Chromosomes: Organization and FunctionIntegrating classical knowledge of chromosome organisation with recent molecular and functional findings, this book presents an up-to-date view of chromosome organisation and function for advanced undergraduate students studying genetics. The organisation and behaviour of chromosomes is central to genetics and the equal segregation of genes and chromosomes into daughter cells at cell division is vital. This text aims to provide a clear and straightforward explanation of these complex processes. Following a brief historical introduction, the text covers the topics of cell cycle dynamics and DNA replication; mitosis and meiosis; the organisation of DNA into chromatin; the arrangement of chromosomes in interphase; euchromatin and heterochromatin; nucleolus organisers; centromeres and telomeres; lampbrush and polytene chromosomes; chromosomes and evolution; chromosomes and disease, and artificial chromosomes. Topics are illustrated with examples from a wide variety of organisms, including fungi, plants, invertebrates and vertebrates. This book will be valuable resource for plant, animal and human geneticists and cell biologists. Originally a zoologist, Adrian Sumner has spent over 25 years studying human and other mammalian chromosomes with the Medical Research Council (UK). One of the pioneers of chromosome banding, he has used electron microscopy and immunofluorescence to study chromosome organisation and function, and latterly has studied factors involved in chromosome separation at mitosis. Adrian is an Associate Editor of the journal Chromosome Research, acts as a consultant biologist and is also Chair of the Committee of the International Chromosome Conferences.
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Contents
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Organization and Function Chapter 3 DNA the genetic code | 24 |
Organization and Function Chapter 4 Assembly of chromatin | 44 |
Organization and Function Chapter 5 The chromosomes in interphase | 57 |
Organization and Function Chapter 6 Structure of mitotic and meiotic chromosomes | 70 |
Organization and Function Chapter 7 Constitutive heterochromatin | 84 |
Organization and Function Chapter 8 Sex chromosomes and sex determination | 97 |
Organization and Function Chapter 12 Centromeres kinetochores and the segregation of chromosomes | 143 |
Organization and Function Chapter 13 Telomeres | 159 |
Organization and Function Chapter 14 Lampbrush chromosomes | 171 |
Organization and Function Chapter 15 Polytene chromosomes | 182 |
Organization and Function Chapter 16 Chromosomes the karyotype and evolution | 194 |
Organization and Function Chapter 17 Chromosomes and disease | 206 |
Organization and Function Chapter 18 Chromosome engineering and artificial chromosomes | 228 |
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Organization and Function Chapter 9 Imprinting | 109 |
Organization and Function Chapter 10 Euchromatin and the longitudinal differentiation of chromosomes | 117 |
Organization and Function Chapter 11 The nucleolus and the nucleolus organizer regions NORs | 133 |
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Common terms and phrases
acetylation active anaphase artificial chromosomes autosomes bands Bickmore binding cancer Cell Biology cell cycle centromere cerevisiae checkpoint chro chromatin chromatin fibres chromo chromomeres complex condensation contain crossing-over Current Opinion diseases DNA molecule DNA replication DNA sequences Drosophila euchromatin eukaryotes factor Figure function G+C-rich Genetics and Development genome heterochro heterochromatin histone histone H1 homologous human chromosomes hybridization inactivation inactive interphase involved isochores kinetochore lampbrush chromosomes loops mammalian mammals matin mechanism meiosis meiotic melanogaster metaphase methylation microtubules mitosis mitotic chromosomes Molecular mosomes mouse mutations normal nuclear envelope nucleolus nucleosomes nucleus occur oocyte Opinion in Genetics organisms pairing patterns plants polymerase polytene chromosomes produce prophase proteins R-bands recombination regions repair repeats Reproduced with permission result ribosomal rRNA satellite DNA scaffold Section segregation sex chromosomes sex determination species spindle staining strand structure Sumner syndrome synthesis Table telomerase telomere length telomeres tion transcription tromeres X chromosome Xenopus yeast