Page. Line. or refused by a Corps Législatif" of three hundred members; a "Sénat" of eighty life-members was to see that the laws were duly carried out. 89, 16. L'historien de la Révolution; François - Auguste-Marie MIGNET, born at Aix, dep. Bouches-du-Rhône, May 8, 1796, a French historian, a Member of the Academy, &c.; his "Histoire de la Révolution française de 1789 à 1814" came out in 1824; it has been reprinted a great many times, and translated into several languages. 90, 7, Maillot, swaddling-clothes; bands in which the lower half of the body of infants was more or less tightly wrapped up; this article of dress gave rise to a long controversy among philosophers and doctors; Montaigne (d. 1592), Locke (d. 1704), J. J. Rousseau (d. 1778), Désessart (celebrated actor, d. 1811) have condemned it; the following Spanish proverb shows that all things pertaining to youth are rightly considered to be of the greatest importance: "Ce qui entre avec le maillot ne s'en va qu'avec le suaire," what comes in with the swathe goes out only with the shroud. 94, 36. Le héros de brumaire, Napoleon Bonaparte, see Republican Calendar, p. 143. 96, 8. Defenders, members of a secret society formed in the North of Ireland after the defeat of James II. by George III. on the banks of the Boyne, 1690; its object was the freedom of Ireland; the "defenders" played an important part in the insurrections of 1797, 1798, 1803. 97, 22. Abuser, to deceive; remark that the English word to abuse is translated into French by "insulter, dire des injures à," but never by "abuser." 98, 16. A leur bord, on the ships they commanded. 100, 40. La fameuse expédition projetée... Napoleon Bonaparte made great preparations at Boulogne to invade England 1801-1805, but had to turn all his strength against Germany. 102, 18-19. Mit. le cap sur, steered or bore towards; "cap " is the head, the prow of a ship. Latin, caput, head. 23, Désemparée, disabled. 103, 3. Hors d'état de, incapable of. 105, 13. Des deux conseils, the "Conseil des Anciens" and "Con. seil des Cinq-Cents." 21. Afferma, from "affermer," to farm ; not to be mistaken with "affermir," to strengthen. 30. Un effectif, an effective force, that is to say ready for action. 106, 12. Un équipage de pont, everything necessary to throw a bridge across a river, pontoons, &c. 29. Le gros des, the main body of. 108, 19. République batave; Holland, in 1795, proclaimed the Page. Line. Republic and was known (from its Latin name Batavia) as the Batavian Republic until Louis Bonaparte ascended the throne, June 5, 1806. 109, 8. 9 Thermidor, see Republican Calendar, p. 142. 14. Conventionnels, members of the Convention; see list of Assemblies, p. 6, 1. 12. 27. 13 vendémiaire, see Republican Calendar, p. 142. 110, 15. Principes de 1789; see p. 86, 1. 34, the Constitution of 1791. 18. Les deux conseils législatifs, the "Conseil des Anciens and "Conseil des Cinq-Cents." 37. Mesures draconiennes, severe and harsh measures; from "Draco," an Athenian legislator who enacted (about B.C. 623) a criminal code in which slight offences were punished as severely as murder and sacrilege. 115, 3. L'anniversaire du 10 Aout, on August 10, 1792, Santerre, Westermann, and Fournier, at the head of 3000 workmen, attacked the "Tuileries ;" the king took refuge in the National Assembly, where his dethronement was voted. 36. A bout portant, point-blank; literally with the muzzle bearing on the object at which one aims. 216, 22. Un empirique, a charlatan, a quack; one whose practice is not based on science; from the Greek év in, and πɛρα, experience. 117, 19. Le vainqueur d'Arcole et de Rivoli, Bonaparte ; see in the Index both these towns. 118, 30. Byron's lines are as follows: 120, LVI. By Coblentz, on a rise of gentle ground, Crowning the summit of the verdant mound; Our enemy's- but let not that forbid Honour to Marceau! o'er whose early tomb, Tears, big tears, gush'd from the rough soldier's lid, Lamenting and yet envying such a doom, Falling for France, whose rights he battled to resume. LVII. Brief, brave, and glorious was his young career, Pray for his gallant spirit's bright repose; For he was Freedom's champion, one of those, The charter to chastise which she bestows On such as wield her weapons; he had kept 2. Au tiers et au quart, right and left; "le tiers et le quart means the third or fourth person whom one happens to meet, anybody; cf. "Le premier venu," the first who turns up. Page. Line. 122, 9. Les grands principes de 1789, see note p. 86, 1. 34, on the Constitution of 1791, which contains some of them. APPENDIX. 123, 6. Faubourg Saint-Germain, a district west of Paris, on the left bank of the Seine, where the nobility dwell; it takes its name from the celebrated church and monastery, Saint-Germain-des-Prés, about 543. founded 123, 31. Section, by a decree of the National Assembly, June 22, 1790, Paris was divided into forty-eight 124, sections. 12. Fournées, see p. 40, 1. II. 17. Le pont au Change, a very old bridge in Paris; in 1141 Louis VII. allowed the money-changers to carry on their business there. 17-18. Place de la Révolution, formerly "Place Louis XV. ;" there was in the centre a statue of Louis XV. on horseback, surrounded by emblematic figures; on the pedestal of this monument epigrams were occasionally found, of which the following are specimens:— Grotesque monument, infâme piédestal, Les vertus sont à pied, le vice est à cheval. Il est ici comme à Versailles, Il est sans cœur et sans entrailles. 127, 3. Flibustiers, a band of adventurers who, from 1660, were constantly attacking Spanish settlements. 128, 30. Constitutionnel, one who believes in a monarchy limited by a constitution. 129, 31. Jacobin, see p. 17, 1. 24. 31. Thermidorien, see 9 thermidor in the Republican Calendar, p. 142. 2. Moutonnière, sheep-like, ready to follow any leader; this word always reminds one of the tale in Rabelais (1483-1553) in which Panurge, wishing to take revenge of Dindenault, the sheep-merchant, buys a sheep of him and throws it into the sea; all the other sheep follow their bleating comrade, to the great dismay of poor Dindenault. 21. Le tiers Etat, in the old French monarchy the nation was divided into three orders, called "Etats," the Nobility, the Clergy, and the "Tiers Etat ; " peasants and serfs were not considered to belong to any order; "The Etats généraux,” as in 1789, were an assembly of the three "Etats." Page. Line. 131, 8. Agnès, one of the principal characters of Molière's (1622-1673) comedy, "L'Ecole des Femmes ; she is very timid, and has been brought up by Arnolphe in great ignorance; her ignorance nearly leads her astray. Arnolphe explains in the following celebrated lines his idea of a good girl and a perfect wife :— Et, s'il faut qu'avec elle on joue au corbillon, Et qu'on vienne à lui dire à son tour, Qu'y met-on ? TH THE REPUBLICAN CALENDAR. “HE Republican Calendar was used from September, 22, 1792, to September 9, 1805. The names of the months were as follows: FOR AUTUMN: Vendémiaire (vindemia, grapegathering), Brumaire (bruma, brume, fog), Frimaire (frimas, hoarfrost); FOR WINTER: Nivôse (nivosus, snowy), Pluviôse (pluviosus, rainy), Ventôse (ventosus, windy); FOR SPRING: Germinal (germen, germ), Floréal (florem acc., flower), Prairial (prairie, meadow); FOR SUMMER: Messidor (messis, harvest; depov, gift), Thermidor Opun, heat; dapov, gift), Fructidor (fructus, fruit). The month was divided into 3 "décades" of 10 days each. The. days were called primidi, duodi, tridi, quartidi, quintidi, sextidi, septidi, octidi, nonidi, decadi. Lalande and Fabre d'Eglantine composed this calendar, Romme caused it to be adopted. PRINCIPAL DATES OF THE REPUBLICAN CALENDAR, WITH THE CORRESPONDING DATES OF THE GREGORIAN. 9 and 10 Thermidor, An II (July 27 and 28, 1794), a reaction sets in against Robespierre, who is guillotined on the 10th, with some of his sanguinary supporters, and the Reign of Terror comes to an end; the leaders and supporters of this movement are called "Thermidoriens." 12 Germinal, An III (April 1, 1795), a rising of the suburbs of Paris against the National Convention takes place; the people ask for bread and a return to the Constitution of 1793 (a very Democratic one, never completely carried out); they are dispersed by the military. Ier Prairial, An III (May 20, 1795), a supreme but vain effort of the Jacobins (extreme Democrats) against what is called “La réaction thermidorienne" (Moderate Republicans and Royalists). 13 Vendémiaire, An IV (October 5, 1795), an insurrection of Moderate Republicans and Royalists takes place against the Assembly called "Convention Nationale;" it is quashed by Napoleon Bonaparte, commanding under Barras. 18 Fructidor, An V (September 4, 1797), a d'État " is coup executed by three members of the Directoire, Barras, La ReveillèreLepeaux, and Rewbell, against the "Conseils des Anciens et des Cinq-Cents," whom they accused of royalist tendencies. 66 30 Prairial, An VII (June 18, 1799), a reconstitution of the |