CHEMICAL DIVISION. CATALOGUE OF COLLECTION PREPARED BY THE CHEMICAL DIVISION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOR EXHIBITION IN THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION OF 1876. WILLIAM MCMURTRIE, Chemist in Chief. The collection prepared under the direction of the chemical division of the Department of Agriculture consists of soils and fertilizers and of materials intended to illustrate the utilization of those agricultural and horticultural products, the value of which depends upon their chemical changes to render them fit for consumption. Further than this, the collection contains a series of products illustrating the utilization of American dairy products. In order to carry out this general idea the collection was made up in two grand divisions, viz: A. Soils and fertilizers. B. Vegetable products, the value of which depends upon their chemical composition, and the methods for the utilization of, which involves chemical processes. The first grand division consists of: I. Soils taken from different geological formations. II.-Rocks of known composition, with samples of soils formed from them by disintegration and decomposition. III.-Marls: 1. Calcareous or shell marl. 2. Phosphatic marl. 3. Green sand marl. IV. Natural fertilizers: 1. Mineral. 2. Vegetable. 3. Animal. V. The combination of natural fertilizing materials for production of the so-called commercial or artificial fertilizers. The second grand division consists of: 1. Cereals and the products resulting from their utilization. 2. Materials illustrating the production of sugar. 3. Products illustrating the processes of fermentation of amylaceous and saccharine substances, and the production of alcoholic liquors from them by distillation. 4. Products illustrating the processes of preparing tobacco for consumption. 5. Tanning and dyeing materials. 6. Materials illustrating the utilization of wood by dry distillation. 7. Vegetable products prepared and preserved for food by special methods. 8. Products of the American materia medica, and the active proximate principles separated from them. The dairy products are divided into 1. Salt. 2. Annatto. 3. Cheese. 4. Butter. On account of the limited time and means at the disposal of the division the groups represented are not entirely complete. The collec tion will, however, serve to illustrate the object and the work of the division, viz, the application of geology and chemistry to the study of agriculture and the utilization of agricultural and horticultural products. A. SOILS AND FERTILIZERS. I. SOILS FROM DIFFERENT GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS. The materials included in the first group of this grand division were prepared under the supervision of Prof. George H. Cook, State geologist of New Jersey. It was the intention of the Department to have had all the specimens presented analyzed, but the means at its disposal would not admit it. In order, therefore, to show the composition of soils from the different formations we present, in connection with averages of several analyses published by Professor Cook in the first annual report of the State Board of Agriculture of New Jersey. While the individual specimens exhibited may have a slightly different composition than is represented by the figures given, the variation with this regard will never be found very great. I. SOILS TAKEN FROM DIFFERENT GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS. 1. Soils arranged with reference to the geological formation from which they were taken. A.-GNEISS SOILS. 1. Surface soil, from Hon. Aaron Robertson's farm, Schooley's Mountain, Morris County, New Jersey. This soil has never been cultivated or manured. Average composition: SiO2, 68.89; Al2O3, 11.55; FeO, 4.95; CaO, 1.11; MgO, 1.37; K2O,'1.95; Na2O, 0.41; HSO4, 0.04; Cl, trace; P2O5, 0.18; H2O, 1.64; organic matter, 6.86. 2. Subsoil, same. 3. Surface soil, from Martin J. Ryerson's farm, Bloomingdale, Passaic County, New Jersey. 4. Subsoil, same. 5. Surface soil, gneiss drift, from M. J. Ryerson's farm, Pompton Plains, N. J. 6. Subsoil, same. B. MAGNESIAN LIMESTONE SOILS. 7. Surface soil, from Thomas Shields's farm, Beatyestown, Warren County, New Jersey. This soil was a natural one, unchanged by cultivation or manure. Average composition: SiO2, 65.06; Al2O3, 14.75; FeO, 4.51; CaO, 0.67; MgO, 1.55; K2O, 4.57; Na2O, 0.53; HSO4, 0.02; Cl, trace; P2O5, 0.16: H2O, 1.45; organic matter, 5.52. 8. Subsoil, same. C.-SLATE SOILS. 9. Surface soil, from Delaware Station, Warren County, New Jersey. Taken from a fence-corner on border of woods. Average composition: SiO2, 65.75; Al2O3, 14.37; FeO, 6.10; CaO, 0.56; MgO, 1.60; K2O, 3.86; NaO, 0.10; HSO4, 0.04; Cl, trace; P2O5, 0.17; H2O, 1.68; organic matter, 5.12. 10. Subsoil, same. D.-RED SANDSTONE SOILS. 11. Surface soil, from New Brunswick, New Jersey. This is a natural soil taken from the commons in the northwest part of the city. Average composition: SiO2, 65.80; Al¿O3, 13.29; FeO, 5.05; CaO, 0.84; MgO, 1.21; K2O, 1.74; NaO2, 1.12; HSO4, 0.09; Cl, trace; P2O5, 0.15; H2O, 2.70; organic matter, 7.45. 12. Subsoil, 'same. 13. Surface soil, from New Jersey State Agricultural College farm, New Brunswick, N. J. From a fence-corner uncultivated for many years. 14. Subsoil, same. E. GREENSAND (MARL) SOILS. 15. Surface soil, from B. C. Fatem's farm, Woodbury, N. J. This ground had been broken up, but never had been manured. Average composition: SiO2, 79.30; Al2O3, 1.81; FeO, 1.71; CaO, 0.82; MgO, 0.23; K2O, 0.77; Na2O, 0.03; HSO4, 0.12; Cl, 0.14; P2Os, 0.11; H2O, 2.24; organic matter, 12.56. 16. Subsoil, same. 17. Surface soil from Azariah Conover's farm, Middletown, Monmouth County, New Jersey. This ground had never been plowed. 18. Subsoil, same. 19. Surface soil, from Rev. G. C. Schanck's farm, near Marlborough, Monmouth County, New Jersey. Natural soil. 20. Subsoil, same. 21. Surface soil, from John R. Perri e's farm, Manalapin, Monmouth County, New Jersey. This soil has been under cultivation for many years. 22. Subsoil, same. 23. Surface soil, from E. A. Osborn's farm, Middletown, Monmouth County, New Jersey. 24. Subsoil, same. 25. Surface soil, from Charles Hollingshead's farm, Medford, Burlington County, New Jersey. This soil was taken from a fénce-corner of a field. 26. Subsoil, same. 27. Surface soil, from Lesley Peacock's farm, Medford, Burlington County, New Jersey. This soil was from woodland.` 28. Subsoil, same. 29. Surface soil, from General H. Irick's farm, Vincentown, Burlington County, New Jersey. This soil was taken from a byroad on the farm. 30. Subsoil, same. 31. Surface soil, from Charles Stevenson's farm, Blackwoodstown, Camden County, New Jersey. This soil was taken from a corner of a cultivated field. 32. Subsoil, same. 33. Surface soil, from B. Tomlinson's farm, near Clementon, Camden County, New Jersey. This soil was taken from the side of the public road, and had not been cultivated for many years. 34. Subsoil, same. F. TERTIARY (EOCENE) SOILS. Average composition: SiO2, 84.80; Al2O3, 6.53; FeO, 1.92; CaO, 0.48; MgO, 0.40; KO, 0.81; Na,O, 0.44; HSO4, 0.08; CI, 0.01; P2O5, 0.05; H2O, 1.60; organic matter, 1.90. 35. Surface soil, from Atsion, Burlington County, New Jersey. 36. Subsoil, same. 37. Surface soil, from Spring Lake Beach (old Osborn farm), near Squan, Monmouth County, New Jersey. 38. Subsoil, same. 39. Surface soil, from Upper Alloway's Creek Township, Salem County, New Jersey. This soil was taken from white oak land that had never been cultivated. 40. Subsoil, same. 41. Surface soil, from G. Ayer's farm, near Jericho, Cumberland County, New Jersey. This soil was taken from brush land. 42. Subsoil, same. G.-DRIFT SOILS. Average composition: SiO2, 94.62; Al,O,, 2.21; FeO, 0.60; CaƆ, 0.08; MgO, 0.12; K2O, 0.13; Na2O, 0.14; HSO4, 0.04; Cl, trace; P2O5, 0.01; H2O, 0.56; organic matter, 1.61. 43. Surface soil, from Richards's farm, Jackson, Camden County, New Jersey. This soil was taken from old fields not under cultivation at present.. 44. Subsoil, same. 45. Surface soil, from H. A. Green's farm, Atco, Camden County, New Jersey. Taken from the most sandy soil in the neighborhood. 46. Subsoil, same. 47. Surface soil, from Whiting's Station, Ocean County. Taken from the poorest soil of this vicinity, and represents but a small area of the surrounding country. 48. Subsoil, same. 49. Surface soil, from Hon. A. K. Hay's farm, Winslow, Camden County, New Jersey. Taken from woodland. 50. Subsoil, same. 51. Surface soil, from Twelfth street and First road, Hamilton, Atlantic County, New Jersey. Taken from the poorest of the tract. 52. Subsoil, same. 53. Surface soil, from H. Bahihr's farm, Egg Harbor City, N. J. This is considered the best soil for grapevines. 54. Subsoil, same. 55. Surface soil, from H. Hobel's, Egg Harbor City, N. J. This is a lighter soil and very sandy. 56. Subsoil, same. 57. Surface soil, from Dr. T. T. Price's lands, Tuckerton, Burlington County, New Jersey. Taken from woodland. 58. Subsoil, same. H.-POST TERTIARY SOILS. Average composition: SiO2, 85.41; Al2O3, 5.29; FeO, 1.36; CaO, 0.55; MgO, 0.37; K2O, 0.80; NaO, 0.26; HSO4, 0.03; Cl, trace; P2O5, 0.06; H2O, 1.37; organic matter, 4.14. 59. Surface soil, from Port Elizabeth, Cumberland County, New Jersey. Taken from roadside. This represents the more sandy portion of this part of the State. 60. Subsoil, same. 61. Surface soil, from Captain Van Gilder's lands, 1 mile from Searlville Station. Taken from soil not under cultivation. 62. Subsoil, same. 63. Subsoil No. 2, same. |