Cost of prisons

convict prisons Reformatory schools (Treasury) Industrial Criminal lunatics

143,511 6 6

614,677 12 8 237,333 2 0

51,734 6 1 18,567 10 6 45,037 12 0

2,937,967 6 4

To which must be added the special cost incurred by prosecutors, the earnings of thieves while following their profession, and the incidental but great waste and destruction of property. It is no exaggeration to put this at 7,000,000l. or 8,000,0001. more.

(b) Out of this number the Irish-born, according to the census, were 204,003, or 6·6 per cent.

in learning, especially when the learning is of an old lesson, which shows a good lad or good man, and obtains a better character from the schoolmaster and the chaplain.

These are among the reasons why so large a proportion of offenders appears to be illiterate, and they will ever continue so until a compulsory system gives opportunity to all of the population to learn to read and write, who are not naturally incapable of doing so, and they are rather a considerable number.

In our reformatories and prison, we teach evildoers mechanical trades, and thus change them, at the public cost, from unskilled into skilled workers. Offences are profitable to them, they are rewarded, thereby they are enabled to earn higher wages when they come out of prison. "If one has a protector, he escapes from a murder with only two or three years of imprisonment. The Bagnio at Rome is not a very bad place. The prisoners acquire a trade there, and on returning to their villages are not dishonoured, but often feared, which is often of utility." ("Italy," by H. Taine.) Worldly London thus imitates the prison discipline of Holy Rome, and the results are singularly alike. How extremes meet!

The number of fires in London, is painfully suggestive, that with increasing education and prosperity, people have become more and more careless, or worse.

Incendiarism is a crime second only to murder, in some forms our ancestors regarded it as of equal atrocity. The total of commitments for malicious offences against property of this kind, in five years ending 1856, were 804; 1862, 670; 1866, 1231.

PROMOTIONS & APPOINTMENTS

[N. B.-Announcements of appointments being in the nature of advertisements, are charged 2s. 6d. each for which postage stamps should be inclosed.]

Whitehall, Aug. 14. The Right Honourable Sir William Bovill, Knight, Lord Chief Justice of Her Majesty's Court of Common Pleas, at Westminster, has appointed Francis Fenwick Pearson, of Kirkby Lonsdale, in the county of Westmorland, gentleman, to be one of the Perpetual Commissioners for taking the Acknowledgments of Deeds to be executed by Married Women, under the Act passed for the Abolition of Fines and Recoveries, and for the Substitution of more simple Modes of Assurance, in and for the county of Westmorland.

LEGAL NEWS.

A conditional order was granted on Monday, in the Dublin Court of Common Pleas, for a new trial of the case of Harris v. Bagot, arising out of the bill transactions of Mr. Sidney, Q.C. The case has been already twice tried. On the first occasion the jury disagreed; on the second a alleged misdirection by the judge, Chief Justice verdict was found against the bills. The application for a new trial by the plaintiff is grounded on

Monahan.

SUITS AT LAW.-The common law courts, which are now about to resume work, find it increasing upon them year by year. In the year 1867, 127,221 writs of summons and 471 writs of capias to hold to bail were issued by the three Superior Courts of England-41,622 from the Queen's Bench, 35,714 from the Common Pleas, 50,356 from the Exchequer-making a total of 127,692. The annual average of the preceding eight years was 108,933. But the causes actually tried are not very much more than two per cent. of the number of writs issued. In 1867, 1553 causes were tried in London or Westminster, and 1413 at the assizes making 2966 in all. The annual average of the eight preceding years was 2316; the number in 1866, the last of those years, 2691. The following 1867:-In 1945 there was is a summary of the results of the trials in a verdict for the plaintiff; in 404 there was a verdict for the defendant; in 132 a nonsuit; in 187 the cause was referred; in 139 the verdict was subject to the opinion of the court in banco upon a special case reserved, in 117 a juror was withdrawn by consent, in 32 the jury were discharged unable to agree upon a verdict, in 10 a stet processus was entered. Of the 1553 causes tried in London or Westminster, 395 were undefended; the returns from the circuits do not make this distinction, 29,283 writs of execution were issued in the year, 8131, nearly 28 per cent., were against the person, and the others against the property of the defendant. The vast majority of the suitors resort to the courts, not for the adjudication of any disputed question, but simply as means for enforcing payment of debts; and the trial of causes is but half of a judge's work. To say nothing of criminal business, it would be tedious to give even a classified summary of

Nov. 2. O. A. Edwards. Sol. Spencer, Coleman-st. Sur. Nov. 18

JACKSON, THOMAS, refreshment-room keeper, Marylebone-rd. Pet. Oct. 29. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol. Godfrey, Hatton-garden. Sur. Nov. 19

motions, rules, demurrers, special cases, appeals, JACKSON, MARY ANN, out of business, York-st, Shoreditch. Pet. 56,000 common and 19,000 special orders made last year at chambers, where 5837 counsel attended and 24,964 affidavits were sworn. But these are small figures compared with those presented in the returns from the County Courts of England.

WILLS AND BEQUESTS.-The will of the Hon. Ralph Abercromby, Baron Dunfermline, K.C.B., of Colinton-house, near Edinburgh, was proved by his relict, the Right Hon. Lady Mary, eldest daughter of the second Earl of Minto, the sole executrix; and the personalty in England and Scotland was sworn under 7000l.

The deceased

KEATES, HUGH, contractor, Weedington-rd, Kentish-town. Pet.
Nov. 4. Reg, Roche. O. A. Parkyns. Sol. Hicks, Strand. Sur.
Nov. 18
KITE, WILLIAM HATCHER, draper, Brompton-rd. Pet. Nov. 2.
Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol. Plunket, Gutter-la. Sur.

Reg.

Nov. 24
LEWENDON, ELIEL, grocer, Whitchurch. Pet. Nov. 3.
Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sols. Courtenay and Co., Gracechurch-
st. Sur. Nov. 24

LEWIS, WILLIAM BOWIE, out of business, Winchester. Pet.
Nov. 2. Reg. Murray. O. A. Parkyns. Sols. Stocken and Jupp,
Leadenall-st, agents for Lee and Best, Wincnester. Sur.
Nov. 16
LOVE, ALEXANDER ALMAREZ, late clerk in the Bank of England.
Crystal Palace-rd, East Dulwich. Pet. Oct. 31. Reg. Pepys.
O. A. Graham. Sol. Webster, Basinghall-st. Sur. Nov. 19

MCBEAN, WILLIAM, fish merchant, Great Driffield. Pet. Nov. 4.
Reg. & O. A. Tonge. Sol. Allen, Great Driffield. Sur. Dec. 3
NICHOLSON, GEORGE, tallow chandler, Liverpool and Everton.
Pet. Oct. 31. O. A. Turner. Sol. Norden, Liverpool. Sur
Nov. 19
OLDHAM, ALFRED, innkeeper, Haughton. Pet. Oct. 30. Reg. &
O. A. Brooks. Sols. Messrs Drinkwater, Hyde. Sur. Nov. 25
PALMER, WILLIAM, beerhouse-keeper, Sheffield. Pet. Nov. 3.
Reg. & O. A. Wake and Rodgers. Sol. Micklethwaite, Sheffield.
Sur. Nov. 18
PICKUP, JAMES, bread baker, Bacup. Pet. Nov. 4. Reg. Fardell.
O. A. Harris. Sol. Robinson, Manchester. Sur. Nov. 18
POLLARD, WILLIAM HENRY, coppersmith, Bitterne. Pet. Nov. 2.
Reg. & O. A. Thorndike. Sol. Mackey, Southampton. Sur
Reg. &
Pet.

Νον. 16

PORTER, HENRY, farmer, Great Casterton, Pet. Nov. 2.

O. A. Shield and Hough. Sol. Law, Stamford. Sur. Nov. 23 POWELL, JOSEPH HENRY, beerhouse-keeper, Normanton. Nov. 2. Reg. & O. A. Mason. Sol. Harle, Leeds. Sur. Nov. 21 REEVES, JAMES, fishmonger, Chorlton-upon- Medlock. Nov. 3. Reg. & O. A. Kay. Sol. Jones, Manchester.

Dover Castle yard, Deptford.

MAURICE, SAMUEL SOLOMON, manufacturer, Bridgwater-sq, and

Monkwell-st, Falcon-sq.

baron had held many diplomatic appointments
between the years 1821 and 1858. He was the
cn'y son of the Right Hon. James Abercromby,
Spaker of the House of Commons, afterwards
Baron Dunfermline, and died July 12 last, at
the age of sixty-five, leaving an only child, the
Hon. Mary Catherine Elizabeth Abercromby.-
The will of John Ward-Boughton-Leigh, Esq. J.P.,
D.L., of Brownsover-hall, near Rugby, Warwick-
shire, and Guilsborough-park, Northamptonshire,
was proved in the London Court by his relict and
his three sons, Edward Allesley Boughton Ward-
Boughton-Leigh, Esq., the Rev. Theodosius Eger- PEPPER, GALES, chemist, New Brompton. Pet. Oct. 30.
ton Ward-Boughton-Leigh, M.A., vicar of New-
bold-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, and the Rev.
Egerton L. B. Ward-Boughton-Leigh, B.A., the
joint acting executors. The personalty was
sworn under 14,000l. The testator married, in
1811, Theodosia de Malsburgh, daughter and
heir of the late Sir Egerton Leigh, Bart. The
will is dated Feb. 24, 1857, and the testator
died June 18th last, at the age of seventy-
seven. He has bequeathed to his wife all his
furniture, plate, jewels, pictures, his carriages
and horses, cattle and farming implements, wines
and consumable articles; and after the decease of
his wife, he leaves the plate and jewels to his eldest
son, Edward, as heirlooms. He also leaves to his
wife a life interest in the residue of his personal
estate, and after her decease the interest arising
therefrom to be equally divided among his four
daughters; and after the decease of the last
surviving daughter, the principal to be applied
to the purchase of land near to the family
estates in Warwickshire and Northampton-
shire. To each of his daughters he has secured
an annuity of 150l. His younger sons are also
provided for. His real estates he has left to
his eldest son.-The will of the Right Hon. and
Rev. William Nevill, Earl of Abergavenny, of
Eridge Castle, Sussex, Birling Manor, Kent, and
58, Portland-place, London, was proved in Her
Majesty's Court of Probate by his countess and
Mr. Ralph Merrick Leeke, the acting executors,
power being reserved to Sir Walter Buchanan
Riddell. The personalty was sworn under 300,0007.
The will was executed in 1864, and two codicils
1865-67; and his Lordship died Aug. 17 last, aged
seventy-six. The testator leaves to his widow and
his eldest daughter, Lady Caroline Emily each a
legacy of 50007.;

Pet. Oct. 31. O. A. Edwards. Sols.
Rooks and Co., Eastcheap. Sur. Nov. 18
MAYNARD, WILLIAM; and MAYNARD, EDWARD, sawyers, Penge.
Pet. Oct. 31. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol. Parry, Croydon.
Sur. Nov. 19
MILLS, WILLIAM JESSE, type dealer, Deptford and Sydenham.
Pet. Nov. 3. Reg. Pepys. O A. Graham. Sol. Hutson, Upper
Clifton-st, Finsbury. Sur. Nov. 24

MORGAN, GEORGE COSMO, late agent for the sale of stocks, Ascot.
Pet. Nov. 3. Reg. Murray. O. A. Parkyns. Sol. Murray, Great
St. Helen's. Sur. Nov. 16

MUSHET, WILLIAM BOYD, surgeon, Colney Hatch. Pet. Nov. 4.
Reg. Murray. O. A. Parkyns. Sols. Winter, Williams, and Co.,
Bedford-row. Sur. Nov. 16

Reg.
Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sols. Lewis, Munns. and Co., Old Jewry
Sur. Nov. 19

PRICE, WILLIAM HENRY, late cheesemonger, Torriano-avenue,
Pet. Nov. 2. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol. Trimmer,
Lincoln's-inn-fields. Sur. Nov. 24

READING, CHARLES, straw plait dealer, Chesham. Pet. Oct. 30.
Reg. Popys. O. A. Graham. Sol. Edwards, Bush-la, Cannon-
st. Sur. Nov. 24

ROBINSON, EDWARD GEORGE, out of business, Tredegar-ter,
North Bow. Pet. Oct. 29. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol.
Buchanan, Bssinghall-st. Sur- Nov. 17
ROBOTTOM, THOMAS, stockbroker's clerk, Canterbury-rd, Ball's.
pond. Pet. Oct. 31. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sols. Foy
and Co., Gresham-house. Snr. Nov. 19
SCHOFIELD, AMOS, builder, Grebe-ter, Rotherhithe. Pet. Oct. 31.
Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham.
Sur.
Sol. Dobie, Basinghall-st.
Nov. 24

THE GAZETTES. Professional Partnerships Dissolbed.

Gazette, Oct. 30.

ROBERTS, KENNETH BULLEN, and AUSTIN, RICHARD Freer, solicitors, Moorgate-st. Oct. 17

Bankrupts.

Gazette, Nov. 6.

To surrender at the Bankrupts' Court, Basinghall-st. BALL, GEORGE, out of business, Park-st, Stoke Newington. Pet. Nov. 3. Reg. Roche. O. A. Parkyns. Sol. Watson, Basing hall-st. Sur. Nov. 18

BARNES, JOHN, carpenter, Brockley-ter, Peckham-rye. Pet. Sept. 2. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol. Howard, Paternosterrow Sur. Nov. 24

BUTLER, JAMES, boot manufacturer, London-rd, Southwark. Pet. Nov. 3. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol. Cooper, Lincoln'sinn-fields. Sur. Nov. 24

CLARK, ROBERT, labourer, Ely. Pet. Nov. 4. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sols. Flux and Co., Great St. Helen's, for Messrs. Tillett, Norwich. Sur. Nov. 24

CLAY, GEORGE COX, bill broker, Wandsworth-common. Oct. 31.
Reg. Brougham. O. A. Edwards. Sol. Breden, Union-ct, Old
Broad-st. Sur. Nov. 18

COLE, JOHN, bookseller, Norfolk-ter, Bayswater. Pet. Nov. 3.
O. A. Edwards. Sol. Reed, Guildhall-chambers, Basinghall-st.
Sur. Nov. 25
COOPER, JOHN, farmer, Little Maplestead, near Halstead. Pet.
Nov. 2. O. A. Edwards. Sol. Evans, John-st, Bedford-row.
Sur. Nov. 18

COOPER, ROBERT, farmer, Otten Belchamp. Pet. Nov. 2. Reg.
Murray. O. A. Parkyns. Sols. Evans and Laing, John-st,
Bedford-row. Sur. Nov. 16

CRIMP, WILLIAM, carpenter, Dale-rd, Kentish-town. Pet. Nov. 2. Reg. Murray. O. A. Parkyns. Sols. Barton and Drew, Fore-st. Sur. Nov. 16

DANIELS, THOMAS ISAAC, attorney, Norfolk-ter, Hammersmith, and Fore-st, City. Pet. Nov. 2. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol. Daniel, Fore-st. Sur. Nov. 24

DESBOROUGH, SPENDLOVE, agent, Trinidad-pl, Islington. Pet.
Oct. 2. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol. Lewis, The Terrace,
Putney. Sur. Nov. 19
GAUNTLETT, EDWARD, accountant, China-walk, Chelsea. Pet.
Oct. 31. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol. Biddles, South-sq,
Gray's-inn. Sur. Nov. 24

GITTINS, ANN, general shop keeper, Bridge-ter, Kensal-green.
Pet. Nov. 3. Reg. Murray. O. A. Parkyns. Sol. Steadman,
London-wall. Sur. Nov. 18

HARLING, WILLIAM, journeyman telegraph instrument maker,
Twyford-st, Silvertown. Pet. Nov. 2. Reg. Murray. O. A.
Parkyns. Sol. Godfrey, Hatton-garden. Sur. Nov. 16
HOWARD, MARY, carman, Powis-st, Woolwich. Pet. Nov. 4.
0. A. Edwards. Sol. Wright, Chancery-la. Sur. Nov. 18

SMITH, WILLIAM CHARLES, sen., provision merchant, Old Kent. rd. Pet. Nov. 3. Reg. Murray. O. A. Parkyns. Sol. Nind, Basinghall-st. Sur. Nov. 16 SPENCER, ALFRED, victualler, North Woolwich-rd. Pet. Nov. 4. Reg. Roche. O. A. Parkyns. Sol. Angell, Guildhall-yard. Sur. Nov. 18 WHEATON, RICHARD, mercantile clerk, Park-st, Stoke Newington. Pet. Nov. 4. Reg. Roche. 0. A. Parkyns. Sol. Har. wood, Cannon-st. Sur. Nov. 18

To Surrender in the Country. ADAMSON, HENRY, shopkeeper, Westgate. Pet. Nov. 2. Reg. & O. A. Mason. Sol. Barratt, Wakefield: Sur. Nov. 21

AULT, WILLIAM, boot maker, Longport. Pet. Nov. 3. Reg. &
BARNES, WILLIAM, fish dealer, Great Yarmouth. Pet. Oct. 22.

O. A. Slaney. Sols Messrs. Tennant, Hanley. Sur. Nov. 21
Reg. & O. A. Chamberlin. Sur. Nov. 20

BARRETT, ARTHUR, stone mason, Donhead Saint Andrew. Pet.
Oct. 30. Reg. & O. A. Burridge. Sol. Chitty, Shaftesbury. Sur.
Νον. 19
BAXENDALE, WILLIAM, joiner, Collyhurst. Pet. Oct. 27. Reg.
Macrae. Ó. A. Harris. Sols. Boote and Rylance, Manchester.
Sur. Nov. 2

BENNETT, WILLIAM, beerseller. Tunstall. Pet. Nov. 3. Reg. &
O. A. Challinor. Sol. Sutton, Burslem. Sur. Nov. 23

BLATCHFORD, JOHN, late paper manufacturer, Rickford. Pet. BORTON, FRANCIS CARR, and DOLBY, JOHN MARKILLIE, oll

Nov. 3. Reg. & O. A. Harley and Gibbs. Sur. Nov, 20

merchants, Cheadle. Pet. Nov. 2. Reg. Fardell. O. A. Harris. Sol. Stringer, Manchester. Sur. Nov. 23

BRAND, ROBERT, out of business, Stockton-on-Tees. Pet. Nov. 3.
O. A. Young. Sol. Walker, Leeds. Sur. Nov. 16
BROAD, GEORGE WINSTONE, builder, Horfield. Pet. Nov. 3. Reg.
& O. A. Harley and Gibbs. Sur. Nov. 20
CHEADLE, JAMES, formerly grocer, Longton. Pet. Nov. 2. Reg.
& O. A. Keary. Sol. Hawley, Longton. Sur. Nov. 20
CHESWORTH, WILLIAM, porter, Newton, near Manchester. Pet.
Nov. 2. Reg. & O. A. Kay. Sol. Gardner, Manchester. Sur.
Nov. 17
CHILD, WILLIAM, retail brewer, Birmingham. Pet. Nov. 3. Reg
& O. A. Guest. Sol. Rowlands, Birmingham. Sur. Nov. 20
CLEGG, JOHN, merchant, Manchester. Pet. Oct. 27. Reg.
Macrae. O. A. Harris. Sol. Leigh, Manchester. Sur. Nov. 20
DALE, THOMAS, grocer, Crook. Pet. Nov. 2. Reg. & O. A.
Trotter. Sol. Hutchinson, Bishop Auckland. Sur. Nov. 19
DANKS, WILLIAM, roller dealer, Kingswinford. Pet. Nov. 4.
Reg. & O. A. Harward. Sol. Stokes, Dudley. Sur. Nov. 23
DOUGHERTY, MICHAEL, fish dealer, Uttoxeter. Pet. Nov. 2.
Reg. Hill. O. A. Kinnear. Sols. Bagshaw, Uttoxeter; and
Walford, Birmingham. Sur. Nov. 18
DYKE, ALFRED GEORGE, beer retailer, Bristol. Pet. Nov. 3.
Reg. & O. A. Harley and Gibbs. Sur. Nov. 20
EARNSHAW, WILLIAM, victualler, Sheffield.

Pet. Nov. 3. Reg.

& O. A Wake and Rodgers. Sol. Micklethwaite, Sheffield. Sur. Nov. 18

FIRTH, JOHN, and HOLMES, JEREMIAH, blacksmiths. Haworth. Pet. Nov. 4. O. A. Busfeild. Sol. Robinson, Keighley. Sur. Nov. 18

GARNER, EBENEZER COSTER, butcher, Melbourne, co. Cambridge. Pet. Oct. 28. Reg. & O. A. Carver. Sol. Ellison, Cambridge. Sur. Nov. 18

GILBERTHORPE, WILLIAM, confectioner, Chesterfield. Pet.
Nov. 4. O. A. Young. Sol. Cutts, Chesterfield; Messrs.
Binney, Sheffield. Sur. Nov. 18

HAKES, GEORGE, greengrocer, Queen's cottages, St. John's.
wood. Pet. Nov. 4. Reg. & O. A. Phillips. Sol. Noble, Hull.
Sur. Nov. 17
HARRIS, JAMES, fire iron maker. Birmingham. Pet. Oct. 26.
Reg. & O. A. Guest. Sol. Allen, Birmingham. Sur. Nov. 20
HART, FREDERICK JOHN, straw board dealer, Manchester. Pet.
Nov. 2. Reg. Macrae. Ó. A. Harris. Sol. Peacock, Manchester.
Sur. Nov, 20

HEYWOOD, JOHN, carter, Oldham. Pet. Nov. 4. Reg. & O. A.
Tweedale Sol. Ascroft, Oldham. Sur. Nov. 25
HAYLLAR, PRICE, lodging-house keeper, Brighton. Pet. Nov. 2.
Reg. & O. A. Evershed. Sol. Runnacles, Brighton. Sur. Nov. 21
HAYWARD, WILLIAM, commercial clerk, Birkenhead. Pet. Nov, 2.
O. A. Turner. Sol. Bellringer, Liverpool. Sur. Nov. 17
HOWE, EDWIN SILAS, professor of music, Manchester. Pet.
Nov. 2. Reg. & O. A. Kay, Sol. Walmsley, Manchester. Sur.
Nov. 17
JACKSON, THOMAS, in lodgings, Lancaster. Pet. Nov. 4. Reg.
Macrne. O. A. Harris. Sols. Sale, Shipman, Seddon, and Sale,
Manchester; and Messrs. Sharp, Lancaster. Sur. Nov. 20
JACKSON, THOMAS, jun, butcher, Peterborough. Pet. Oct. 28.
Reg. & O. A. Gaches. Sol. Law, Stamford. Sur. Nov. 21
JOHNSON, JOSEPH, grocer, Appleby. Pet. Nov. 2. Reg. & O. A.
Dewes. Sol. Smith, Derby. Sur. Nov. 14

Pet.

JONES, THOMAS, draper, Porth, near Pontypridd. Pet. Oct. 24.
Reg. Wilde. O. A. Acraman. Sols. Beckingham, Bristol; and
Spickett and Price, Pontypridd. Sur. Nov. 18
KENN, JOHN, labourer, Knaresborough. Pet. Oct. 30. Reg. &
O. A. Gill. Sol. Mann, York. Sur. Nov. 19
MARRIOTT, SAMUEL WHEATCROFT, grocer, Notting ham.
Nov. 3. Reg. Tudor. O. A. Kinnear. Sol. Everall, Nottingham.
Sur. Nov. 17
MARTIN, JOHN, Jun., victualler, Liverpool. Pet. Nov. 4. O. A.
Turner. Sol. Tyrer, Liverpool. Sur. Nov. 19
MARTINDALE, FRANCIS, victualler, Cheltenham. Pet. Nov. 2.
Reg. Wilde. O. A. Acraman. Sols. Skipper, Cheltenham; and
Press, Inskip, and Thomas, Bristol. Sur. Nov. 18
MASON, BENJAMIN, miner. Kingswinford. Pet. Nov. 2.
O. A. Harward. Sol. Stokes, Dudley. Sur. Nov. 23
MATTHEWS, ROBERT, store dealer, Bristol. Pet. Nov. 2. Reg. &
O. A. Harley and Gibbs. Sol. Beckingham. Sur. Nov. 10

Reg. &

Pet. Sur.

Nov. 17
REYNOLDS, TOM, seedsman, Ross. Pet. Nov. 3. Reg. Hill. O. A.
Sols. James and Griffin, Birmingham. Sur. Nov. 18
RICHARDS, THOMAS,
Pet.
fishmonger, Weston-super-Mare.
Nov. 3. Reg. & O. A. Davies. Sol. Chapman, Weston-super-
Mare. Sur. Nov. 17

SHAW, HENRY, hay dealer, Todmorden. Pet. Oct. 31. Reg. &
O. A. Eastwood. Sol. Blomley, Todmorden. Sur. Nov. 20
SOAR, JOSEPH, bronze powder merchant, Nottingham. Pet.
Nov. 3. Reg. Tudor. O. A. Kinnear. Sol. Ashwell, Notting-

THOMAS, PETER, groom, Llanbadarnfawr. Pet. Oct. 21.
O. A. Jenkins. Sol. Jones, Atwood. Sur. Nov. 20
THWAITES, GEORGE, late joiner, Leeds. Pet. Oct. 24.
O. A. Marshall. Sol. Hardwicke, Leeds. Sur. Nov. 19
VAUGHAN, JOHN, farm labourer, Penyrwlodd. Pet. Oct. 31.
Reg. & O. A. Williams. Sol. Simons, Merthyr Tydfil. Sur.
Nov. 19
VAUGHAN, THOMAS, farm labourer, Penyrwlodd. Pet. Oct. 31
Reg. & O. A. Williams. Sol. Simons, Merthyr Tydfill. Sur.
VERNON, SAMUEL, estate agent, Ashton-under-Lyne. Pet. Nov. 4.
Reg. Macrae. O. A. Harris. Sols. Marsland and Addleshaw,
Manchester. Sur. Nov. 19
WALKER, EDWARD CHARLES MEDLLE; and JONES, DAVID
ALLEN, timber merchants, Liverpool. Pet. Oct. 29. O. A.
Turner. Sols. Hull, Stone, and Fletcher, Liverpool. Sur.
Nov. 18
WHITNEY, ANN, widow, Hereford. Pet. Nov. 4. Reg. & O. A.
Reynolds. Sol. Llanwarne, Hereford. Sur. Dec. 1
WILLETT, ABRAHAM, plumber, Traumere. Pet. Oct. 31.
O. A. Wason. Sol. Bretherton, Birkenhead. Sur. Nov. 14
WILLIAMS, THOMAS, formerly shipwright, Tranmere. Pet. Nov. 3.
Reg. & O. A. Hime. Sol. Ritson, Liverpool. Sur. Nov. 16
WINTERHALDER, MATTHEW, jeweller, Falmouth. Pet. Nov. 2.
Reg. & O. A. Tilly. Sol. Jenkins, jun., Falmouth. Sur.
Nov. 16

YORK, THOMAS, grocer, Kettering. Pet. Nov. 2.
Lamb. Sol. Henry, Wellingborough. Sur. Nov. 13

To surrender at the Bankrupts' Court, Basinghall-st. APPLEYARD, EDMUND, out of business, Landsdowne-ter, Beth. nal-green. Pet. Nov. 7. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol. Padmore, Union-ct, Old Broad st. Sur. Nov. 24 CATTLE, JOSEPH WALTER BUTTER, commercial traveller, New Bridge-st; and Egbert-villas, Thornton-heath. Pet. Nov. 6. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol. Shepherd, Coleman-st. Sur. Nov. 24 COALES, DAVID, no occupation, Ealing. Pet. Nov. 5. Reg. Murray. O. A. Parkyns. Sol. Biddles, South-sq, Gray's-inn. Sur. Nov. 233

COCKS, THOMAS AYRIS, journeyman potter. Bridge-rd west, Battersea. Pet. Nov. 6. Reg. Murray. O. A. Parky as. Sol. Stuart, New-inn, Strand. Sur. Nov. 23

COOPER, JOHN, out of business, Bangor-ct, Southwark. Pet. Nov. 3. O. A. Edwards. Sols. Messrs. Digby, Lincoln's-innflelds. Sur. Nov. 25

COOPER, WILLIAM, coal dealer, Staines. Pet, Nov. 6. Reg. epys. O. A. Graham. Sol. Haynes, Serle-st, Lincoln's-inn. Sur. Nov. 21

COTTRELL, FREDERICK, journeyman butcher, Leather la. Pet.
Nov. 3. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol. Biddles, South-sq,
Gray's-inn. Sur. Nov. 24
CRISP, JOHN, bootmaker, Orchard-st, Islington.

Pet. Nov. 5. Reg. Murray. O. A. Parkyns. Sol. Scarth, Welbeck-st, Cavendish-sq. Sur. Nov. 23

Sol.

DIBLEY, WILLIAM, brushmaker. Tachbrook-st, Pimlico; and
Horseferry-rd, Westminster. Pet. Nov. 5. Reg. Pepys. O. A.
Graham. Sol. Pittman, Guildhall-chambers. Sur. Nov. 24
EATWELL, EDWARD WILLIAMS, banker's clerk, Sekforde-st,
Clerkenwell. Pet. Nov. 7. Rez. Murray. O A. Parkyns.
Kimber, Great Winchester-st-bldgs. Sur. Nov. 23
FAIRMAN, JAMES, out of business, Grafton crescent, Kentish-
town. Pet. Nov. 5. O. A. Edwards. Sol. Edwards, Bush- la,
Cannon.st. Sur. Nov. 25
FRANCIS, WALTER CHARLES, manager to a mat manufacturer,
Southwark-bridge-rd. Pet. Nov. 5. Reg. Murray. O. A. Par.
kyns. Sol Dob'e, Gresham-st. Sur. Nov. 23
GARDEN &R, HENRY, fruit dealer, Wrotham. Pet. Nov. 5. Reg.
Murray. O. A. Parkyns. Sol. Hooper, Clifford's-inn, Fleet-st.
Sur. Nov. 23

HIDVEGHY, SIGMUND, out of business, Mountford-rd, Dalston.
Pet. Nov. 5. Reg. Murray. O. A. Parkyns. Sol. Roberts,
Moorgate-st. Sur. Nov. 23
HOLRROW, JOHN JAMES, ont of business, Archer-st, Bayswater.
Pet. Nov. 2. O. A. Edwards. Sols. Messrs. Hodgkinson, Little
Tower-st. Sur. Nov, 25
INGALL, JOSEPH, house decorator, Charles st, City-rd. Pet.
Nov. 3. Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol. Biddles, South-sq.
Gray's-inn. Sur. Nov, 26

MANERO, ALEJANDRO ANTONIO, assistant to a wine merchant,
Millman-st, Bedford-row, and Great St. Helens. Pet Nov. 5.
Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sols. Messrs. Lewis, Ely-pl,
Holborn. Sur. Nov. 24

MIALL, THOMAS DREW PULLMAN, cabinet maker, Ebury-st.
Pimlico. Pet. Nov. 6. O. A. Edwards. Sol. Beard, Basinghall-
st. Sur. Nov. 25
O. A.

MUNCEY, ALFRED, architect, East Acton. Pet. Nov. 4.
Edwards. Sol. Parkes, Beaufort bldgs, Strand. Sur. Nov. 25
NAYLOR, JOHN, volunteer drill instructor, Tachbrook-st, Pimlico.
Pet Nov. 6. Reg. Murray. O. A. Parkyns. Sol. Bucha an,
Bas'nghall-st. Sur. Nov. 23

NEWBOLD, JAMES, common brewer, Enfield. Pet. Nov. 7. Reg. Рерув. O. A. Graham. Sol. Spicer, Great Marlow. Sur. Nov 24

PAINE, JOHN: SLAUGHTER. JOHN; and AMOR, EDWARD
GEORGE, engineers, Woodfield.rd, Harrow rd. Pet Nov 3,
Reg. Pepys. O. A. Graham. Sol. Lambert, Lower Thames-st.
Sur. Nov. 24

PASCALL, GEORGE WILLIAM, jun., wine merchant, Rochford.
Pet. Nov. 5. O. A. Edwards. Sol. Crafter, Blackfriars-rd. Sur.
Nov. 25
PIKE, JOHN, aocountant, Clarence-st, Islington; and St. Mary's
Axe. Pet. Nov. 5. O. A. Edwards. Sol. Miller, Fenchurch-st
Sur. Nov. 25
SARGENT, JOSEPH, licensed victualler, late Lower Norwood. Pet.
Nov. 6. Reg. Murray. O. A. Parkyns. Sol. Dobie, Gresham-st.
Sur. Nov. 23
SMITH, AUGUST, out of business, White Hart-yard, Holborn.
Pet. Nov. 5. O. A. Edwards. Sol. Harrison, Basinghall-st.
Sur. Nov. 23

SPARROW, JACOB, grocer, Canterbury. Pet. Nov. 3. O. A
Edwards. Sols. Doyle and Edwards, Verulam-bldgs, Gray's-
inn; and De Lasaux, Canterbury. Sur Nov. 25
STEVENS, WILLIAM, jun., gasfitter, St. John-st, Smithfield. Pet.
Nov. 6. O. A. Edwards. Sol. Dobie, Basinghall-st. Sur.
Nov. 25

STIMPSON, THOMAS, picture dealer, Oxford-st. Pet. Nov. 7. Reg.
Murray. O. A. Parkyns. Sol. Pearce, Giltspur-st. Sur. Nov. 23
TAYLOR, JOHN JASPER, licensed victualler, St. Andrew's-st.
Wandsworth-rd. Pet. Nov. 7. O. A. Edwards. Sols. Nash and
Co., Suffolk-la. Sur. Nov. 30

To Surrender in the Country. BARLOW, CHARLES HUBERT, commercial clerk, Aston. Pet. Nov. 3. Reg. & O. A. Guest. Sol. Beaton, Birmingham. Sur. Nov. 30

BORER, JOHN, out of business, Birmingham. Pet. Oct. 20. Reg.
& O. A. Gucet. Sol. Parry, Birmingham. Sur. Nov. 20
BOWLER, ISAAC, carter, Manchester. Pet. Nov. 6. Reg. & O. A.
Kay. Sols. Sutton and Elliott. Manchester. Sur. Dec. 1
BRAUND, WILLIAM. retired farmer, Parkham. Pct. Nov. 4.
Reg.&O. A. Rooker. Sol. Bencraft, Barnstaple. Sur. Nov. 23
BUNTING, JOSEPH, journeyman glazier, Great Bridge. Pet.
Nov. 6. Reg. & O. A. Walker. Sol. Sargent, Birmingham. Sur.
Nov. 25

CROSSLAND, FREDERICK WILLIAM, stockbroker, Huddersfield.
Pet. Oct. 27. O. A. Young. Sols. Messrs. Shirreff, Austinfriars;
and Hopps, Leeds. Sur. Nov. 23
DAVIS, OWEN, builder, Dolgelley. Pet. Nov. 7. Reg. & O. A.
Walker. Sol. Williams, Dolgelley. Sur. Nov. 23
FAULDS, JAMES RYMER, accountant, Birkenhed.

Pet. Nov. 7. Reg. & O. A. Wason. Sol. Anderson, Birkenhead. Sur. Nov. 21 FLETCHER, WILLIAM, innkeeper, Fulshaw, near Alderley. Pet. Nov. 6. Reg. Macrae. O. A. Harris. Sols. Wilson and Brown, Manchester. Sur. Nov. 27

GALILEE, JOHN, sizing boiler, Dewsbury. Pet. Nov. 5. Rez, &
O. A. Nelson. Sols. Messrs. Chadwick, Dewsbury. Sur. Nov, 25
GRIEVSON, JOHN, shoe dealer, Middlesbrough. Fot. Nov. 5. Rer.
& O. A. Crosby. Sol. Bainbridge, Middlesbrough. Sur. Nov. 27
HALBEARD, GEORGE, accountant clerk, Birmingham. Pet. Oct. 16
Reg. & 0. A. Guest. Sol. Parry, Birmingham. Eur. Nov. 20
HANKINSON, FREDERICK BENJAMIN, grecer, Great Bridge,
Nov. 6. Reg. Hill. O. A. Kinnear. Sols. Mizers. Hodgson,
Birmingham. Sur. Nov, 25
Reg. &
Reg. &

HARRISON, THOMAS, b'acksmith. Altofts.
O. A. Mason. Sol, Wainwright, Wakefield.
HAZARD, SAMUEL, coach painter, Bristol.

Pet. Nov. 6. Sur. Nov. 24 Pet. Nov. 4.

Pet.

O. A. Harley and Gibbs. Sol. Hill Sur. Dec. 4 HIGGS, EDWARD, publican, Bristol. Pet. Nov. 5. Reg. Wilde. 0. A. Acraman. Sol. Buckland, Bristol. Sur. Nov. 20 HODGKINSON, WILLIAM, out of business, Tunstall. Pet. Nov. G. Reg. & 0. A. Challinor. Sol. Salt, Tunstall. Sur. Nov, 2 HOUGHT, MOSEY, wine merchant, Kingston-upon-Hull. Nov. 9. 0. A. Young. Sol. Bell, Hull. Sur. Nov. 23 HUGHES, JOHN, tailor, Bromsgrove. Pet. Nov. 5. Reg. Hill. O. A. Kinnear. Sols. Cobbett, Worcester; and James and Griffin, Blmingham. Sur. Nov. 25

Pet.

LEE, SMITH, in inufacturing chemist, Leeds. Pet. Nov. 6. O. A.
Young. Sol. Simpson, Leeds. Sur. Nov. 30

LEWIS, ANN, innkeeper, Newport. Pct. Nov, 5. Reg. & O. A.
Roberts. Sol. Lloyd, Hereford. Sur. Nov. 23
MAYON, EDWARD ARCHIBALD, tobacconist,
Liverpool. Pet. Nov. 5. Reg. & O. A. Hime.
Liverpool. Sur. Nov. 23

Kirkdale, near
Sol. Bellringer,
MARSH, THOMAS, pig buyer, Tylisa. Pet. Nov. 6. Reg. & O. A.
Harrison. Sol. Jones, Welshpool. Sur. Nov. 26
ORDERS, JAMES, grocer, Newport. Pet. Nov. 3. Reg. & O. A.
Roberts. Sol. Graham, Newport. Sur. Nov. 23
OVERTON, EDWARD BRIDGES, fishmonger, Seven Oaks, Pet.
Nov. 6. Reg. & O. A. Holcroft. Sol. Hicks, Francis-ter, Hackney
Wick. Sur. Nov. 25

PECK, AARON STOCK, bread maker, Blackpool. Pet. Nov. 6.
O. A. Turner. Sol. Jones, Manchester. Sur. Nov. 23
PINDER, JAMES (otherwise SYKES), engine fitter, Ristrick. Pet.
Nov. 5. Reg. & O. A. Rankin. Sol. Jubb, Halifax. Sur.
Nov. 27

RILEY, FRANCIS, grocer, Old Brinsley. Pet. Nov. 6. Reg. & O. A.
Patchitt. Sol. Belk, Nottingham. Sur. Dec. 23
ROBERTS, THOMAS, hammerman, Llantarnan, near Newport.
Pet. Oct. 2). Reg. & O. A. Roberts. Sol. Cathcart, Newport.
Sur. Nov. 23

RUSSELL, WILLIAM, grocer, Litton. Pet. Nov. 4. O. A. Mogg.
Sol. Clifton, Bristol. Sur. Nov. 17

SELLWOOD, JOHN, shoemaker, Kingweston. Pet. Nov. 5. Reg.
& O. A. Warren. Sol. Hobbs, Wells. Sur. Nov. 24
SHEPHERD, WILLIAM, grocer, Napton-on-the-Hill. Pet Nov. 3.
Reg. & O. A. Davies. Sol. Walker, Southain. Sur. Nov. 23
SMITH, JOHN, outfitter, Eckington. Pet. Nov. 6. O. A. Young.
Sols. Gee, Chesterfield; and Smith and Burdekin, Sheffield.
Sur. Dec. 2

SMITH, MARTHA, licensed victualler. Bowling. Pet. Oct. 30.
Rez. & O. A Robinson. Sol. Green, Bradford. Sur. Nov. 20
THOMAS, HENRY, carpenter, Maesteg, Pet. Nov. 6. Reg. & 0. A.
Morgan. Sol. Simons, Merthyr Tydfil, Sur. Nov. 23
TOPPER, JOHN, beerhouse keeper, Bowling. Pet. Nov. 6. Reg.
& O. A. Robinson. Sol. Berry, Bradford. Sur. Nov. 20
TRETWELL, SAMUEL, out of employ, Eastwood. Pet. Oct. 30.
Reg. & O. A. Ingle. Sol. Everall, Nottingham. Sur. Nov. 18
VERNON, THOMAS GRUMWELL, innkeeper, Alnwick. Pet. Nov. 5.
Reg. & O. A. Wilson. Sol. Cook, Alnwick. Sue, Nov. 20
VICKERS, JOHN THOMAS, tobacconist, Great Grimsby.
Nov. 7. O. A. Young. Sol. Summers, Hull. Sar. Nov. 25
WARD, ABRAHAM, out of business, Alfreton. Pct. Nov. 4. Reg.
& O. A. Hubbersty. Sols. Wilson and Birkenshaw, Alfreton.
Sur. Nov. 23
WHILEY, GEORGE, furniture dealer, West Bromwich. Pet.
Nov. 6. Reg. & O. A. Watson. Sol. Jackson, West Bromwich.
Sur. De 2

Pet.

WILSON, THOMAS, grocer, Stockton-on-Tees. Pet. Nov. 5. Reg.
&D. A Crosby, Sol. Dobson, Middlesborough. Sur. Nov. 25
WILSON, JOSEPII, butcher, Stockton-on-Tees. Pet. Nov. 5. Reg.
& O. A. Crosby. Sol. Griffin, Middlesbrough. Sur. Nov. 25
WOOLFREY, JOHN, jun., builder, Taunton. Pet. Nov. 7. O. A.
Carrick. Sol. Floud, Exeter. Sur. Nov. 21
WREN, CHARLES, cabinet maker, Liverpool. Pet. Nov. 4. O. A.
Turner. Sol. Pemberton, Liverpool. Sur. Nov. 27
WRIGHT, HENRIETTA, stay maker, Truro. Pet. Nov. 7. Reg. &
O. A. Chilcott. Sols. Carlyon and Paull, Truro. Sur. Nov. 91
BANKRUPTCIES ANNULLED.
Gizette, Nov. 3.

BARKHAM, ELIZA, market gardener, Ryde, Isle of Wight. Oct. 19 1866.

Gazette, Nov. 6.

ATWOOL, DAVID, merchant, Birkenhead. July 22, 1808 JONES, SAMUEL BRENT, coal merchant, Canal-wharf, Camdentown. July 19, 1864

Dividends.

BANKRUPTS' ESTATES.

The Oficial Assignees are given, to whom apply for the Dividends.

Paddeley, T. fronmonger, first, od. Kinnear, Birmingham.Biggs, S. builder, second, 18. id. (and 13s. 6d. on new proofs). Edwards, London.-Bulgin, F. G. paymaster R. N., first 2. ld. Edwards, London.--Hewitt, C. H. B. wine merchant, first, 1s. 1d. Kinnear, Birmingham.-Brown, W. potter, second, 24 Kinnear, Birmingham.-Coultress, J. draper, first 1s. Id. Edwards, London. -Henrie, V. C. wine merchant, first to new proofs, 5s. 1d. Ed. wards, London.-Jones, T. E. denler in silks, first, d. Parkyns, London.-Liter, F. restaurant proprietor, first, 24. Kinnear, Birmingham.-McCoskrie, J. victualler, first, 2. (on account of 3) Turner, Liverpool. Sanders, J. builder, first, 11d, Kinnear, Birmingham.-Soft, W. butcher, first, s. 34. Edwards, London. -Thorp, R. and Co. seed crushers, sixth, 18. Turner, Liverpool.Tom, T. gas apparatus manufacturer, second, 84. (and 114, to new proofs). Edwards, London. Trocell, F. linendraper, first, 1s. 7. Parkyns, London.-Watkins, W. farmer, first, 6. Kinnear, Birmingham. Wils, F. R. stockbroker, second, 24d. (and 1s. 7. on new proofs). Edwards, London.

INSOLVENTS' ESTATES.

Apply at the Provisional Assignees Office, Portugal-street, Lincoln's-inn-fields, between 11 and 2, on Tuesdays only.

Berkett, C. tobacconist, 18, 3d.—Kelly, E. clerk in custom house, G. Id. (making 20s.)-Pain, W. II. B. attorney, 20s.-Story, J. S. jun. gentleman, 12, 3d.--Stringer, C. ironmonger, 38. 8d.-Turner, W. H. paymaster H. M. S. Hastings, 48. 4d.

The Official Assignes is given, to whom apply for the Dividend. Truscott, J. B. formerly mining agent, fourth, 48. 4d. O, A. Acworth, County Court, Rochester.

Assignment, Composition, Juspectorship, and Trust Deeds.

Gazette, Nov. 6.

APPLERY, JAMES, grocer, Hanley. Oct. 28. 2s. 6d. in 48 hours after demand ATKINSON, THOMAS, grocer. Maryport. Sep. 23. Trusts. J. Atkinson, moulder, Maryport, and J. Thompson, miller, Harrington AUSTIN, GEORGE provision dealer, Biraingham. Oct. 20. Trusts. R. Reeve, grocer, and J. Chain, tobacconist, both Birminghim BENNETT, WILLIAM COX, watchmaker, Osborne pl, and Blackheath-ter, Shooter's-hill-rd. Oct. 1. Trusts. J. Troup, wholesale jeweller, Hatta-gda; 0. W. Simmonds, jeweller, CheapFile: and II. N. Williams, esquire, Hastings BRIGGS, EDMUND WALFORD, merchant, Liverpool. Oct. 30. Trast. II. W. Eddis, accountant, Liverpool BROWN, PETER, warehouseman, Gresham-st. Oct. 6. Trust.

J. F. Lovering, accountant, Gresham st CHAPMAN, EDWIN GEORGE, cachbuilder, Wolsey mews, Kentish-town-rd, and St. Augustine's-rd, Camden-town. Oct. 31. 2. 6d. by two equal instalment, at I and 3 mes COKER, JOHN, jun., builder, Tunbridge Wells, having contract works at Chitham and Greenlithe. Oct. 23. 68. 8. by two equal instalments, at 4 and 8 mos-secured. Trust. E. Stanway, commission agent, Liverpool-rd, Islington COLLINGWOOD, THOMAS, bookseller, Spennymoor. Oct. 9. 58.-24. on registration, 2s. on Jan. 14, and 1s, on March 12-secured DENT, JOHN, victualler, Finchley New-rd. Oct. 5. 1s. 6d.-Ed, in 1 mo, and 1s. in 3 mo

DE SANTA MARIA, JOSE SANCHEZ, gentleman, Nottingham-pl, Regent's pk. Oct. 29. 5s, on Nov. 7

DRAY, THOMAS, cheesemonger, Stratford. Oct. 9. 3. in 1 week DUHN, CATHERINE, court dress maker, New Burlington-st. Oct. 10. Trust. R. Pock, butcher, Bute-st, Brompton ELWELL, FRANCIS RICHARD, photographer. Weston-super-Mare. Oct. 12. Trusts, W. H. Beedle, cabinet-maker; W. Lawrence, butcher; and J. Perry, builder, all Weston-super-Mare FARLEY, GEORGE, beerhouse keeper, Walsall Oct. 16. 5s, by two equal instalments, at 6 and 12 mos. Trusts. H. P. Tipper, innkeeper. Willenhall

FARRELL, JOHN DOWDALL CHENERY, clerk in the royal arsenal, Pinstead. Oct. 28. 501, a year by half yearly payments, until debts are paid, first on March 31. Trust. M. S. C. F. Hardinge, clerk in the royal gun factories, Woolwich-arsenal GREW, RICHARD LEE, stationer, Birmingham. Oct. 6. Trusts. C. Penny, wholesale stationer, St. John-st, Smithfield, and W. G. Dixon, accountant, Birmingham HILL, JOHN, builder, Kenton-rd, South Hackney. Oct. 3. 2s. 6d. in 6 weeks from registration. Trust. E. Wells, ironmonger, Old-st-ra

HOLMES, CHARLES, victu iller, Portaea. Oct. 9. Trusts. J. I. Shaft, wine merchant, Portsea, and J. D. Caldecott, inaltster, Andover

JARVIS, SAMUEL, cooper, Newmarket All Saints, co. Cambridge. Oct. 9. 7x. l, on execution of deed

KNOWLES, WILLIAM, dealer in guano, Hull. Oct. 7. Trust. J. Plaxton, printer, Hull

LARKING, WILLIAM, farmer, Bramford. Oct. 9. Trusts. I. Thurman, corn chandler, and W. C. S. Edgecombe, accountant, both Ipswich

LOCKYER, JOHN, plumber, Blenheim-ter, Notting-hill. Oct. 12.
Trusts. H. Bourn, J. T. Boiding, and F. A. Clark
PARKER, LYSIMACHUS, farmer, Sixhills, co. Lincoln. Oct. 7.
Trusts, R. Favill, auctioneer, and T. Drakes, draper, both
Market Rasen

PARR, BERNARD, and PARR, FRANK, tailor, Alcester. Oct. 9.
Trust. F. W. Whittaker, accountant, Worcester

PHILLIPS, SAMUEL, and WESCOMBE, WILLIAM, bootmakers, Weston-super-Mare. Oct. 13. Trust. J. Bartlett, boot manu

facturers, Wrington

RAMSDEN, HENRY, the Forest, Walthamstow. Oct. 30. 1s. on Nov. 30

RAMSEY, FREDERIC, victualler, Plough-la, Clapham-junction. Oct. 20. 5s, on Dec. 1

ROSE, WILLIAM, hatter, Newcastle. Oct. 5. 11. by three equal instalments of 3s. 84, on Sept. 21 and at 8 and 12 mos-secured SHARP, GEORGE, draper, Shoreditch. Oct. 9. Trust. J. Ellerton, warehouseman, St. Paul's-churchyard

SILVESTER, RICHARD, publisher, Warwick-ct, Holborn. Oct. 8. 28. Gl, on Nov. 8

SKIDMORE, JOHN, tailor, Oldham, Oct. 8. Trust. D. Calverley, woollen manufacturer, Huddersfield

TAYLOR, THOMAS, brick merchant, Widnes and Warrington. Oct. 7. In full by three equal instalments of 68, 8. on Jan. 15, May 15, and Sept. 15. Trust. J. McClellan, chemical manufacturer, Widnes, and J. Lorothin, bookkeeper, Garston WELCH, WILLIAM, builder, Birmingham. Oct. 8. 7», Gd.—28, Gd. in 7 days, and 58. by two instalments, at 3 and 6 mos-secured WILKINS, GEORGE, timber merchant, Walworth-rd. Oct. 17. 5.-28, 64, in 14 days, and 2%, Gl. in 3 mos WOODS, NICHOLAS, innkeeper, Heacham. Oct. 10. Trust. C. Miller, brewer, King's Lynn

Gazetle, Nov. 10. ASHWELL, CHARLES, and TEBBS, JOHN WALTER, cheesemongers, South Hornsey. Oct. 24. 28. in 21 days BRAE, JOHN, bootmaker, Great Portland-st, Regent's-pk. Oct. 28. In full, by quarterly payments of 2s. 6d., the first payment to be made within 3 mos. from registration BROOKE, JOSEPH, timber merchant, Wakefield. Oct. 12. Trust. C. F. Smithson, Kingston-upon-Hull CLARK, JAMES, tailor, Sedgefield, near Stockton-upon-Tees. Oct. 7. Trust. J. Horsley, wholesale woollen draper, Newcastleupon-Tyne, and J. Thomson, warehouseman, Aberdeen COLES, MONTAGUE FREDERICK, farmer, Little Harrowden. Oct. 8. Trusts. T. Wallis, farmer, Kettering, and T. B. Turnell, farmer, Wellingborough

CRAWSHAW, JOHN, thread manufacturer, Manchester. Oct. 9. Trust. S. Smith, engraver, Manchester

DAVIES, DAVID JOHN, draper, Wrexham. Oct. 13. Trust. S. Watts, merchant, Manchester

GRADDON, JAMES, tobacconist, Taunton. Oct. 12. Trust. H. C. Lloyd, tobacconist, Exeter

JOHNSON, THOMAS REES, ironmonger, Liverpool. Nov. 2. Cs, &d, by four instalments, 18. in 2 mcs, 1s. in 3 mos, 2. in 6 mos, 28. 8. in 9 nos from registration- the last instalment secured. Trust. J. Thompson, draper, Liverpool

KESTERTON, JAMES, grocer, Wolverhampton. Oct. 12. Trusts. J. W. Bentley and M. Cullwick, commercial travellers, both Birmingham

LANT, FRANCIS ERNEST, and LANT, THOMAS JOSHUA, seedsmen, Birmingham. Oct. 10. Trust. W. J. Reeve, corn factor, Birminghaun

LAWES, ISAAC JOHN, and LAWES, ISAAC (trading as Bennett and Company), carriers, Bristol. Oct. 8. Trust. W. Fivash, wheelwright, Bristol

LODGE, ISRAEL, farmer, Featherstone. Oct. 12. Trust. W. Mitchell, sen., brewer, Castleford

LONGDEN, JOHN, flour dealer, Manchester. Oct. 13. 10s, by three equal instalments, on Oct. 30, Dec. 30, and Feb. 28 next-the two last secured. Trust. J. Longden, gentleman, Southport MORPHETT, FREDERICK WOOD, bankruptcy clerk, Norwood. Oct. 7. 001. a-year, by equal half yearly payments, the first payment on April 7 next, till all is paid in full. Trust. H. J. Hilliard, gentleman, Leyton

POLLARD, HENRY, Berlin wool dealer, Blackburn. Oct. 7. Trust. P. F. Turner, accountant, Blackburn

RICHARDS, WILLIAM, grocer, Bridgend. Oct. 10. 58. by two equal instalments, in 2 and 4 mos from registration. Trusts. W. Davies, grocer, Bridgend, and G. C. Sutton, accountant, Pontypridd

ROUND, JAMES, grocer, Tipton. Oct. 28. 6. by three equal instalments, at 1, 2, and 3 mos from registration. Trust. D. Dulley, jun., auctioneer's clerk, Tipton

SHEARS, GEORGE, bootmaker, Boziers-ct, Tottenham-ct-rd, and Murray-st, Hoxton. Oct. 26. 2s. 6d. in 1 mo from registration, and 18. in 2 mos from aforesaid payment. Trusts. F. Newell, leather merchant, Tabernacle-walk, Finsbury, and R. Fawsitt, leather merchant, Grange-rd, Bermondsey SWINDELL, GEORGE WILLIAM, corndealer, Wycombe-ter, Hornsey-rd. Oct. 23. 28. by two equal instalments in 1 and 3 mos from registration Nov. 7. Gs. by three equal instalments, on Feb. 7, June 7, and Oct. 7, 1869. Trusts. J. Rogers, accountant, Chester; J. Wadsley, farmer, Dunsley, near Bourne; and C. Boff, innkeeper, Chester

WADSLEY, GEORGE, chemist, Chester.

WATES, JAMES, jun., stationer, Woolwich. Sept. 4. 58. in 14 days from registration

WHITE, SAMUEL, mercer, Oswestry, Sept. 19. Trusts. J. White, farmer, Llanarmondy ffyn Ceiriog; S. Williams, farmer, Oswestry; and J. W. Davies, accountant, Oswestry

WROE, JAMES BIRCH, surgeon, Lower Broughton, near Manchester. Oct. 30. 78. 6d. on registration. Trust. M. Ridgway, draper, Salford

ERRATA. Gazette, Nor, 3.

FIELD, WILLIAM, corn merchant, Seething-la. Oct. 6. 2s. 34. (and not 24. 6., as previously advertised), in 14 days from registration

BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS.

BIRTH.

STREETEN. On the 8th inst., ut The Rosary, Richmond, the wife
of William Warren Streeten, Esq., barrister-at-law, of a son.
MARRIAGES.
MYBURGH-MCDONALD. On the 10th inst., at St. Matthew's
Church, Bayswater, Philip Albert Myburgh, Esq., of the Inner
Temple, barrister-at law, to Anna, elder daughter of Alexander
McDonald, Esq., of 30, Pembridge-gardens, Bayswater.

DEATHS. LLOYD.-On the 6th inst.. at Broadstairs, aged 35, Henry Lloyd, of 10, Endsleigh-street, Tavistock-square, and 10, Lincoln's-innfields, solicitor,

PLUMPTRE. On the 5th inst., at the Surrey County School, Cranleigh, aged 16, Algernon Frederic Charles, the beloved son of Charles John Plumptre, Esq., barrister-at-law, of No. 15, Belgrave-road, St. John's-wood. SAMUEL-On the 6th inst., at his residence, 23, Taviton street, Gordon-square, aged (2, Sampson Samuel, Esq.

PARTRIDGE AND COOPER

(Late PARTRIDGE and COZENS), WHOLESALE & RETAIL STATIONERS,

92, FLEET-STREET, AND 1 & 2, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON, E.C. Carriage paid to the Country on Orders exceeding 20%.

DRAFT PAPER, 48, 6., G., 78., 78. 9d., and 9. per ream.
BRIEF PAPER, 178. Gd., and 238, 6d, per ream.
FOOLSCAP PAPER, 108, 6., Bs. Gd., and 18%, tid, per ream.
CREAM LAID NOTE, B., 18., and 58. per ream.
LARGE CREAM LAID NOTE, 18., 6., and 78. per ream.
LARGE BLUE NOTE, S., 4., and Gs, per ream.
ENVELOPES, CREAM OR BLUE, 48. 6., and 62. Gd. per 1600.
THE “TEMPLE" ENVELOPE, extra secure, 9×, fid, per 1000.
FOOLSCAP OFFICIAL ENVELOPES, 18. 9d. per 100,

BRITISH and FOREIGN

LIFE and FIRE ASSURANCE COMPANY,
ESTABLISHED 1824.

Chief Office: BARTHOLOMEW-LANE, BANK,
LONDON, E.C.

Subscribed Capital, 5,000,0007,
Paid-up Capital, 550,0007.

BOARD OF DIRECTION.

President-Sir Moses Montefiore, Bart., F.R.S.
DIRECTORS.

James Alexander, Esq. (Alexander, Fletcher, and Co.) Charles George Barnett, Esq. Barnetts, Hoares, Hanburys, and Lloyd.)

George Henry Barnett, Esq., Glympton Park, Woodstock.
James Fletcher, Esq. Alexander, Fletcher, and Co.)
William Gladstone, Esq. Thomson, Bonar, and Co.
Right Hon. George Joachim Goschen, M.P.

Samuel Gurney, Esq., M.P. for Penryn and Falmouth.
James Helme, Esq. (Director of the Provincial Bank of
Ireland.)

Sir Curtis Miranda Lampson, Bart.

Sampson Lucas, Esq. (Lucas, Micholls, and Co.)
Elliot, Macnaghten, Esq. Member of the Indian Council.)
Thomas Masterman, Esq. Director of the Bank of England.)
Joseph Mayer Montefiore, Esq. (Director of the Provincial
Bank of Ireland.)

Sir Anthony De Rothschild, Bart., New Court.
Baron Lionel Nathan De Rothschild, M.P.
Thomas Charles Smith, Esq., Oxford-square, Hyde-park.
Auditors.

Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton, Bart., M.P.
Lord Richard Grosvenor, M.P.

Hugh Colin Smith, Esq., Hay's Wharf, Tooley-street.
Bankers-Messrs. Barnetts, Hoares, Hanburys, and Lloyd.
Solicitors-Messrs. Pearce, Phillips, and Pearces.
Physician-George Owen Rees, M.D., F.R.S.
Standing Counsel-Arthur Cohen, Esq.

THE ALLIANCE was established in 1824 for the purpose of carrying on the business of Life and Fire Assurance, and it has been the object of the Company, in its operations, to combine the highest public utility with the greatest permanent individual benefit to the Policyholders.

Considering the nature of the obligations involved, it is of paramount importance to the Assured that he should be connected with a Company possessing the elements of permanent security rendering it unquestionable that all engagements contracted will be faithfully discharged, however remote may be the event upon which the amount assured becomes payable. The long standing-the established credit and the resources of the ALLIANCE constitute a guarantee that all demands will be liberally met, and that the legitimate objects of the Policyholders will be fully realised.

FIRE DEPARTMENT. FIRE RISKS of an eligible character are accepted at the

current rates.

LIFE DEPARTMENT.

LIFE ASSURANCES in a variety of forms are granted on moderate terms and liberal conditions. Attention is specially directed to the company's ENDOWMENT ASSURANCE TABLES under which the amount of the Policies become payable at a given age, or at death, if it shall happen before the stipulated age is attained.

LIBERAL COMMISSIONS are allowed to Solicitors introducing business to the office. Prospectuses, Forms for proposals, and other papers will be furnished, free of charge, on application to

ROBERT LEWIS, Secretary. Loans are granted on the security of Life Interests, Reversions, and Freehold Property.

Chancellor, as if he had his axe ready sharpened for its roots, let them ponder whether this last-raised cry of "wolf" means anything more than the like cry, year after year, from men in high places, as long as the memory of middle-aged reformers carries them back into the past.

If there is any present chance of relief, it must be expected to come from the dozen noblemen and gentlemen who were appointed in November last, by the QUEEN, to inquire into the expediency of a Digest of Law, and the best means of accomplishing that object, and of otherwise exhibiting in a compendious and accessible form, the law as embodied in judicial decisions, and who, being thus appointed for such weighty purposes, incontinently made their first report within four months afterwards. They were appointed for counsel, and they recommended immediate action. The result might have been anticipated. Instead of a well planned campaign againt a redoubtable enemy, a petty guerilla attack was commenced. Three subjects were chosen without any consideration of their relation to the corpus juris or to one another. Mortgages, Bills of Exchange, and Easements, being always tolerably popular subjects, were pitched upon for competitors to try their hands, and three codified treatises on these subjects are imagined to serve as a kind of basis or nucleus, or what not, for the whole law of England. To discuss the prospects of a digest of the huge undigested mass from this plan of nibbling at two or three of its corners, would be so like the capricious work of some irresponsible body, that we beg leave to decline it. We prefer to throw light from the past on the darkness of the future, and to remind the Digest of Law Commission that they are beginning precisely as the Statute Law Commission began fifteen years ago, that is, by selecting subjects at random, and unconnected with any scheme as a whole. The old commission set to work con

solidating the statute law on Master and Servant, Executors and Administrators, Marriage, Bills of Exchange, and some others, and the work came to nothing. If the attempt at a consolidation in this manner miscarried, what reason is there for hoping that an attempt at a Digest of the Statute and Case Law in a similar manner is likely to be successful?

Yet the LORD CHANCELLOR does hope. He says he cannot avoid expressing the hope that the time may not be far distant when the reform of the statute book will receive from public opinion and from Parliament a greater and more earnest degree of attention than it has ever yet done. But of the ground of this hope we are not informed. Far be it from us to suppose that the glow of what the Premier praised as mediæval hospitality may have warmed the imagination of the distinguished orator on law reform, but accompanying his hope there is the discouraging admission that up to the present time, notwithstanding various commissions and superintendence by successive Lord Chancellors, and an ever-playing fountain of salaries and expenditure, statute law reform has never yet received the great and earnest attention due to it. It never will until the law is viewed for the purpose as a whole and mapped out as Sir MATTHEW HALE exhibited it, and after him Sir WILLIAM BLACKSTONE, in the Commentaries. When this is done, instead of choosing, for desultory operations, as the present commission is doing, fancy subjects, without any connection between them or any general plan, there may indeed be some hope of fruitful labour. Otherwise the Profession and the public will be deluded, year after year, with visions of something to be laid on the table in a very short time, and dreams of earnest attention at no very distant period.

to the time of his death, as to whether he died at the beginning or at the end of any particular period during those seven years. On the other hand, the doctrine in America is that a person once proved to be alive, is presumed to continue to live until there be proof of the contrary; at the end of seven years from the time he was last heard of the presumption of life ceases, and the opposite presumption of death takes its place. In the opinion of Chief Justice Breese, such a presumption is an arbitrary one, "but rendered necessary on grounds of public policy in order that rights depending upon the life or death of persons long absent and unheard of may be settled by some certain rule;" and he cites in support of it Burr v. Lyon, 4 Wheaton, 150; Bradley v. Bradley, Ibid. 173; Whitesides, appellee, 23 Penn. 114; Smith v. Knowlton, 11 New Hamp. 191; Newman v. Jenkins, 10 Pick. 515; Loring v. Steinman, 1 Mort. (Miss.) 211; Eagle v. Emmet, 4 Bradf. (Surrogate R.) 117; Clark's executor v. Camelford, 2 McCarter (W. J.) 119. On the other hand, whilst approving the English rule, he does so in the mildest form. He says, "The rule as stated in Knight v. Nepean (supra), and which is the authority in Best, 191, is not a a bad rule, and might be recognised here without any detriment to the rights of these parties." Evidently the English rule is the best where it is not desired to fix any particular time for the death of the person. And we do not perceive that such a desire can very frequently arise, except in the case of a person desiring to set aside the limitation. The common law indeed, in accordance with the civil law, adopted the principle that the continuation of life should be presumed until the contrary was shown. The statute of 1 Jac. 1, c. 11, s. 2, in relation to bigamy, and 19 Car. 2, c. 6, in relation to leases determinable on lives innovated upon this doctrine, by the establishment of a rule which was afterwards adapted by way of analogy, to cases not within the province of these statutes, so that it has come to be regarded as a settled principle that the absence of a party for seven years, without any intelligence being received of him within that time, raises the presumption that he is dead. We should not in any way desire to see the English law carried back to its condition before the passing of these statutes.

AMERICAN DECISIONS ON THE RIGHTS

AND LIABILITIES OF RAILWAYS.

THE Supreme Court of Illinois has decided that when a passenger on a railroad refuses to pay his fare, he may be ejected from the cars at any regular station, but not elsewhere. And that if a passenger is ejected for that cause, at any place other than a regular station, it is a viola. tion of the statute, for which the road must pay at least nominal damages; but whether the recovery should be beyond that will depend upon the circumstances attending the expulsion. It was held in the same case that where the passenger wantonly refuses to pay his fare, simply insisting upon riding in the cars without paying for it, and is ejected by the conductor at a point two miles distant from a regular station, but in a manner free from indignity toward the passenger, who was subjected to no other injury or inconvenience by the expulsion than that of being obliged to walk to the station, which he could have avoided by paying his fare, he is not entitled to recover anything beyond nominal damages.

In another case it was ruled on the subject of fencing that where two railroad companies are using the same line of road, one company being the owner, and the other company using the road by its permission, the company owning the track is liable for damages done by reason of an unfenced track, by the trains of the other company, the same as if done by its own trains.

And it would seem the court also decided that in such a case the company by whose train the stock was killed, is also liable, therefore, for presuming to use the road of another company fenceless and unprotected.

A third case has decided the following points concerning the negligence of companies in omitting to give signals:

damages for injuries; the injury must be shown by circumstances, at least, to have been the consequence of, or caused by such neglect.

2. And while railroad companies should be held to a strict accountability for the omission of duties enjoined by statute, such as giving the signal continuously the required distance, on approaching a crossing, and erecting and maintaining warning boards at such crossings, on the other hand, individuals must be required to do their whole duty. It is the imperative duty of persons travelling on a public road crossed by a railroad on the same level, to use all the faculties they have, on approaching the crossing, to discover a train not only by listening for bell or whistle, but to look out by all means, whether there be a warning board or not to enjoin that duty upon them, they must use all reasonable means in their power to prevent accidents.

3. And where a person on approaching a railroad crossing with a team does not avail himself of his sense of sight and hearing, when, by the proper exercise of it, he could have avoided a collision, he will be regarded as unusually negligent on his part, though the bell was not continuously rung, or the whistle sounded.

In this case, which was a suit to recover damages for an injury to the plaintiff and his team, by a collision with a locomotive at a road crossing, while a majority of the court gave noopinion on the question of relative negligence, Mr. Justice Breese, who delivered the opinion, regarded the conduct of the plantiff in failing to exercise proper caution in approaching the crossing, as contributing very essentially to produce the accident, and says that in cases quite similar to this very respectable courts have ruled against the plaintiff, manifesting the same degree of negligence.

RATIFICATION BY AN INFANT. THIS term has provided us with a new decision upon the above question which has been illustrated by so many decisions already. In a case reported by us last week (Rowe v. Hopwood, 19 L.T. Rep. N. S. 261, Q. B.) it was held that where ar infant signed, after he became of age, a statement of account, and certified by such signature that the items were correct, that did not amount to a ratification of the contract.

action shall be maintained whereby to charge The Act 9 Geo. 4, c. 14, s. 5, says that "no any person upon any promise made after full age to pay any debt contracted during infancy, or upon any ratification after full age of any promise or simple contract made during infancy, unless such promise or ratification shall be made by some writing signed by the party to be charged therewith." The cases upon this (Harris v. Wall, 1 Ex. 122; Hartley v. Wharton, 11 Ad. & E. 934; and Mawson v. Blane, 10 Ex. 206) decide that any written instrument signed by the party, which, in the case of adults, would have amounted to the adoption of the act of a party acting as agent, will, in the case of an infant who has attained his majority, amount to a ratification. In the present case the defendant appended to the account these words, “I certify that the amount is correct and satisfactory.' Counsel for the plaintiff argued that they were sufficient to bring the case within the operation of the Act, because the words of the section "unless such promise or ratification" clearly pointed to a ratification alone being sufficient.

In support of the above contention, the judgment of Baron Rolfe, in Harris v. Walls (supra), was cited. He said: "We are of opinion (apart from Lord Tenterden's Act) that any Act or declaration which recognises the existence of the promise as binding is a ratification of it, as in the case of agency any thing which recognises as binding an act done by an agent, or by a party who has acted as agent, is an adoption of it. Any written instrument signed by the party, which in the case of adults would have amounted to the adoption of the act of a party acting as agent, will, in the case of an infant who has attained his majority, amount to a ratification." In giving judgment in Rowe v. Hopwood, Chief Justice Cockburn said: "It is necessary under the 9 Geo. 4, c. 14, that there should be a recognition of a debt incurred by a person under age in writing, and a written document, therefore, which is necessary as the foundation of an action against the debtor, is for the Judge and not the jury to decide upon. I thought this document was not a sufficient recognition of the debt. It