A Compendious History of the Cotton-manufacture: With a Disproval of the Claim of Sir Richard Arkwright to the Invention of Its Ingenious Machinery |
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Page 3
... draw ponderous loads of fuel , limestone or other substances , along rail ways without the help of beasts - set in motion machinery , to which mere human strength was unequal - cross the seas independent , and even in despite of winds ...
... draw ponderous loads of fuel , limestone or other substances , along rail ways without the help of beasts - set in motion machinery , to which mere human strength was unequal - cross the seas independent , and even in despite of winds ...
Page 7
... drawn out and twisted : thus was formed a continued coarse thread or roving . The rovings were then taken to the spinner to be con- verted into weft . The hand wheel was again used for this purpose , and the rovings were drawn out into ...
... drawn out and twisted : thus was formed a continued coarse thread or roving . The rovings were then taken to the spinner to be con- verted into weft . The hand wheel was again used for this purpose , and the rovings were drawn out into ...
Page 13
... drawn back about half a yard ; the roving was thus drawn out into weft , the neces- sary twist was then given by a few turns of the wheel , and finally the weft was wound upon the spindle . See plate 3. fig . 3. Highs ' Jenny performed ...
... drawn back about half a yard ; the roving was thus drawn out into weft , the neces- sary twist was then given by a few turns of the wheel , and finally the weft was wound upon the spindle . See plate 3. fig . 3. Highs ' Jenny performed ...
Page 14
... drawn out , he lifted the bobbin , the clove thus remained stationary while he gave the weft the proper degree of twist by a few turns of the drum . The clove was then lowered , which wound the weft upon the spindles . See plate 6 ...
... drawn out , he lifted the bobbin , the clove thus remained stationary while he gave the weft the proper degree of twist by a few turns of the drum . The clove was then lowered , which wound the weft upon the spindles . See plate 6 ...
Page 16
... drawn out considerably " in passing through the rollers . " The effect of the machine , as described by Aikin , if it could act at all , would be to reduce the roving to its original state . left hand of the distaff spinner draws it ...
... drawn out considerably " in passing through the rollers . " The effect of the machine , as described by Aikin , if it could act at all , would be to reduce the roving to its original state . left hand of the distaff spinner draws it ...
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Common terms and phrases
afterwards alternate thread Arkwright's patent axis axle Benjamin Butler bobbin Britain carding and roving Carding Engine cloth clove Cotton Manufacture Crank and Comb distaff Dressing Frame drum employed England English exported factories Feeder FIGURE five fleece fluted Fly Shuttle foreign weavers Fustian hand cards hand Weavers hand wheel hanks Hargrave's healds hundred inches Indian ingenious invented the Jenny inventor James Hargrave John Kay labour Lancashire lathe left hand Louis the 14th machinery Manchester ment MP Calvert Mule neighbours Nottingham obtained pair of rollers Parish pieces plate produced reed reel revolve round Roving Frame rovings passed says second cylinder second pair Sergeant shuttle Sir Richard Arkwright skewers spindles spinner Spinning Jenny spinning machine Steam Loom take the cotton tell thing Thomas Highs Thomas Leather told took treddle trial turned by strings twenty twist Warrington Water Frame weave weft Wirksworth wound yard yarn yarn spun
Popular passages
Page 45 - The warp was placed perpendicularly, the reed fell with a force of at least half a hundred weight, and the springs which threw the shuttle were strong enough to have thrown a Congreve rocket. In short, it required the strength of two powerful men to work the machine at a slow rate, and only for a short time.
Page 45 - I then had of the business, there could only be three movements, which were to follow each other in succession, there would be little difficulty in producing and repeating them. Full of these ideas, I immediately employed a carpenter and smith to carry them into effect. As soon as the machine was finished, I got a weaver to put in the warp, which was of such materials as sail cloth is usually made of. To my great delight, a piece of cloth, such as it was, was the produce.
Page 46 - In steam looms, the lathe gives a steady, certain blow, and when once regulated by the engineer, moves with the greatest precision from the beginning to the end of the piece. Cloth made by these looms, when seen by those manufacturers who employ hand weavers, at once excites admiration and a consciousness that their own workmen cannot equal it.
Page 12 - ... could procure weft enough to keep themselves constantly employed. It was no uncommon thing for a weaver to walk three or four miles in a morning, and call on five or six spinners, before he could collect weft to serve him for the remainder of the day ; and when he wished to weave a piece in a shorter time than usual, a new ribbon, or gown, was necessary to quicken the exertions of the spinner.
Page 44 - One of the company observed, that as soon as Arkwright's patent expired, so many mills would be erected, and so much cotton spun, that hands never could be found to weave it.
Page 45 - Some little time afterwards a particular circumstance recalling this conversation to my mind, it struck me that, as in plain weaving, according to the conception I then had of the business, there could only be three movements, which were to follow each other in succession, there would be little difficulty in producing and repeating them. Full of these ideas, I immediately employed a carpenter and smith to carry them into effect. As soon as the machine was finished...
Page 44 - to be at Matlock in the summer of 1784, I fell in company with some gentlemen of Manchester, when the conversation turned on Arkwright's spinning machinery. One of the company observed that as soon as Arkwright's patent expired, so many mills would be erected, and so much cotton spun, that hands would never be found to weave it.
Page 46 - The best hand-weavers seldom produce a piece of uniform evenness ; indeed, it is next to impossible for them to do so, because a weaker or stronger blow with the lathe immediately alters the thickness of the cloth ; and after an interruption of some hours, the most experienced weaver finds it difficult to recommence with a blow of precisely the same force as the one with which he left off. In steam-looms the lathe gives a steady, certain blow, and, when once regulated by the engineer, moves with...
Page 8 - Manchester merchants began to give out warps and raw cotton to the weavers, receiving them back in cloth, and paying for the carding, roving, spinning, and weaving...