•ūco ær-uca, verdigris (æs-); căd-ucus, falling (căd-ěre); car

ruca, a carriage; ēruca, a caterpillar, colewort; festuca, a stalk; fistuca, a pile-driver; lact-uca, a lettuce (lacti-); mand-ucus, a chewer (mand-ěre); sabucus (sambucus),

f., elder-tree; verruca, a wart. -ico The i seems to be at least in some cases the result of con- 774

traction with a final vowel; e.g. = oi, ei, &c. 1. Adjectives: àm-icus, friendly (amā-re); ant-icus, in front (ante); ăpr-icus, sunny; mend-icus, of beggars; post-icus, bebind (post, old poste); půd-icus, shamefast (půdēre).

Substantives: formica, an ant; lect-ica, a sedan (lecto-); lor-ica, a breast-plate (of leathern thongs; loro-); lumbricus, a worm; Nas-ica (m.), (nāso-); rubr-ica, red paint, red heading (rubro-); vēsica, a bladder; umbil-icus, the navel (comp. dupalós); urtica, a nettle (comp. ūr-ěre). See also in $ 767.2 b. i-aco Ægypt-1-ăcus, of Ægypt (Ægypto-); Corinthiacus, of Co- 775

rinth (Corintho-); Nü-i-ăcus, of the Nile (N710-).

2.

-cu

See § 395.

2. Stems ending in -cu, -ci, -C.

ăcus (m. f.), a needle (comp. āc-ěr, åk-wkń); 776 arcus (m.), a bow; ficus (f.), a figtree; lăcus (m.), a pool (comp. lăcūna, lā-ma, lák-os, dákkos); pěcu (n.), a head of cattle; porticus (f.), a colonnade (comp. portu-); qvercus (f.), an oak; spěcus (m.), a cave (comp. otéos). -ci arx (f.), a citadel (comp. arcēre); calx (f.), (1) chalk,

(2) a beel; dulcis, sweet (comp: yaukós); fascis (m.), a bundle; fæx (f.), dregs; fauces (m. pl.), throat; lanx (f.), à dish; lux (f.), light; merx (f.), merchandise; piscis (m.), a fish; torqvis (m.), a collar (comp. torqvēre, to twist).

crux (f.), a cross; dux (m.), a leader; fax (f.), a link;

frăces (m. pl.), oil-dregs; nex (f.), death; nux (f.), a nut; prex (not found in nom. s.), (f.), a prayer; trux, cruel; vic-em (m. f.), a change; vox (f.), a voice. -ěc (-ic) This is a diminutival suffix, and forms substantives.

ăpex (m.), the top point; cārex (f.), sedge; caudex, codex (m.), a tree-trunk, wooden tablets; cīmex (m.), a bug; cortex (m. f.), bark of a tree; củlex (m.), a gnat; forfex (m. f.), scissors; frútex (m.), a shrub; îlex (f.), an ilex ; imbr-ex (m.), tile (imbri-); låtex (m.), water; mūrex (m.), the purple fish;

-C

a

777

779

pæl-ex, pel-ex (f.), a concubine (a transcription of málaf); põdex (m.); pollex (m.), a thumb; pūlex (m.), a flea (comp. yula); pūmex (m.), à pumice stone; rāmex (m.), a (branching) bloodvessel (rāmo-); růmex (m. f.), sorrei; sěn-ex (m.), an old man (comp. évos); silex (m. f.), flint; sorex (m.), a shrew mouse (comp. Õpas); vort-ex, vert-ex (m.), a whirl, the top of a thing (vert-ěre).

(Ju-dex, arti-fex, au-spex, simplex, &c. are compounds; obices from obicere; illex from illicere. See $ 395.) -ic append-ix (f.), an appendage (append-ěre); cox-end-ix (f.), 778

the hip (coxa-); filix (f.), a fern; forn-ix (m.), a vault (forno-, an oven); lărix, a larch; sălix, a willow (comp. edíkn); stru-ix (f.), a heap (strui-, struěre); vār-ix, a dilated vein (vāro-); and a few others (see § 440). -āci 1. Adjectives; almost all from verb stems:

aud-ax, daring (audère); căp-ax, capacious (căpe-re); contům-ax, obstinate (tůmēre); dịc-ax, witty (dic-, comp. maledic-us); ēd-ax, eating away (ěd-ěre); effic-ax, effèctual (făce-re); $max, fond of making purchases (ěm-ěre); fail-ax, deceptive (fall-ěre); får-ax, fruitful (fěr-re); fŭg-ax, runaway (fügě-re); für-ax, thievish (furā-ri); loqv-ax, talkative (loqvi); mend-ax, lying (comp. mentī-ri); min-ax, threatening (minā-ri); mord-ax, biting (mor-dēre); nūg-ax, trifling (nugā-ri); proc-ax, forward in manner (prócā-re); pugn-ax, quarrelsome (pugnā-re); răp-ax, rapacious (råpě-re); săg-ax, sagacious (comp. præ-sāgí-re); săl-ax, lustful (salīre); děqv-ax, pursuing (seqvi); perspic-ax, clear-sighted (spěcě-re); tăgax, light-fingered (tag-, tangere); těn-ax, tenacious (těnēre); vēr-ax, truthful (vēro-); pervic-ax, stubborn (vinc-ěre); vīv-ax, lifefull, longlived (viv-ěre); võr-ax, voracious (võrā-re); and some others little used.

Substantives: forn-ax (f.), a kiln (fortio-); pax (f.), peace. Also (with suffix -āc): līm-ax (f.), a slug (limo-). -Ōci Adjectives: atr-ox, cruel (atro-, black); fer-ox, high- 780

spirited (féro-, wild); solox, coarse (of wool, only in Festus); vēl-ox, swift (võlā-re?).

Substantive: cěl-ox (f.), a yacht (comp. cèl-er, kéans). -ēc ālex (f.), fish brine; verv-ex (m.), a wether. -Ici 1. Adjectives: fêl-ix, happy; pernix, active (n1-ti, cf. 781

$ 707).

Substantives; all feminine. cervix, a neck-bone (?), the neck; cor-n-ix, a crow (comp. cor-vus, kop-uv-n, kóp-as); coturnix, a quail; jūn-ix, a

2.

īc

2.

*fect

) Semi-adjectival feminine substantives corresponding to 782

heifer (jůvěn-); lodix, a blanket; rād-ix, a root (comp. píša, and per,haps padevós, taper, rā-mus); vībix, a weal.

mātr-ix (f.), a breeder (māter); nütr-ix (f.), nurse (nutrire), are formed as if analogous to the words in the next section. -t-r-ic

nouns in -tör. The t is the participial or supine suffix. When used as adjectives they have -i stems (e.g. Victrīcia,

ultricia, $ 414). accusā-trix (Plaut. twice), accuser (accusā-); adjū-trix, helper (adjåva-re); al-trix, nourisher (ål-ěre); àmā-trix (Plaut., Mart.), à mistress (amā-re); bellā-trix, a warrior (bellā-re); cicātrix, a scar; conservā-trix (Cic. once), preserver (servā-re); contem-p-trix, despising (contemn-ěre); creā-trix, a creator (creā-re); cul-trix, a cultivator (col-ěre); adúcā-trix, trainer (edůcā-re); expul-trix, expeller (pell-ěre, pul-sum, § 152. 3); gěně-trix, a mother (gěn-, gigněre); guberna-trix, directress (gubernā-re); imperā-trix, commander (imperā-re); indagā-trix, a tracker out (indāgā-re); inven-trix, discoverer (věn-ā-re); měrě-trix, a courtesan (měrēre); mõli-trix (Suet.), a contriver (mõlī-ri); nā-trix, a water-snake (nā-re); obstě-trix, a midwife (stāre, cf. § 645); tex-trix (Mart.), webster, i.e. female weaver (tex-ěre); tons-trix, a barber (tondēré, $ 160.3); venā-trix, huntress (vēnāre); vic-trix, conquering (vincěre); ul-trix, avenging (ulc-isci, cf. $ 110. 2); and some others.

In mātrix, nūtrix (for nutrītrix?), tr belongs to the stem.

ܪ

Compound stem-endings: -coso, -īcủloso, S 814; -cundo, $ 820; -cīno, -cion, SS 840, 853; -cŭlo, -uncŭlo, -usculo, SS 862—864; -cěro, -cěri, $S 887, 902; -āceo, -ūceo, SS 920, 921; -cio, -tīcio, -cinio, SS 930, 931, 936.

I.

ü. Stems ending in -go, -870; -gi, -8, -gvi.

783 In most of these words the g belongs to the stem. go

Adjectives: largus, bountiful; longus, long; sāgus (usually sāga, f.), foretelling (comp. săg-āx); văgus, wan

dering; valgus, bow-legged (comp. vār-us). Substantives: alga, seaweed; bulga, a bag (Gallic word); căliga, a half-boot (coinp. calc-eus); fāgus (f.), a beech-tree (comp. anyós, oak); frāga (pl.), strawberries; füg-a, flight (comp. puyn); fungus, a mushroom (comp. opóyyos); jŭg-um, a yoke (comp. (úryov, $ 141); merg-uɛ,

2.

-gi

a diver-fowl (merg-ère); merge. (pl.), a two-prong fork; nūgæ
(pl.), trifles (comp. nauco-); pāgus, a village; plăga, (1) a region,
(2) a snare; plāg-a, a blow (comp. plang-ěre, ahhocelv, minyn);
rðgus, a funeral pile (rég-ěre); rūga, a wrinkle; săgum, a soldier's
blanket, said by Polybius to be a Celtic word; but comp. sayń,
barness); strig-a, a swathe (comp. string-ěre); tergum, a back;
tog-a, a cloak (těg-ěre); virga, a switch (comp. vir-ére?).
-gvo lingva, the tongue (lingěre, to lick).

ambāges (f. pl.), goings round about (amb, åg-ěre); com- 784
pāges (f.), a fastening (compang-ěre); contāges (f.), con-
tagion (com, tang-ěre); jūgis (adj.), fresh; propages (f.),
offspring (comp. propāgā-re); strā-ges (f.), destruction
(comp. sternère, strā-to-).
conjunx, a consort (com, jėg-); frūg-em (f. no nom. sing.),
fruit, corn; grex (m.), a flock; lex (f.), a law (lėg-ěre, to
choose?); rex (m.), a king (rėg-ěre); strix (f.), a screech-owl.
angvis (m.f.), a snake (comp. čxis); ningvis (f. nix), snow
(comp. vip-erós); pingvis, fat (comp. mayús); ungvis
(m.), a nail (comp. ).

-g

Compound stem-endings: -gno, § 826; -gon, -āgon, -Llāgon, -ågon, -igon, § 845; -gneo, $ 922.

iii. Stems ending in -ho, -hi. trăba, a sledge ; vehes, a cart load (věh-ěre).

785

CHAPTER V.

DENTAL NOUN-STEMS.

i. Stems ending in -to (or -80 when presumably arisen from

a dental). -to Adjectives of quantity:

qvan-tus, how great (quam); qvar-tus, fourth (for 786 qvatvortus from qvattvor); qvin-tus (for qvinctus), fifth (qvinqve); quð-tus, how great (a part), i.e. what number (avo-, comp. qvot); sex-tus, sixth (sex); tan-tus, so great (tam); tổ-tus, so many-th; tõtus, whole.

Comp. 18-tus (1ste), that; ipsus (ipse), self.

-to (-so) 1. Adjectives:

787 (a) Participles, expressing completed action, done in the case of deponent verbs, and some others (S$ 734, 735); suffered in the case of verbs having also an active voice, and in many deponents (S 734).

A full enumeration is given in SS 689–709. See also &S 734, 735.

(6) Participles, or words of similar formation, used as adjectives of quality. (For -āto, &c. see below.)

al-sus, cool (alg-ēre); al-tus, high (ăl-ěre, to nourish); ap-tus, fit (àpi-sc-i); artus, narrow (arcēre, 10 confine); assus, roast (comp. äśw); blæsus, lisping (comp. Blacós, bandy-legged); brūtus, brute; cassus, empty; castus, chaste (comp. kadăpós); cătus, sharp; cel-sus, high (cell-ěre, to strike?); cer-tus, sure (cern-ěre); crassus, thick; cunctus, all (covinc-ire); curtus, docked (ccmp. Keipw); dēcrepitus (that has cracked off?), worn out (crepāre); densus, thick (comp. dao-ús); disser-tus, fluent (dissěrěre, to discuss); ēlixus, boiled (comp. laxus, prolixus); fal-sus, false (fallère); fastus (nějastus), lawful (fas); fessus, weary (făti-sc-i, to gape); fes-tus, festive (comp. fēr-iæ); fe-tus, pregnant (comp. fê-mina, fē-cundus, $ 99.6); frētus, relying; glütus, tenacious, soft (690); grātus, pleasing ; hirtus, shaggy; infes-tus, set on (cf. $ 704. n.); invītus, unwilling (for in-vic-tus? comp. Fek-, ékáv); ir-ri-tus, ineffectual (rēri); justus, just (jūs-); lætus, cheerful; lassus, tired; lātus, broad (for tilātus, borne, cf. § 176. 3); laxus, loose; lau-tus, splendid (lăvāre); lentus, pliant; mac-tus, made great (comp. mag-nus); mæstus, sad (mærēre); mănifestus, hand-struck, i.e. palpable ($ 704. n.); multus, much; mustus, new; mūtus, dumb (comp. mussāre; also uselv, to close the eyes); dbēsus (overeaten, i.e.), fat (ěd-ěre); pætus, blinkeyed; pěr-osus, hating (comp. dd-ium); plautus, flat; pŭtus, cleared, hence quite (på-tāre, frequentative, to prune); russus, red (comp. epub-pós); sal-sus, salt (sălīre); sanctus, holy, good (sanc-ire); sentus, squalid (comp. sent-ina); si-tus, piaced (sin-ěre); spissus, crowded; stultus, foolish (comp. stől-idus); súbitus, sudden (sub-1-re); sublestus (Plaut.), weak; tăci-tus, silent (tăcēre); ter-sus, neat (tergere, to wipe); vastus, waste, buge; věgě-tus, active ($ 693). Substantives:

788 (a) Masculine: accensus, an apparitor (accensēre); cossus, a worm; also as proper name (from wrinkled skin); digitus, a finger (comp. daktylos, DEL VUELV, dīcère); fūsus, a spindle; grossus, an unripe fig; guttus, a bottle; hortus, a garden (cf. § 134); lăcertus, (1) the muscle of the upper arm; (2) a lizard; lectus, a couch (comp. Méxos, déktpov); liber-tus, a freedman (līběro-); nāsus, à nose; ventus, wind; ursus, a bear (comp. apkros). lănista, a trainer of gladiators. Comp. cỉthárista, kitaplo-tńs.

liva,

2.

a

Camp-fello