A Compendious History of the Cotton-manufacture: With a Disproval of the Claim of Sir Richard Arkwright to the Invention of Its Ingenious Machinery |
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Page 7
... placed between two beams about five feet asunder ; half way between the beams the warp passed through a frame work of looped threads , called healds , each alternate thread of the warp going с through one heald , and the other threads ...
... placed between two beams about five feet asunder ; half way between the beams the warp passed through a frame work of looped threads , called healds , each alternate thread of the warp going с through one heald , and the other threads ...
Page 9
... placed on a frame a yard or two distant from the reel , and the threads from them pass through a slide which moves perpendicularly up and down an upright piece of wood ; this slide is suspended by a cord coiled round the axis of the ...
... placed on a frame a yard or two distant from the reel , and the threads from them pass through a slide which moves perpendicularly up and down an upright piece of wood ; this slide is suspended by a cord coiled round the axis of the ...
Page 13
... placed in front , and a string from each spindle went round a wooden drum or cylinder , which turned on a per- pendicular axis . The drum was turned by an horizontal handle . The rovings were fixed on skewers at the back of the Jenny ...
... placed in front , and a string from each spindle went round a wooden drum or cylinder , which turned on a per- pendicular axis . The drum was turned by an horizontal handle . The rovings were fixed on skewers at the back of the Jenny ...
Page 16
... placed the rovings on skewers at the back of the machine ; from the skewers the rovings passed between two rollers , placed horizontally , the one above the other ; the lower rol- ler was furrowed or fluted lengthwise , and the upper ...
... placed the rovings on skewers at the back of the machine ; from the skewers the rovings passed between two rollers , placed horizontally , the one above the other ; the lower rol- ler was furrowed or fluted lengthwise , and the upper ...
Page 19
... placed parallel to the axis of the cylinder . These stripes were five or six inches broad , and from twelve to twenty inches long , according to the length of the cylinder . In the circumference of the second cylinder there were eight ...
... placed parallel to the axis of the cylinder . These stripes were five or six inches broad , and from twelve to twenty inches long , according to the length of the cylinder . In the circumference of the second cylinder there were eight ...
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Common terms and phrases
afterwards alternate thread Arkwright's patent axis axle Benjamin Butler bobbin Britain carding and roving Carding Engine cloth clove Cotton Manufacture Crank and Comb distaff Dressing Frame drum employed England English exported factories Feeder FIGURE five fleece fluted Fly Shuttle foreign weavers Fustian hand cards hand Weavers hand wheel hanks Hargrave's healds hundred inches Indian ingenious invented the Jenny inventor James Hargrave John Kay labour Lancashire lathe left hand Louis the 14th machinery Manchester ment MP Calvert Mule neighbours Nottingham obtained pair of rollers Parish pieces plate produced reed reel revolve round Roving Frame rovings passed says second cylinder second pair Sergeant shuttle Sir Richard Arkwright skewers spindles spinner Spinning Jenny spinning machine Steam Loom take the cotton tell thing Thomas Highs Thomas Leather told took treddle trial turned by strings twenty twist Warrington Water Frame weave weft Wirksworth wound yard yarn yarn spun
Popular passages
Page 45 - The warp was placed perpendicularly, the reed fell with a force of at least half a hundred weight, and the springs which threw the shuttle were strong enough to have thrown a Congreve rocket. In short, it required the strength of two powerful men to work the machine at a slow rate, and only for a short time.
Page 45 - I then had of the business, there could only be three movements, which were to follow each other in succession, there would be little difficulty in producing and repeating them. Full of these ideas, I immediately employed a carpenter and smith to carry them into effect. As soon as the machine was finished, I got a weaver to put in the warp, which was of such materials as sail cloth is usually made of. To my great delight, a piece of cloth, such as it was, was the produce.
Page 46 - In steam looms, the lathe gives a steady, certain blow, and when once regulated by the engineer, moves with the greatest precision from the beginning to the end of the piece. Cloth made by these looms, when seen by those manufacturers who employ hand weavers, at once excites admiration and a consciousness that their own workmen cannot equal it.
Page 12 - ... could procure weft enough to keep themselves constantly employed. It was no uncommon thing for a weaver to walk three or four miles in a morning, and call on five or six spinners, before he could collect weft to serve him for the remainder of the day ; and when he wished to weave a piece in a shorter time than usual, a new ribbon, or gown, was necessary to quicken the exertions of the spinner.
Page 44 - One of the company observed, that as soon as Arkwright's patent expired, so many mills would be erected, and so much cotton spun, that hands never could be found to weave it.
Page 45 - Some little time afterwards a particular circumstance recalling this conversation to my mind, it struck me that, as in plain weaving, according to the conception I then had of the business, there could only be three movements, which were to follow each other in succession, there would be little difficulty in producing and repeating them. Full of these ideas, I immediately employed a carpenter and smith to carry them into effect. As soon as the machine was finished...
Page 44 - to be at Matlock in the summer of 1784, I fell in company with some gentlemen of Manchester, when the conversation turned on Arkwright's spinning machinery. One of the company observed that as soon as Arkwright's patent expired, so many mills would be erected, and so much cotton spun, that hands would never be found to weave it.
Page 46 - The best hand-weavers seldom produce a piece of uniform evenness ; indeed, it is next to impossible for them to do so, because a weaker or stronger blow with the lathe immediately alters the thickness of the cloth ; and after an interruption of some hours, the most experienced weaver finds it difficult to recommence with a blow of precisely the same force as the one with which he left off. In steam-looms the lathe gives a steady, certain blow, and, when once regulated by the engineer, moves with...
Page 8 - Manchester merchants began to give out warps and raw cotton to the weavers, receiving them back in cloth, and paying for the carding, roving, spinning, and weaving...