-auri -ōri -orri -ūri -urri -erri mölāris (m. sc. dens, abl. in -i); nāris (f.); pugillares (m. sc. codicilli). Neuters: altāria (pl.), alveāre, calcăr, cochleare, exemplar (exemplāre Lucr.), lacunar, lăqueăr, lépânăr, pulvīnăr, tālāria (pl.), torcŭlar. auris (f.). discolor, versicolor (adj.). torris (m.); extorris (adj.). būris (m. acc. in -im; no abl. found; also with -a stem); turris (f. acc. usually in -im; abl. often in -i). (8) Stems in -si. All retain -i in the nom. sing., except as, mas, mus, glis. -ăsi (-ări) mās (m.). -assi as (m. rarely assis). So also its compound semis: but bessis, decussis, centussis, &c. (probably adjectives) are parisyllabic. Casses (m. pl. also casse abl. s.); classis (f, abl. often in -i). -ūsi (-ūri) mūs (m.); plūs (11. abl. s. plure rare, no dat. s.; in plural nom. plüres (m. f.), plüra (n.); gen. plūrium; dat. abl. pluribus; so also complures (plur.), but compluria once Ter. and so in other old writers (Gell. v. 21). -ussi -essi amussim (m, only acc. s.); tussis (f. acc. in -im ; abl. messis (f. acc. sometimes in -im); něcesse (indec. also necessum, necessus, &c. in præ-Ciceronian writers and Lucr.), -isi (-īri) glis (m.); vis (f, acc. vim, abl, vi, gen, and dat. rare: in plural acc. vis is found once or twice in Lucr., but the regular pl. is vīres). -nsi -xi ensis (m.). Also numerous derivative adjectives; e. g. Castrensis, Narbonensis, &c. So atriensis (m. sc. servus abl. rarely in -e); circenses (m. pl. sc. ludi); Maluginensis (as proper name with abl. in -e); bimensis (adj.). For mensis see § 460. axis (m. also written assis; abl. rarely in -1). 432 Examples of declensions of stems in -ri, and declension of vis. 433 The suffixes for masc. and fem. nouns with stems ending in a 434 consonant are: Singular Nom. -s (which however has fallen off or was intolerable in stems ending in -n, -1, -r): Acc. -em; Gen. -is ; Dat. -ī; Abl. -ě. Plural Nom. Acc. -ēs. Gen. -um. Dat. Abl. -Ĭbus. For the older forms see Chap. XII. The locative was usually the same as the ablative, but in some words what was probably its original form remains, the same as the dat. (e.g. Carthagině or Carthagini; tempori (written tempĕri), ruri). These suffixes are appended without alteration of the stem except for nom. sing. The suffixes of neuter nouns differ from the above only in having the bare stem, sometimes with the vowel modified, for nom. acc. sing.; and -ă (instead of -es) suffixed for nom. acc. plural. A large proportion of the consonant stems have two syllables, 435 the second syllable being a derivative suffix. The final stem con sonant is always preceded by a vowel (except in cor, from stem cord-, mensis, volucris), and this preceding vowel generally short1. (Comp. § 408.) The principal exceptions to this short quantity are the numerous stems in -tāt, -ōn, -ōr and a few in -īc. The following enumeration is tolerably complete, except that specimens only are given of such classes of derivatives as contain very numerous instances. I. Stems ending in mutes (and m). Stems ending in mutes form the nominative singular by adding s, but the dentals (t, d) being assimilated to it fall away. A short ĕ preceding the final stem consonant is usually changed to ĭ in other cases than the nom. sing. (§ 234. 3 b). e. g. princep nom. princeps, acc. princip-em; jūděc- nom. judex, acc. jüdic-em; rādīc- nom. rādix, acc. rādīc-em; équětnom, ĕquès, acc. équit-em; pěd- nom. pēs, acc. pĕd-em. Only three substantives are neuter, viz. alec (also alex f.), căput (with its derivatives occiput, sincĭput) and cor. The adjectives have no neut. nom. acc. plural. -ǎp -Ŏp (a) Labial Stems. daps (f. nom. s. rare; no gen. pl.). ops (f. nom. s. only as name of goddess); inops (adj.). -ěp (-up) auceps (m.); manceps (m. mancip- is more usual than the older mancúp-). -ěp (-ip) forceps (m. f.); municeps (m. f.); princeps (adj. abl. s. always in -ě)2; particeps (adj. abl. s. always in -ě); adeps (m. f. sometimes written adips: no gen. pl.). -ip stip-em (f. no certain nom. s. or gen. pl.). -ěb (-Ib) cælebs (adj.). -m hiemps (f. sometimes written hiems; cf. § 70). 1 Consequently, the accentuation of the syllables is not altered, as it would have been, if the gen. pl. had ended in -ium, or neut. nom. acc. pl. in -ia; e.g. prínceps, principum, but principium, princípia. 2 The genitives, municipium once or twice in inscriptions, principium often in MSS. of Livy, forcipium in extract from Lucilius, are probably only mistakes of scribes. So hospitium in good MSS. of Cic. and Liv., obsidium in Liv. and Cæs., judicium, artificium, &c. 436 437 (a) Stems in-c: (b) Guttural Stems. fax (f. no gen. pl.; old nom. s. faces); frăces (f. plur. no gen.). crux (f. no gen. pl.); nux (f.); dux (m. f.); tradux (m. rarely f.); redux (adj. abl. in -1 except as oblique predicate); trux (adj. no gen. pl.). fœnisex (m.); nex (f.); prěc-em (f. no nom. s.); rĕsex (m.); seminĕc-em (adj. no nom. s.). 433 -ěc (-ic) Chiefly masculine. ǎpex (m.); cārex (f.); caudex or 439 Semi-adjectival compounds; e. g. index (m. f.); jūdex (m. f.); vindex (m. f.); artifex (m. f.; abl. sing. as adjective in -1); carnifex (m. f.); ŏpifex (m, f.); pontifex (m. f.); auspex (m. f.); extispex (m. f.). Adjectives: supplex (abl. i in prose; è frequently in metre); bivertex, &c. ibic-em (m. acc. s.); pantices (m. pl.); urpicem (m. acc. sing.; irpices nom. pl.) are not found in nom. sing. Chiefly feminine. appendix (f.); călix (m., kúλığ f.); 44° coxendix (f.); dicis (gen. s. only in phrase dicis causā or gratiā); filix (f.); fornix (m.); fùlix (f. usually fulica); larix (m. f.); pix (f. no gen. pl.); sălix (f.); struix (f.); vārix (m. f.); vic-em (f.; no nom. sing. or gen. pl.). limax (usually f.). For adjectives see § 414. vox (f.). lux (f. abl. sometimes in -1; no gen. pl.). ālex or hallex (f. also a neuter form alec or halec); vervex (m.). All feminine. cicatrix; cervix; cornix; cóturnix; lōdix; 441 mātrix; měrětrix (the adjective has 1 stem); nātrix; nūtrix; rādix; vibic-em (nom. sing. not found). (Of -üg -ĕg -ig -üg -ēg (B) cicatrix, cervix, meretrix, instances of an acc. pl. in -18 are found). Stems in -g: conjunx, often written conjux (m. f.); þíjúgem, quadrijù- rex (m.); lex (f.); exlex (adj. only nom. and exlēgem, (c) Dental Stems. 442 -ǎt -Ŏt -út (a) Stems in -t : ǎnas (f.), (gen. anitum, C. N. D. 2. 48). compos (adj.); impŏs (adj.). intercus (adj. not found in abl. s. or nom. acc. or gen. pl.). -ut (-It) căput (n. abl. in -1, Catull.); occiput (n.); sincïput (n.). -ět Nom. sing. in -ēs; ǎbiēs (f.); ǎriēs (m.); păriēs (m). Nom. sing. in -ěs; interpres (m. f.); indiges (m., rare in sing.); perpes (adj. abl. sometimes in -1); præpes (adj. abl. sometimes in -i); sèges (f.); těges (f.); impětě (abl. s. also rarely impětis gen. sing.). -ět (-ĭt) Nom. sing. in -ĕs; 443 Substantives: ǎmes (m.?); cæspes (m.); fōmes (m.); 444 gurges (m.); līmes (m.); merges (f.?); palmes (m.); poples (m.); stīpes (m.); termes (m.); trāmes (m.). Semi-adjectival: antistes (m. f., also antistita f.); cæles (m., also in Ovid cælitibus regnis); cocles (m.); comes (m. f.); èques (m.); hospes (m., sometimes in poetry f.; also hospita, as f. sing. and neut. pl.); mīles (m. f.); pèdes (m. f.); præstes (m. f.); sătelles (m. f.); vēles (m.). Adjectives: ales (mostly as subst. m. f.; gen. pl. usually, because in dactylic verse, alituum); Cæres of Care (from which Vergil has abl. Cærēte, and gen. |