A history of elementary mathematics |
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Page 40
... pound , was divided into 12 unciæ . The abstract fraction was expressed concretely by deunx ( = de uncia , i.e. , as [ 1 ] less uncia [ ] ) ; was called quincunx ( = quinque [ five ] uncia ) ; thus each Roman fraction had a special name ...
... pound , was divided into 12 unciæ . The abstract fraction was expressed concretely by deunx ( = de uncia , i.e. , as [ 1 ] less uncia [ ] ) ; was called quincunx ( = quinque [ five ] uncia ) ; thus each Roman fraction had a special name ...
Page 171
... pound contained 12 ounces ; the lower subdivisions being the drachm or dram ( " a handful " ) , the gramma ( " a ... pound of 16 ounces , called mina . The subdivision of pounds both duodecimally and according to the fourth power of two ...
... pound contained 12 ounces ; the lower subdivisions being the drachm or dram ( " a handful " ) , the gramma ( " a ... pound of 16 ounces , called mina . The subdivision of pounds both duodecimally and according to the fourth power of two ...
Page 173
... pound haberdepois is parted into 16 ounces ; every ounce 8 dragmes , every dragme 3 scruples , every scruple 20 grains . " This pound contains the same number ( 7680 ) of grains as the statute pound of 1266 and the same subdivisions of ...
... pound haberdepois is parted into 16 ounces ; every ounce 8 dragmes , every dragme 3 scruples , every scruple 20 grains . " This pound contains the same number ( 7680 ) of grains as the statute pound of 1266 and the same subdivisions of ...
Page 174
... pound ( with 24 instead of 32 grains in the pennyweight ) , which Queen Elizabeth ordered to be deposited in the Exchequer in 1588 , supplanted the old pound . There appear , thus , to have been two different pounds avoirdupois , an old ...
... pound ( with 24 instead of 32 grains in the pennyweight ) , which Queen Elizabeth ordered to be deposited in the Exchequer in 1588 , supplanted the old pound . There appear , thus , to have been two different pounds avoirdupois , an old ...
Page 175
... pound , say ) at a given price.1 Ancient measures of length were commonly derived from some part of the human body . This is seen in cubit ( length of forearm ) , foot , digit , palm , span , and fathom . Later their lengths were ...
... pound , say ) at a given price.1 Ancient measures of length were commonly derived from some part of the human body . This is seen in cubit ( length of forearm ) , foot , digit , palm , span , and fathom . Later their lengths were ...
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A History of Elementary Mathematics, with Hints on Methods of Teaching Florian Cajori No preview available - 2019 |
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abacists abacus Ahmes algebra angles appears Arabic Archimedes arith arithmetic Arithmetick astronomer axioms Boethius Bolyai Brahmagupta Briggs called CANTOR century circle Cocker computation construction cube Cyclopædia Desargues digits Diophantus discovery divided division divisor early edition Egyptian elementary England English equal equations Euclid Euclid's Elements figures G. B. HALSTED geom geometry Gerbert German given gives Greek Greek mathematical HANKEL Heron Hindu numerals invention Italian later Latin Leonardo of Pisa logarithms London LORIA Math mathematical mathematicians method metic modern Morgan multiplication Napier notation numbers origin Pacioli PEACOCK plane Plato polygon postulate pound problem proof proportion published pupil Pythagoreans Regiomontanus right triangle Robert Simson Roman roots rule of three says sexagesimal sides sines sixteenth solution square straight line subtraction symbol Tartaglia teacher teaching text-book theorem theory tion translation treatise trigonometry unit-fractions Vieta vigesimal weights and measures word write written wrote
Popular passages
Page 130 - A cos 6 = cos a cos c + sin a sin c cos B cos c = cos a cos 6 + sin a sin 6 cos C Law of Cosines for Angles cos A = — cos B...
Page 68 - A plane rectilineal angle is the inclination of two straight lines to one another, which meet together, but are not in the same straight line.
Page 71 - If a straight line meets two straight lines, so as to " make the two interior angles on the same side of it taken " together less than two right angles...
Page 284 - The Connexion of Number and Magnitude; An attempt to explain the fifth book of Euclid.
Page 160 - Napier lord of Markinston, hath set my head and hands at work with his new and admirable logarithms. I hope to see him this summer, if it please God ; for I never saw a book which pleased me better, and made me more wonder.
Page 229 - He spoke of imaginary quantities, and inferred by induction that every equation has as many roots as there are units in the number expressing its degree.
Page 100 - These problems are proposed simply for pleasure; the wise man can invent a thousand others, or he can solve the problems of others by the rules given here. As the sun eclipses the stars by his brilliancy, so the man of knowledge will eclipse the fame of others in assemblies of the people if he proposes algebraic problems, and still more if he solves them.
Page 134 - The square of a diagonal of a rectangular parallelopiped is equal to the sum of the squares of the three dimensions.
Page 236 - The neglect which he had shown of the elementary truths of geometry he afterwards regarded as a mistake in his mathematical studies ; and on a future occasion he expressed to Dr. Pemberton his regret that " he had applied himself to the works of Descartes, and other algebraic writers, before he had considered the Elements of Euclid with that attention which so excellent a writer deserved."3 The study of Descartes...
Page 101 - the second value is in this case not to be taken, for it is inadequate ; people do not approve of negative roots.