résumé, at once concise and sufficiently full, of an immense subject is no easy task; but the amount of co-ordinated knowledge of architecture, of history and ecclesiastical antiquities, which Dr. West has managed to pack into this instructive volume, shows the hand of a master. It is moreover written in an attractive style which sometimes rises into eloquence.

The comparative merits and demerits of the French and English builders in the point of artistic expression are fully discussed, and the author awards the palm to the French architects, especially for the marvellous elaboration of the western fronts of their cathedrals; while, on the other hand, the more restrained and sober, and therefore dignified, beauty of our English minsters contrasts favourably with the often extravagant ornamentation of their Gallic sisters. He declines to give an answer to the question which of the two nations has done the better; but he more than suggests one in his final alternative: Whether is it better to aim at a lofty ideal, which, proving beyond our reach, may become a mere dream of Heaven or to be content with a lower one within our grasp, even though it may keep us bound to earth." He had just before summed up our national weakness in these unflattering terms: "In art, as in empire, the English race has ever been the same-opportunist, realistic, incapable in material matters of ever forming an ideal much above the Here and Now of daily life."

Among other points of interest Dr. West notes that it was the Roman house, rather than the Basilica, which furnished the ground-plan of the earliest Christian churches, a view which will be new to many. A lavish supply of illustrations mostly original, but in many cases taken from Bloxam's well-known work-adds much to the charm of the book.

IN The Cornhill Magazine Sir Charles Darling has a paraphrase of Villon's Ballad of Ladies of Old Time which is elegant in its way, but too concise in style to be quite satisfactory. The Marchesa Peruzzi de' Medici (née Edith Storey) has a pretty reminiscence of Thackeray, my Childhood's Friend,' which reveals the novelist's tender heart for the young. Mr. Edmund Gosse goes back to his view, as a young man, of Two Northern Prelates,' of whom he gives a vivid account; and Mr. W. D. Howells makes the most of The Human Interest of Buxton,' writing with the ease of an accomplished hand. Priam's Cellars' is a fascinating account by Sir A. QuillerCouch of how he came into the possession of an overgrown and half-forgotten garden. Q." is here at his best in his own district of Troy. Some Soul of Goodness,' by R. O. M., is a capital short story of a gipsy-boy whose black eyes won the favour of a girl. She found out the scheme by which he recovered his dog from a party of rival gipsies, but let him go for the sake of a kiss.

Mr. A. C. Benson has an excellent subject in Charles Kingsley,' and brings out well the vigour and force of the man. But he begins with contrasting his subject and Pepys, as their portraits gaze at each other in Magdalene College, Cambridge, and says, The tribe of Pepys exploit the world, but do not advance things a jot." He seems not to have realized that the navy of England-rather an important part of the country-owes much to Samuel Pepys as

an

honest and capable administrator. The story of Kingsley suddenly feeling the need for tobacco and producing a pipe out of a big furze-bush is. pleasant, but not novel.

replies are given, and questions are asked about In the competition concerning Thackeray the Tennyson by Mr. A. D. Godley.

The Fortnightly opens with an appreciation by "Index" of A Business-like King, and there are, Talks with Mr. Roosevelt,' by Mr. Sydney Brooks, as usual, several other political articles. 'Some tells us a good deal that is of interest concerning that America as a whole has not lost its interest a figure less dominant than heretofore. He says. in Mr. Roosevelt. "The East, and Wall Street especially, still honours him with a quite distinctive hatred, and the New York Press practicreturn to the Presidency, and is ally boycotts him." He does not hanker to still frankly writing is always thoughtful and better balanced disappointed in Mr. Taft." Mr. Brooks, whose than that of the violent partisan, considers Mr. Woodrow Wilson, the ex-President of Princeton University, as the most likely Democratic candidate next year for the White House. Spanish vatore di Giacomo: the Poet of Naples,' by Mrs. Novelists of To-day,' by Lily Higgin, and 'SalArthur Harter, are instances of the articles on foreign literature which make The Fortnightly of special interest.

6

The most noteworthy article in the number for us, however, is An Educational WonderWorker : Maria Montessori's Method,' by Josephine Tozier. It concerns the teaching of a lady professor in Italy who has worked at a school for feeble-minded children, and more recently at some new infant schools in Rome, where wonderful results have been attained, by the use chiefly of the sense of touch, which is used as "the great interpreter of vision and guide to accuracy of perception." The ideas and results. here put forward suggest that Maria Montessori will make something like a revolution in education. Edward Munch' is no doubt a remarkable Norwegian artist, but the Count de Soissons writes concerning him in too excited and lyrical a strain to carry conviction. From Father to Son' is a thoughtful commentary on the present state of politics by Mr. T. H. S. Escott, who dwells ingeniously on various good points in the Lords. Prof. R. Y. Tyrrell's Samuel Johnson: Unbiassed Appreciation,' has the grace of all his writing, but is not, to our mind, a very searching piece of criticism. The Professor notes quite rightly that the fame of Johnson rests mainly on his talk," and, further, that he is hardly likely to have a rival among the literary men of London to-day, as they reserve their happy phrases for the press. The point of the passage from Congreve's Mourning Bride' seems to be missed. It is surely that Shakespeare had no such appreciation of architectural effect. The criticism of Johnson's imitations of Juvenal does not seem to us altogether fair, and while correcting the popular form in which one familiar line is quoted, the Professor appears to misquote another.

line

66

an

The

Slow rises worth by poverty oppress'd ends really with depress'd," and is preceded, we think, by the weaker line.

BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES.—AUGUST.

MR. ANDREW BAXENDINE'S Edinburgh Catalogue 124 contains the Library Edition of Dickens, 30 vols., green cloth, new, bl. 6s.; the original illustrated Library Edition of the Waverley Novels, 25 vols., half-morocco, 1852-3, 8l. 108. 6d. ; also various other sets and some first editions. Works under Angling include Grimble's Salmon Rivers of Scotland,' 4 vols., 4to, 1899, 5l. 10s. 6d. There are interesting items under Burns, Fife, and Flowers. Under George Meredith is the Clear-Type Edition, 12 vols., cloth, 1889-95, 21. 28. The Library Edition of Hugh Miller's Works, 13 vols., cloth, is 17. 18. Under Roxburghshire is Jeffrey's History,' 4 vols., 1855-64, 31. 38. There are a number of works under Scotland. Under R. L. Stevenson are first editions; also the Swanston Edition, with introducThe tion by Mr. Lang, 1911-12, 2 vols., 77. 108. Library Edition of Kinglake's Crimea,' 8 vols., half-calf, 1863-87, is 37. 38.

Mr. William Glaisher's Catalogue 379 is a list of Remainders. There are many books beautifully illustrated in colour. These include 'Assisi of St. Francis,' 78., or large paper 15s.; Margoliouth's Cairo, Jerusalem, and Damascus,' 78., large paper 158.; The Clyde,' described by Neil Munro, 78. 6d. ; Liverpool,' painted by Hay, described by Dixon Scott, 28. 6d.; The New Forest,' painted and described by Mrs. Willingham Rawnsley, 38. 6d.; Durand's Oxford,' 98.; John Pettie,' by Martin Hardie, 6s. 6d. ; and Switzerland,' by Clarence Rook, fifty-six coloured plates by Mrs. Jardine, 78. Under Brougham and his Early Friends' are letters to James Loch, 1798-1809, arranged by Atkinson and Jackson, 3 vols., royal 8vo, half-vellum, gilt tops, privately printed, published at 51. 58., now offered at 10s. The third volume contains an extended biography, and includes an account of the foundation of The Edinburgh.

In a four-page addition to the list we find Volkmann's illustrations to Dante, 88.; Life of Sir George Grove, by C. L. Graves, 38.; Macalister's Ecclesiastical Vestments,' 48.; and 'Orrock, Painter, Connoisseur, and Collector,' by Webber, 2 vols., 21. 128. (published at 107. 108. net).

Messrs. Sotheran & Co. send a Coronation

Number. It contains many illustrations of magnificent Cosway and jewelled bindings, including an Omar with a thousand jewels, which has taken nearly two years to produce. Among many beautiful books is Edmund Gosse's Painters and Engravers of the Eighteenth Century,' in levant with 9 miniatures on either side, the price being 851. Another fine example of Cosway binding is the Diary of Major André, the miniatures including Washington, André, and his betrothed, Miss Sneyd, General Wolfe, and others, 721. 108. Yet another specimen is Ireland's Napoleon,' with 9 miniatures, 2851.

speare,' 8 vols., extended to 95 ready for binding, 1838-42, enclosed in an elaborately carved bookcase of woods collected from 40 different sources connected with Shakespeare's life, or buildings and localities mentioned in the plays, 7501. Under Vauxhall Gardens is a remarkable collection, 9 vols., royal folio, olive morocco, 1851.

The general portion contains Sartor Resartus,' a presentation copy, levant by Rivière, 1834, Under Branwell Brontë is The Pirate,' 107. 108. an unpublished MS., signed at the end "P. B. Bronte, February 8th, A.D. 1833," in the original cover, 121. 128. Mr. Clement brown-paper the most pretentious Shorter describes this as of Branwell's prose stories." There are French illustrated books of the eighteenth century, a number of Tenniel's original drawings, much of interest under Americana, and many scarce second-hand books and choice editions. The illustrations include a key to the Shakespeare bookcase, showing the various places from which the woods have been taken.

Messrs. Sotheran also send No. 716 of their Price Current. It contains important scientific sets, these including The Philosophical Magazine, The Annual Register, Archæologia, Geographical Society, and Geological Society. In the general portion we find the first collected edition of Beaumont and Fletcher, 2 vols., folio, in 1, 1647-52, red levant, 281. There is a choice set of Coleridge, Pickering, 1835-53, 27 vols., halfcalf, 17. 178. Under Dickens is the scarce dated edition, 24 vols., cloth, 1861-5, 117. 118. Under Rochefoucauld are two important manuscripts. There is a large Collection of Sporting Books, comprising a number of works under Angling, Daniel's Rural Sports,' Millais's' Breath from the Veldt,' Mytton's memoirs, and other well-known works.

[Notices of other Catalogues held over.]

Notices to Correspondents.

We must call special attention to the following notices:

To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rules. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. When answering queries, or making notes with regard to previous entries in the paper, contributors are requested to put in parentheses, immediately after the exact heading, the series, volume, and page or pages to which they refer. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested to head the second communication "Duplicate."

EDITORIAL Communications should be addressed tisements and Business Letters to "The Pubto "The Editor of Notes and Queries '"-Adverlishers"-at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.

LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 12, 1911.

CONTENTS.-No. 85.

130.

Booksellers' Catalogues.

Notices to Correspondents.

Notes.

thing more in this worke, then to bring the Trench broad enough to serve the cities [sic] onely with water,"

yet at his own charge, and giving security of " 8,000l. lands per annum to complete it, he offers to undertake the greater work. The advantages are that it will afford employment during construction; that "many parts of Hartfordshire, Buckingshire [sic] and Middlesex, whose chiefest livelihood is the farre cheaper rate, and a more plentifull vent for sending of meale to London, will have portage at it, then now they have”;

that

"the soile of London, which is one of the chiefest the onely meanes of bringing their lands to hart measures of enriching the countrey, and indeed after it is worne out with chaulking and blowing," will be brought at a cheaper rate and in larger quantities; that the highways will be less spoilt by that the cattle on both sides of the stream perpetual cartage will have the benefit of fresh water; and that

66

"the City of London will also by this have the ornament of a navigable river on the north-west side, as it hath on the south by Thames, and on the east by Ware River."

The most interesting advantage occurs in Clause XI. :—

"Those parts of London which are now very much scanted of water, will have it in a plentifull measure, and such as shall be alwayes cleere and fit for all uses: all land floods, and foule waters, which frequently occasion the muddiness of Sr. William [sic] Middleton's water, being by artificall conveyances, diverted and kept wholly out of the

streame."

The objections were many, but the Lords of

IN 1641.

THE Completion of the New River and the appreciation of its many advantages would, it can be assumed, give rise to many similar schemes, and a pamphlet now before me deals with one of the most interesting. It was printed for John Clarke, London, 1641, and the title reads :—

"A Designe for bringing a Navigable River from Rickmansworth in Hartfordshire to St. Gyles in the Field; the Benefits of it declared, and the objections against it answered."

The King having approved of a measure for bringing water from Rickmansworth in Hertfordshire, by Harrow-on-the-Hill, to St. Giles-in-the-Fields, Edward Forde, of Harting in Sussex, proposes to make this watercourse a navigable stream.

"Though it were first proposed to him, and hee no farther obliged, or any way prest to doe any

all, only one remained: 'That the water being taken away at Rickmansworth will much prejudice all those that dwell upon the river below," by depriving them of their fish; by hindering winter land floods; "by spoyling corn milles"; by taking away fences; "by spoyling their paper mills." The promoter replied that this objection was based upon a mistake, because below river reaches Uxbridge, the intake of the stream, and before the there fall in together five severall plentifull swift streames, upon every one of which stand several mills of good value," &c.

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The objection of the paper-makers at Rickmansworth is met by the promise of compensation or the acquisition of the mill.

"There are but seven in all......The water taken for this worke cannot possibly bee missed by them unless it bee for the time of a moneth or two in a dry summer, when perhaps it may for that short time hinder the wo king of some few hammers."