making congratulations; hæsita-bundus (Plin. Ep. once), hesitating; -c-undo Adjectives, probably gerundives from inchoative stems: 820 -du -di See § 397. V. Stems in -du,-di, -d. ædes (f.), a hearth? a chamber § 331 (comp. æs-tu-, aïdev); 821 pĕcus (f.), a head of cattle (comp. pĕcu-, pěcŏr-). custos (n.), a guardian. cuppes (only in nom. sing.), a glutton; hēres (m.), an beir; merces (f.), wages (comp. merci-). cor (n.), a heart (comp. κapd-ía); laus (f.), praise; pes (m.), a foot (comp. „оd-, nom. πoûs); près (m.), a bail; vās (m. f.), à bail. Compound stem-endings: -don, -üdön, -tüdön, -ēdön, -îdön, SS 846-848; -ēdŭlo, § 865; -ndio, § 933. 822 CHAPTER VI. DENTAL NOUN-STEMS (continued).· vi. Stems ending in -no. -no or-ino (For all words (except numerals) with long vowel pre- 823 ceding -no see §§ 830—842.) 1. Adjectives: (a) bonus, good; concinnus, neat; dignus, worthy; hornus, of this year (ho-ver-, this spring); mag-nus, great (comp. măg-is); nōnus, ninth (for novi-nus? but see § 754); pla-nus, level (comp. Tλág); pèrendi-nus, of a day hence (comp. Téрav, die-); ver-nus, of spring (ver-); ūnus, one. (b) Distributive numerals (rarely used in singular): bî-nus, twofold, two each (bi-); ter-nus or tri-nus (ter, tri-); qvăter-nus (qvåter) and (Varr., Plin.) qvadrīnus (qvatvor); qvi-nus (for qvinqvi-nus, qvinc-nus, qvinqve); sē-nus (sex); septe-nus (for septem-nus, septen-nus); octō-nus (octo); novē-nus (for novemnus); dēnus (for děcĭminus? dec-nus); vice-nus, twenty each (for vicent-nus, viginti); trīcē-nus, thirty each (triginta), &c.; cente-nus, a hundred each (for centum-nus, the vowel being assimilated to what is found in others); dūcē-nus, two hundred each (for ducentnus); trěcēnus, three hundred each (trěcent-); qvadringē-nus, four hundred each (qvadringent-), &c. See Appendix. (c) From names of trees and other materials: acer-nus, of maple (ǎcer-); ădămanti-nus, hard as diamond (adapavτívos); ămărăcănus, of marjoram (ămărăco-); cărăsi-nus (Petron.), cherry-coloured (cărăso-); cocci-nus, scarlet (cocco-); colur-nus, of hazel (for corùli-nus, cõrŭlo-); ĕbur-nus, of ivory (ěbor-); ferrügin-us (Lucr. once), bluish-green (ferrügon-; ferrugineus is more usual); qvernuɛ, oaken (for qverci-nus, qvercu-). See also salig-nus, &c., § 826. 2. Substantives: (a) Masculine: ǎcinus, a berry; agnus, a lamb; annus, a year; ānus, a ring; ǎsinus, an ass; căchinnus, a laugh (comp. Kaɣáčew); círci-nus, a pair of compasses (circo-); dominus, a lord (domare); furnus, an oven; ginnus or hinnus, a mule, the mother being an ass 824 (comp. yivvos, ivvos); mannus, a coach horse (Keltic?); pampinus, a vine-shoot; pannus, a piece of cloth (comp. ĥvos); pānus, (1) thread on the bobbin, (2) a swelling (from πvos?); pugnus, a fist; ricinus, a sheep tick; sinus (sīnum), a tankard; som-nus, sleep (comp. sop-or); sõnus, a sound; sturnus, a starling; tabanus, a gadfly; tornus, a lathe (torqvere, comp. Tópvos). verna, a house slave. (b) Proper names (some are Etruscan): Cinna; Perpenna or Perperna; Porsenna (Verg.), Porsěna (Hor., Mart., Sil.); Saserna; Sisenna; Spurinna; Thalna; Vivenna. Cf. § 838 c. (c) Feminine: alnus, an alder; cornus, a cornel tree; fraxinus, an ash tree; ornus, a mountain ash; vannus, a winnowing fan. acna, a plot 120 feet square; antemna, a sailyard; fisci-na, a rush basket (fisco-); fuscina, a three-pronged spear (comp. furca); gěna, a cheek (comp. yévus, a jaw); nundi-næ (pl.), market-day (nōno-, die-); pagina, a leaf of a book, &c. (comp. pangere); pătă-na, a dish (pătēre); penna, a wing (in old Latin pesna or petna; comp. Téтeσ0αi); perna, a ham; pinna, a feather; pugna, a battle (comp. pugnus); runcina (generally given as runcīna), a planing instrument (comp. runcare, pukávη); sanna, a grimace (comp. σavvas); sarcina, a bundle (sarcire, to close); sqvatina, a skate-fish (comp. sqvălus, a fish); transenna, a net; ulna, an arm (comp. wλévn); urna, a pitcher (comp. úrère, to burn). (d) Neuter: cornum (more frequently cornu), a horn (comp. Képas); fascinum, a charm (comp. Bárkavos); lignum, firewood (lig-are?); pastinum, a two-pronged fork; pěnum (§ 398), a store of provisions, &c.; reg-num, a kingdom (règ-ĕre); scamnum, a bench (comp. scab-illum); signum, a seal; stagnum, a pool, pent up water? (comp. σreyăvó-); stannum, an alloy of silver and lead; tignum, a beam. -mino) This is the suffix which forms participles middle and 825 -mno Š passive in Greek; e.g. τυπτόμενος, τυψάμενος, τετυμμένος, &c. ær-umna, sorrow (alpoμévn, excited mind); al-umnus, a nursling (ǎl-ĕre); Autumnus, Autumn (the increasing year, auctu-); Clitumnus, a river in Umbria; columna, a column (comp. cul-men, cel-sus); da-mnum, a loss (properly a gift, dă-re; or akin to dañávŋ); fẻmina, a woman (comp. fe-tus, &c. § 800); gěminus, twin; lāmīna (lamna), a plate of metal; terminus, a bound (comp. тépμa); Vertumnus, the god of change (vert-ĕre). The same suffix is seen in the 2nd pers. plur. of indicative and subjunctive passive of tenses formed from present stem: e.g. amā mini, amabimini, amabāmini, amēmini, amarēmini, § 572: and in an old sing. imperative form; e.g. præfamino, § 587. Compare also -měn, § 850. -gino -gno Some are probably compounds with stems of gen-, 826 ǎbie-gnus, of fir (ǎbiět-); ǎpru-gnus (Plaut., Plin.), of wild boar (ǎpro-); běni-gnus, kindly, liberal (well-born? běně-gén-); fabaginus (Cato), of beans (fǎba-); ilig-nus, of holm oak (īlěc-); čleāginus, of the olive (õlea-); măli-gnus, stingy (măle-gĕn-); prīvi-gnus (subst.), born from one parent only, i.e. a stepson (privo-gen-); sălig-nus, of willow (sălic-). For terrigena, &c. see § 995; for magnus, dignus, § 823. -tino Adjectives: anno-tinus, a year old? (anno-); cras-tinus, 827 of to-morrow (cras); diu-tinus, long continued (diu); horno-tinus, of this year (horno-); pris-tinus, of former times (prius; comp. magis for magius); sēro-tinus (Plin., Col.), late (sero-). -ur-no diur-nus, by day (dius-, dies-, § 341 n., comp. nūdius; or 828 for diov-ĕrinus?); diut-urnus (in Ovid always diuturnus), for long (comp. diút-ius); laburnum, broad-leaved trefoil; noctu-rnus, by night (noctu-); Sat-urnus (Saeturnus), god of produce? (săto-, sě-rère); tăciturnus, silent (tăcito-); vīburnum, the wayfaring tree. -er-no căverna, a cave (căvo-); cisterna, a reservoir (cista-); fusterna, the knotty part of a fir-tree (fusti-, a club); guberna (pl.), rudders (comp. Kußeрvâv); hīb-ernus, in winter (hiěm-, cf. § 86. 5); hòdiernus, of to-day (ho-, dius, or die-); infernus, below (infero-); lăcerna, a cloak; Laverna, goddess of gain; lucerna, a lamp (comp. luci-, lūcēre); super-nus, above (supěro); tăb-erna, a booth (from tăb-ŭla, a plank?). See also § 823 c. -ter-no i.e. no suffixed to stems in -těro or -tri, or to adverbs 829 in -ter. In some the t perhaps is radical. æ-ternus, for ever (ævo-, comp. æ-tat-); al-ter-nus, alternate, every other (al-tero); ex-ternus, outside (ex-tero-); frāternus, of a brother (frater-, comp. ppáτep-); hes-ternus, of yesterday (comp. hĕri, xés); in-ter-nus, inside (in-ter); lanterna (lāterna), a lantern; māter-nus, of a mother (mater-); nassiterna, a watering pot (said to be from naso-, terno-, with three noses); păternus, of a father (păter-); sempiternus, everlasting (comp. semp-er, § 540); věter-nus, lethargy (větůs-). -āno 1. Adjectives: 830 (a) with a as stem vowel: canus, hoary; să-nus, sound (comp. ráos); vā-nus, empty (comp. văc-uus). (b) from appellatives: ǎpi-anus, of bees; name of Muscatel grape (ăpi-); arc-anus, secret (comp. arca-, arcere); Camp-anus, of the plain, a Campanian (Campo-); castell-anus, of a fortress (castello-); decumanus, of the tenth (e.g. a tithe farmer; a soldier of the tenth legion, &c.; děcăma-); font-anus, of the spring (fonti-); germanus, of the full blood; hum-anus, of man (hömön-); insül-anus (Cic. once), of an island (insula-); Lătĕr-anus, a family name (lătĕr-?); měrīdi-anus, of midday, southern (meridie-); mont-anus, of the mountains (monti-); mund-anus, of the universe (mundo-); non-anus (Tac.), of the ninth legion (nōna-); oppid-anus, of the town (oppido-); paganus, of a village (pago-); pridi-anus, of the day before (pridie-); prim-anus, of the first legion (prima-); public-anus, of the public revenue (publico-); pute-anus (Plin., Col.), of a well (puteo-); qvõtīdi-anus, daily (quotidie-); rustic-anus, of the country (rustico-); urb-anus, of the city (urbi-);.větěr-anus, old, veteran (větůs-); vic-anus, of a hamlet (vīco-). from proper names of places: Afric-anus, of the province among the Afri (Afri-ca); Alb-anus (Alba); Allif-anus (Allifæ); Atell-ānus (Atella); Coriol-anus (CŏriðLi); Cum-anus (Cuma); Fregell-anus (Fregellæ); Fund-anus (Fundi); Gallic-anus, of the province among the Gauls (Gallica-); Labicanus (Labicum); Pæst-anus (Pæstum); Püteŏl-anus (Puteoli); Rom-anus (Roma); Syracus-anus (Sỹrācüsæ); Theb-anus (Theba); Tuscul-anus (Tusculum); and others. (d) from proper names of persons: Cinn-anus (Cinna); Sull-anus (Sulla). (e) Compounds formed immediately from a preposition and its case: antěluc-anus, before daylight (ante lucem); antemerīdi-anus, in the forenoon (ante meridiem); antesign-anus, in front of the standards (ante signa); circumpăd-anus, round the Po (circum Padum); cisrhen-anus, on this side of the Rhine (cis Rhenum); pōměrīdi-anus, in the afternoon (post meridiem); subsign-anus, of the reserve (sub signis); suburb-anus, near the city (sub urbem); transmont-anus, beyond the mountains (trans montes); transpåd-ānus; transrhēn ānus. 2. Substantives: (a) ānus (see § 824); Diana, the goddess of 831 the day (die-); Jānus (for Dianus), the god of the day, fanum, a |