Peripateticus Diodorus adiunxit. Hae sunt sententiae quae stabilitatis aliquid habeant; nam Aristonis, Pyrrhonis, Erilli nonnullorumque aliorum evanuerunt, de fin. 11 § 19, Ac. II § 139, Tusc. v § 85.

1. 23. copulavissent] § 77.

1. 25. finis bonorum] 'the limit of good' i.e. the chief good, summum bonum. The words et malorum are probably corrupt, as Cicero when speaking of both good and evil uses the plural fines, and also malorum is superfluous because Cic. is here speaking of the possibility of the union of virtue with pleasure as the highest spring of action.

1. 26. misceri cet.] 'be a compound and mixture of contradictory qualities.'

§ 120, 1. 27. de hoc] sc. fine bonorum.

1. 28. alio loco] sc. dictum est, in the second book de finibus bonorum et malorum. The ellipse of dicere or some verb of similar meaning is very common in Cic. See for exx. § 60 1. 32, § 106 1. 22, Nägelsbach Stilistik § 183, 1, Dräger hist. Synt. 1, 174, Index s. v. ellipsis.

1. 32. ut tribuamus aliquid voluptati] 'to make some admission in favour of pleasure,' not to exclude it altogether from consideration, a parenthetic final clause, I § 53, Kenn. Gr. p. 458.

1. 33. condimenti nonnihil habebit] 'will have somewhat of a relish,' serve as a sauce.' The pleasure or happiness of mind, which virtue calls forth, is not with the Stoics the end of virtue, but its sequel (éπiyévvnμa).

§ 121, 1. 35. perinde erit, ut cet.] i.e. magnum erit aut parvum, 'will be according to the use you make of it,' or 'according as you take it.' Sallust. Iug. 4 perinde habeantur, ut eorum qui ea sustinent virtus est.

P. 139, 1. 1. quamquam] 1 § 30 l. 15, § 76 1. 17.

1. 2. commentarios] i.q. vñoμvýμara, 'the lectures' of Cratippus to his pupils, n. to § 8 1. 23. The son writes to Tiro, ep. ad fam. XVI 21, multum mihi eripitur operae in exscribendis hypomnematis, i.e. 'the notes' taken down by himself from Cratippus' lectures.

1. 4. patria revocasset] Cp. ad fam. X 1, 1 posteaquam de medio cursu reip. sum voce revocatus. When Cicero found himself no longer secure in his country seat, and did not know which party to join, he set sail for Greece on the 17th July B.C. 44, but the wind drove his vessel back ashore. There he received intelligence of a change in political affairs, and heard that the stronger party did not approve of his voyage and also that M. Brutus invited him to work at Rome in the interest of his party; accordingly he returned to Rome. His death which happened on the 7th of December B. C. 43 prevented him from fulfilling his intention of visiting his son in Greece.

1. 5. his voluminibus] ablative of the manner.

1. 9. absens loquar] I 2 § 4, ad Att. XV 13, 6.

1. 10. te quidem] n. to I § 59.

END OF NOTES ON THE THIRD BOOK

SUPPLEMENT TO THE NOTES

BOOK I

CHAPTER I

§ 1, 1. 8. sed etiam in dicendi exerc.] In Cicero's time rhetorical teaching was carried on mainly in Greek. J. S. R. 1. 9] add Cat. de re rust. c. 77 ita uti placenta fit, eadem omnia facito. 1. 12. docti,' the educated,' πeñaidevμévoi, used esp. of philosophers: see n. on II § 2 l. 14.

§ 2, 1. 16. paenitebit] The verb paenitet ought only to be used 'in voluntariis rebus,' as appears from Aulus Gellius N. A. XVII I. 1. 18. Neue 112 p. 394 says the form in re is in the fut. commoner than -ris in Cic., but I am not sure that he is right. J. S. R. 1. 19. orationem] i.q. orationis facultatem 1. 9. Cf. Brutus 165 satis in eo fuisse orationis atque ingeni, below § 13 n. autem may be translated whilst': similarly at 1 § 140 l. 1, que § 92 1. 25, et III § 51 1. 5, nec I § 29 1. 7. 1. 22. apte] apta oratio is opp. to infracta, soluta, dissoluta, fluens, dissipata. (M.) In the quotation from Cic. de or. 111 53 after verbis dicunt add et in ipsa oratione quasi quendam numerum versumque conficiunt.

§ 3, 1. 4. The meaning of vis is 'force,' 'energy,' rather than 'strength.' Cf. orator 62 quamquam philosophi quidam ornate_locuti sunt...tamen horum oratio neque nervos neque aculeos oratorios ac forenses habet. 1. 7. video] i.e. legendo vel audiendo cognovi, § 90 l. I note, Reid on Acad. II § 129 p. 329. 1. 8. elaboraret] cf. § 114, § 116, de orat. I 19 ex iis rebus universis eloquentia constat, in quibus singulis elaborare permagnum est. 1. 9. sequereturque] Que is very often thus employed to combine two notions which are to be considered as a connected whole. Cf. below § 11 1. 17, III 70 l. 14: et and atque are used similarly: thus ep. ad fam. v 2, 7 ea (iniuria) me affecit atque abeuntem magistratu contionis habendae potestate me privavit, Tusc. 1×17 geram tibi morem et explicabo. See Madv. Gr. § 433. 1. 10. disputandi] meaning speech as an expression of thought, I 34 1. 6, III § II 1. 8 note, § 20 1. 13. in hoc numero] with numerus, genus, multitudo this is the ordinary construction; sometimes the pronoun remains in the case of numerus, even when the subject numbered is added in the genitive, as or. in Verr. III 70 ex quo iudicum numero, V 160 in illo numero civium. Such an expression as id genus hominum remains unchanged, when a relative sentence follows, in which the pronoun refers to

hominum, as II § 72 1. 13, Verr. II 141 illud genus pecuniae, quae; the same holds good where a pronoun takes the place of the substantive as illud genus eorum qui § 119 1. 4, and even without an antecedent pronoun in the genitive as de fin. 111 70 ex eo genere quae prosunt, Quinct. 75 ex eo numero qui dicerent. Even adjectives are made to agree with genus and numerus, instead of with the genitive, e. g. Verr. v 53 ex illo Sertoria no numero militum, II 123 ne plures essent in senatu ex colonorum numero quam ex vetere Agrigentinorum, or. Phil. 111 3 ex invicto genere veteranorum militum. Cf. Reid on Cic. de am. § 38 1. 22, Madv. Fin. III $ 70, Draeger Histor. Synt. § 100, supplementary note on § 120 1. 20. 1. 13. aliorum sit iudicium] cf. 111 § 110 l. 34, ep. ad fam. VII § 55, § 110; XIV 18, I id non solum meum consilium est, sed etiam vestrum, de fat. 3 optio sit tua, Verr. 1 142 probatio futura est tua, Cael. 4 est ista vestra existimatio, Cluent. 80 quem ad modum audiar sentio, non modo ab iis quorum iudicium ac potestas est sed etiam ab illis, quorum tantum est existimatio. 1. 14. secuti sumus, aimed at obtaining': cf. § 35 1. 15, de nat. deor. I 11 sq. si singulas disciplinas percipere magnum est, quanto magis omnis. Cuius rei tantae tamque difficilis facultatem consecutum esse me non profiteor, secutum esse prae me fero. Acad. II § 70 with Reid's note. 1. 17. tenuisset, had remained true to.' pronuntiare, 'to deliver,' 'give expression to.' The Latin equivalent to our pronounce' is appellare or dicere, cf. 111 § 66 1. 30 and see Sorof on de orat. I § 66, 111 § 56.

CHAPTER II

§ 4, 1. 18. de Aristotele et Isocrate] on this rivalry between Isocrates and Aristotle see an instructive note by Mr Sandys in his admirable edition of the Orator (Cambridge, 1885) § 62 p. 70. 1. 22. multa posthac] III § 121 1. 9. maxime volui] 'I wished, if possible,' as in Greek μáλIOTA μÉv—el dè μý. Cf. or. Phil. VIII 31 extr. huius industriam maxime quidem vellem ut imitarentur-—, secundo autem loco, ne alterius labori inviderent, ep. ad fam. XVI 21, 8 peto ut_librarius mittatur, maxime quidem Graecus, part. orat. 132 vel aliorum vel maxime, si poterit, eiusdem. 1. 24. in philosophia] see on III § 37 1. 6.

1. 27. vitae pars] cf. or. p. Cluent. 41 cum similem sui fuisse in ceteris quoque vitae partibus, or. p. Font. 49 frugi hominem et in omnibus vitae partibus moderatum ac temperantem. By vita is meant 'way or mode of life,' 'conduct' (as in 1 § 98, § 108, § 111 bis, § 112, § 120); or 'course of action,' 'doings' as here and below § 136, § 155, 111 § 61, I § 144 where it is opposed to oratio, II § 11 where it is opp. to mens; or 'calling', 'vocation' as in 1 § 117. 1. 29. si tecum agas: cf. III 1 1. 7, Tusc. 2, 51 sermoque intimus cum ipse secum: Caue, turpe, quicquam, languidum, non uirile. J. S. R. in eoque] see n. on § 22 l. 32.

1. 30.

§ 5, 1. 34. Cf. also Fin. S$ 15-21. J. S. R. 1. 5. naturae bonitate] cf. also § 67 l. 17, Fin. 2 § 28 deinde ubi erubuit (Epicurus), uis enim est permagna naturae; ib. 2 § 58 nonne intellegas eo maiorem uim esse naturae quod ipsi uos etc. J. S. R.

§ 6, 1. 12. officii praecepta] below § 7, 11 § 2 benevolentiae praecepta, II § 51 1. 28. 1. 19. dilectum] § 45, § 49, III § 46. 1. 22. ut interpretes] cf. 11 601. 33 Panaetius quem secutus sum, non interpretatus, Ac. 1, 8 Menippum imitati, non interpretati. J. S. R. e fontibus eorum, 'from them as sources,' the epexegetic gen. Cf. § 48 1. 27 s. n.

§ 7, 1. 28. The verb suscipitur goes too closely with a ratione to permit of the latter phrase being disconnected from the action of the verb. If the reading a ratione be right, ratio must be personified and substituted for sapiente. If ratione be the right reading it will be as in the not uncommon phrase ratione concludere aliquid. Cf. Acad. 1 § 39 perturbationes...opinionis iudicio suscipi. J. S. R.

CHAPTER III

§ 7, 1. 34. conformari, 'to be improved,' 'perfected': de fin. IV 5 (pars philosophiae) qua mores conformari putantur, i.e. 'practical Ethics,' institutio vitae communis.

P. 6, 1. 3. quorum autem officiorum etc.] instead of posterioris generis. But the sentence is illogically constructed: to be symmetrical with the proposed duplex quaestio, it should rather have been alterum genus quaestionis est, quod positum est in praeceptis.

§ 8, 1. 9. officium dicitur] abbreviated for officium est quod dicitur, 'there is a so-called duty.' See J. B Mayor's note on Cic. de nat. d. 118 51 p. 152. 1. 10. perfectum officium etc.] Cicero means to say that the proper terms are respectively medium and perfectum. But he prefers to use rectum instead of the latter, as a better rendering of the Greek word κатóрowμа. The mention of this Greek term leads him incidentally to give the alternative word for medium viz. commune. See an excellent note by Reid Acad. I § 37. vocemus] cf. Acad. 2, 17 si placet nominemus; also my n. on dicemus ib. 2 § 31. J. S. R. definiunt ut definiant] add to the exx. quoted III § 11, 1. 16 ita sunt assensi ut censerent, Tusc. v § 88 ita sentit ut putet. [Cf. similar tautologies in my Addenda to the or. p. Archia § 3, 1. 12 (last edition); also or. p. Tullio 47, permittere ut liceat. J. S. R.] Observe that rectum here =recte factum, not rectum officium. 1. 14. quod cur factum sit etc.] cf. below § 101, de fin. III 58 quod ita factum est, ut eius facti probabilis ratio reddi possit, Diog. Laert. VII 107 ὁ πραχθὲν εὐλογόν τιν ̓ ἴσχει ἀπολογισμόν.

1. 12.

sic

§ 9, 1. 16. nam] 'namely,' like Gr. yap, merely prefaces the statement: so above 1. 8 § 28 1. 24, II § 44 l. 19, § 49 1. 9. 1. 18. animi] plur. 'the mind'; cf. my n. on Acad. I, 20 ingeniis. J. S. R. 1. 21. I think rerum merely means 'in general'; for which use see my n. on Acad. 2 § 148. J. S. R. 1. 26. revocare] Ac. 2 § 139 reuocat uirtus uel potius reprehendit manu. J. S. R.

§ 10, 1. 28. hac divisione] an instrumental abl., which we should translate by 'in' or 'by.' (M.) I think in has fallen out between hac and diuisione. J. S. R. 1. 30. sit] the indefinite subject is omitted, as is often the case in indirect questions, cf. § 161 1. 5. 11 § 71 1. 35 and see Reid on Acad. I § 2 p. 88. 1. 32. triplicem rationem, 'a division

into three,' II § 48 l. 23, § 49 l. 10, § 52 l. 17.

CHAPTER IV

§ 11, 1. 5. a natura tributum] the preposition is used, as commonly, when natura is strongly personified. Cf. § 13 animus bene informatus a natura, § 103 ita generati a natura, § 118 a natura datum. The simple ablative natura is used as a pure adverbøure with adjectives and verbs. See Reid on Acad. I § 15 1. 8. se vitam corpusque] uitam corpusque are explanatory of, not parallel to, se. The sense is as though id est were put after se. J. S. R. 1. 9. commune, 'a common property.' Add to the exx. of neuter adj. Tusc. II 31 turpitudo peius est quam