dividuals, to defray 17 the cost 18 of slaves. It is surely easy for the Senate to proclaim, that any one may bring slaves to market, and to buy up those on sale.19 And when 20 they are bought, why should any one be less likely to hire 21 them from the treasury than from a private citizen, since he is destined 22 to have them on the same terms? For instance,23 they hire sacred groves, and temples, and houses; they also farm customs 24 from the state. For the security of the property farmed out, the treasury can exact pledges from the contractors,25 as it does from the farmers 26 of the tolls. 18 Τιμή. 19 Τὰ προσαχθέντα. 22 Partic. 26 Oi 17 Παρασκευάζειν, 1 aor. mid. 20 'Eneidav, with conjunctive. 21 Miodovodai, opt. with av. JELF, § 697, b. 23 Γοῦν. 24 Τέλη. 25 Οἱ μισθούμενοι. voúμevo. Vid. LIDD. and SCOTT, in voce. XXII. Besides, it is easier for the farmer of tolls1 than for the lessee of slaves to cheat. For how can any man detect the exportation of public money, while his private fortune remains the same? How, on the other hand, can any one steal slaves marked with the brand of the state-when a penalty, too, is denounced against the man who either steals or exports them? Up to this point, then, it will appear to be feasible for the state both to acquire and to retain slaves. If, however, any one thinks that, when many labourers are collected, few will appear to hire them, let him reassures himself by the reflection that many who are already stocked with slaves will hire 10 public slaves in addition; 10 and that there are many who have grown old in the mines, and many Athenians and foreigners besides, who would not like and could not endure bodily . Ὁ ἀνδράποδα μισθούμενος. $ Partic. Σήμαντρον. * I read, οὐ πολλοί. 7 Partic. * Οἱ κατεσκευασμένοι. 10 Προσμισθοῦσθαι. 1 Ὁ τέλος πριάμενος. 5 abs. • Partic. 8 gen. fut. * Θαῤῥεῖν. toil, but who would gladly earn their bread by the mental task of supervision.12 Supposing,13 then, the state were to commence with a staff of twelve hundred slaves, it is probable that in five or six years it would have, from the income thence derived, not less than six thousand. From a gang of this number,14 supposing 13 each to pay a clear obol daily, the annual receipts would amount to sixty talents. And if twenty talents out of this sum were invested in 15 other slaves, the state would then be at liberty to employ the remaining forty for any purpose it pleased. And when the slaves should have reached the number of ten thousand, the receipts would amount to a hundred talents. That the state will find room for 16 manyfold 17 this number, all who still remember how much the slave tax 18 realised 19 before the affair of Decelea, will testify. All our own experience, 20 too, attests that the supply of slaves cannot exceed the demand in the mines; 21 for excavation 22 discovers no limit to their depth. Besides, it is just as easy now as heretofore to sink new shafts.23 Indeed, no man can say with certainty, whether silver ore is most abundant in mines already opened 24 or on virgin ground.25 Why, then, some one will say, are not fresh shafts frequently sunk, as they used to be? Because the miners 26 are poorer than they were; they have but lately recommenced operations; 27 and the risk in opening new mines is great. " Τὰ ἐπιτήδεια πορίζεσθαι. 12 Τῇ γνώμῃ ἐπιμελούμενοι. 14 From this number. with conjunctive. 16 1. Δέχεσθαι. πόδων. 13 "Hv, 15 Τίθεσθαι εἰς. 18 Τὸ τέλος τῶν ἀνδρα 17 Πολλαπλάσιος, with gen. 21 That there would never be more slaves there, than those whose labour would be required? 2 Οἱ ὀρύττοντες. 25 Τὰ ἄτμητα. μημένα. κατασκευάζεσθαι. XXIII. When1 a man has purchased* a horse he is pleased with,2 and has brought him home, it is desirable that the stables3 should be situated in a part of the establishment1 where the master will very frequently see the horse; and the stall should be so arranged as to render it as impossible to steal the horse's corn from the manger as the owner's from the storehouse." The man who neglects this neglects himself, in my opinion; for it is clear that, in case of danger, the master entrusts 10 his own person to his horse. A secure11 stall is advantageous, not only to prevent the corn being stolen, but also because whenever1 the horse rejects 12 his provender, the evidence is clear. On observing this, the owner will know13 that he either requires physic,14 from his body being too full of blood, or that he is suffering from fatigue and needs repose; or else that indigestion,15 or some other infirmity,16 is stealing upon 17 him. Now, in a horse, as in a man, all maladies are easier of cure 18 at their commencement 19 than when they have become inveterate. And, while care must be taken of the horse's food and exercise, in order to 20 give him a strong constitution,21 attention must also be paid to 22 his feet. Damp23 and smooth stalls injure even well-shaped 24 hoofs.25 To prevent 26 their being damp, they ought to be drained; 27 14 and to 3 Σταθμός. 8 Φάτνη. 12 16 Εκκομίζειν. , 18 Αρρωστία. 20 Όπως ἂν, Ασκητέον, with accus. 24 Εὐφυής. 25 Οπλή. 23 'Yypós. 27 Απόῤῥυτος. 26 Ως * Πρίηται. This is the conjunct. aor., ἐπριάμην. Πρίαμαι is not used in the present by Attic writers; all its tenses, save the first aor., being supplied by ὠνέομαι. prevent their being smooth, the pavement should consist of a layer of stones, pounded into the ground,28 similar to hoofst in size. In the next place, the groom 29 must walk the horse out 30 to a place where he can curry 31 him; and after breakfast he should loose him from the manger, in order that 32 he may go more comfortably 33 to his dinner. verbal, accus. 31 οι Ψήχω. 28 Karoρúσow, perf. pass. part. 29 ̔Ο ἱππόκομος. 4 3 6 30 Ἐξακτέον, 33 Ηδιον. 7 When the Rhodians, drawn up in battle array,2 had discharged their slings, and the Scythian archers their arrows, without missing a single shot5—and, indeed, it was not easy to miss, had they even desired to do so Tissaphernes very promptly retired beyond range, and the other battalions also retired. During the remainder of the day the one army continued its march, 10 the other its pursuit; but the barbarians no longer did any damage11 by skirmishing; 12 for the slings of the Rhodians carried farther than those of the Persians, and than most of the archers. The Persian bows are large, too: so13 that all their arrows which 14 chanced to be taken, proved useful to the Cretans, who constantly15 used the enemies' darts, and practised 16 shooting arrows high into the air, at long range.17 Many bowstrings 18 and much lead 18 were discovered in the villages, which they used for their slings. On this day, the Greeks having 19 encamped in some villages on their line of march,20 the barbarians retreated, worsted in the recent skirmish; and the Greeks remained there during the following day, taking in provisions; 21 for there was plenty of corn in the villages. On the following day they resumed their march 10 through the plain, and Tissaphernes followed, harassing them with skirmishers.22 And here the Greeks remarked that a square 23 is 24 a bad 25 arrangement when an enemy is pursuing. For it follows of necessity that, if the flanks26 of the square are compressed,27 either from the narrowness 28 of the road, or from the embarrassments 29 created by mountains and bridges, the troops are squeezed 30 out of their ranks, and march irregularly, at once distressed and disordered; and 31 it must be difficult to manœuvre them, in their confused array 32 When, on the other hand, the flanks recede $3 from each other, the troops who were squeezed before must needs be scattered,34 and the space intervening 35 between the flanks becomes hollow, and despondency seizes the afflicted soldiers, when an enemy 36 is pursuing them. And whenever 37 they had to cross a bridge or to effect any other passage, every man hurried on in his anxiety 39 to get 40 over first; and the army was exposed 41 to the enemies' assault. 38 While they were traversing their fifth day's march,3 they observed a royal palace, and a cluster of villages around it; they also saw that the road to this spot lay 1 'Hvíka, imperf. JELF, §§ 839, 840. πέμπτον, sc. σταθμόν. • Πολύς. 2 Πορεύεσθαι. 3 Τον |