Economy and Society in Meghalaya: Changing Frontiers of a Pnar Village

administration agricultural Assam Assamese Bapung Bengali British Byndihati changes Cherra Cherrapunjee Christian clan coal mining coal mining activity coal seam commodities cultivation cultural custom David Scott District Council doloi dry land East India Company economic exploitation of coal forest Garo Hills Gurdon headman husband inheritance iron Jaintia Hills District Jaintia king Jaintia kingdom Jowai Khasi and Jaintia Khasi Hills Khasi language Khasi-Pnar Khliehriat labourers Lad Rymbai Lakadong Langrin Lish living Lyngdoh mainly marriage married maternal uncle matrilineal Mawphlang Mawsynram Meghalaya metre million tonnes minerals mining area Mission missionaries mother Mylliem Nepali Niamtre non-tribal occupation owners paddy fields Pamra Pandua percent plains Pnar Pnar family population religion rice road schools Serampore Shillong shops social society square kilometres Sutnga Syiem Sylhet Table trade traditional Pnar tribal tribe trucks Tuber village western wife women youngest daughter Yule