-üd-Ŏn (-üdin) hirudo (f.), a leech; testudo (f.), a tortoise (testa-, a potlid.

-tüdön (-tüdin) Feminine abstract substantives. All have (appa- 847 rently) a short i before the suffix, except the derivatives from sueto- (in which a syllable has dropped out) and valetudo.

ægri-tudo, sickness, sorrow (ægro-); alti-tudo, height (alto-); amari-tudo (Plin. maj. and min.), bitterness (ǎmāro-); ampli-tudo, wide extent (amplo-); asperi-tudo (Cels.), roughness (aspĕro-); assvē-tudo (for assuetitudo), habit (ad-svēto-): so also consvetudo, desvetudo, mansvetudo; celsi-tudo (Vell.), highness; so as a title (Cod. Theod.), e.g. your Highness (celso-); clārī-tudo (chiefly Tac.), renown (claro-); crassi-tudo, thickness (crasso-); dissimili-tudo, unlikeness (dissimili-); firmi-tudo, firmness (firmo-); forti-tudo, courage (forti-); hăbi-tudo, habit (for habititudo, from hăbito-); hilări-tudo (Plaut.), merriment (hilǎro-); lassi-tudo, weariness (lasso-); lātltudo, breadth (lāto-); lēni-tudo (rare), leniency (lēni-); lenti-tudo, sluggishness (lento-); lippi-tudo, inflammation in the eyes (lippo-); longi-tudo, length (longo-); magni-tudo, greatness (magno-); mollitudo, softness (molli-); multi-tudo, great number (multo-); něcessitudo, necessity, close bond (něcesse); parti-tudo (Plaut. twice), a giving birth (partu-); pingvi-tudo, fatness (pingvi-); pulchri-tudo, beauty (pulchro-); sancti-tudo (præ-Cic.), sacredness (sancto-); simili-tudo, likeness (simili-); sõli-tudo, loneliness (sōlo-); sollicitudo, anxiety (sollicito-); svāvi-tudo (præ-Cic.), sweetness (svāvi-); těněrĭ-tudo (Varr., Suet.), softness, tender years (těněro-); turpi-tudo, ugliness, disgrace (turpi-); vale-tudo, health (vălĕre); vasti-tudo (old prayer in Cato), wasting (vasto-); vicissi-tudo, change (comp. vicissim): and many others, chiefly words quoted by Nonius from the early dramatists.

-ēd-on (-ēdin) All feminine: absumedo (Plaut. Capt. 901), consump- 848 tion (absůměre, with pun on sumen); alcedo, kingfisher (comp. aλκváv); căpedo, a sacrificial bowl (căpere; comp. căpid-); cuppedo (Lucr.), desire (comp. cuppedia, delicacies, cupĕ-re); dulcedo, sweetness (dulci-); grăvedo, a heavy cold (grăvi-); intercăpedo, an interval (inter, căpère); těrēdo, a worm, or moth (těr-ĕre; comp. Tepηdav); torpedo, numbness (torpēre); üredo, blight (ür-ĕre). -id-on (-idin) All feminine: crepīdo, an edge (from кpηπîð-?); cupido (f. except as a god), desire (cùpě-re); formido, dread (forma-, making shapes to oneself?); libido, lust (libēre).

-ěn

jůvěnis (m.), a youth; sen-ex (the nom. sing. has a fur- 849 ther suffix), an old man.

-ĕn (-in)

gluten (n.), glue (comp. gluto-, adj.); ingven (n.), the groin; pecten (m.), a comb (pect-ère); pollis (m. no nom. sing.), fine flour (comp. máλn); sangvis (m.) and sangven (n. § 449), blood; ungven (n.), ointment (ung-ère).

-měn (-min) All neuter substantives, chiefly derived from verbs. 850 Comp. the suffixes, -mino, § 825, -mento, § 792.

(a) From vowel-verbs with stems ending in -ā, -ū, or -I.

ǎcũ-men, a point (ăcu-ĕre); calceā-men (Plin.), a shoe (calceāre); canta-men (Prop. once), a spell (canta-re); certa-men, à contest (certa-re); cōnāmen (Lucr., Ov.), an effort (cōna-ri); curvā-men (Ov.), a bend (curvā-re); durā-men (Lucr.), hardening (dūrā-re); examen, a swarm, the tongue of a balance (exig-ĕre?); flamen, a blast (fla-re); also (m.) a priest; flu-men, a stream (flu-ère); föra-men, a hole (fora-re, to bore); funda-men (Verg., Ov.), a foundation (fundā-re); gestā-men, a wearing article, a sedan (gesta-re); gloměrā-men, a round ball (glomera-re); lēnī-men (Hor., Ov.), a solace (lēnī-re); lěvā-men, an alleviation (lēvā-re); moli-men, an effort (mõli-ri); nu-men, a nod, the divine will (nuĕre); nutrī-men (Ov. once), nourishment (nutri-re); plăcă-men, a means of pacifying (plăcã-re); puta-men, a clipping, shell, &c. (pŭtā-re); sōlā-men, a comfort (sōlā-ri); stā-men, the warp thread (stare); stătu-men, a stay, prop (stătu-ĕre); strā-men a straw (stra-, sternère); suffi-men (Ov. once), incense (suffi-re); sufflamen, a drag (sufflare?); tentā-men (Ov.), an attempt (tentā-re); vocă-men (Lucr.), a name (võcā-re); and others.

(b) From other verbs, or of uncertain derivation:

abdomen, the belly; agmen, a train (ǎg-ère); albūmen (Plin.), the white of an egg (albo-); alumen, alum; augmen, a growth (aug-ēre); bitumen, bitumen; căcumen, a summit; carmen, a song, a charm (comp. cămēna, § 836. 2); còlùmen, a top, support (comp. cel-sus); cri-men, a charge (comp. cre-, cernere, κpivelv); culmen (contr. for columen; rare before Augustan age); discrimen, a distinction (comp. discern-ère); documen (Lucr. once), a lesson (doc-ēre); examen, a swarm (exǎg-ère); femen (n. no nom. sing. § 454), a thigh; ferrumen, solder (ferro-); flē-mîna (pl.), bloody swellings (comp. pλéy-ev); frag-men, a fragment (frang-ere); germen, a bud; gramen, grass (comp. grandis, grānum); légumen, pulse; līmen, a lintel, a threshold; lü-men, a light (lūc-ēre); mô-men (for mŏvimen), movement (mõvēre); nōmen, a name, esp. of the clan; e.g. Cornelius; so also agnomen, an additional surname; e.g. Africanus; cognōmen, the name of the family; e.g. Scipio; prænomen, the individual name; e. g. Lucius (no-sc-ere); ōmen, an omen; rĕgimen, guidance (règ-ĕre); rūmen (rare), the gullet (comp. ru-minare, to chew the cud); sagmen, a tuft of sacred herbs; sarmen

(Plaut. once), brushwood (sarp-ĕre); segmen (rare), a cutting (sĕcāre); sẽmen, seed (se-rère); specimen, a pattern (spěcě-re); subte-men, the woof (subtex-ere); su-men, an udder (sug-ĕre); těg-imen (teg-men), a covering (těg-ère); tor-mina (pl.), gripes (torqv-ere); vermina, gripes (for vermi-min-? vermi-, a worm); vī-men, a withe (vière).

-ōn

All masculine (except Juno): many are personal names:

(a) Appellatives: æro (Vitr., Plin.), a basket; ǎgāso, a groom; aleo (rare), a gamester (alea-); ǎqvilo, the north-wind (comp. ǎqvilo-, dark-coloured); bălătro, a jester; bāro, a dolt; būbo, an owl (comp. Búas); bucco, a babbler (bucca-, a cheek); būfo, a toad; buteo, a hawk; calcītro, a kicker (calci-); cālo, a soldier's servant; căpito, a big-headed man (căpăt-); capo, a capon (comp. capo-); carbo, a coal; caupo, a tavern-keeper; cento, a patchwork; cerdo, an artisan (from Képdos?); cilo (Fest.), having a long narrow head; combib-o (rare), a boon companion (com, bíb-ĕre); coměd‐o (Lucil., Varr.), a glutton (coměd-ĕre); commilit-o, a fellow-soldier (com, milět-); congerr-o (Plaut.), a playfellow (com, gerra-); crābro, a hornet; cudo (abl. only; Sil.), a skin helmet; dolo, a staff with a sharp point; ěpůl-o, a feaster (ěpůla-); éqviso (Varr.), a groom (eqvo-); erro, a runaway (erra-re); fronto, with a broad forehead (fronti-); fullo, a fuller; ganeo, debauchee (gānea-); gerr-o, a trifler (gerra-); hēluo, a glutton; labeo, large-lipped (lăbio-); latro, a mercenary soldier; hence a brigand (comp. λarpevel); lēno, a pander; leo, a lion (comp. λéwv, λeovt-); ligo, a hoe; Iurco, a glutton; mango, a dealer; ment-o, long-chinned (mento-); mirmillo, a gladiator, who wore a fish (μópuvpos?) on his helmet; mucro, a sharp point; muto (i.q. pēnis); nās-o, with a big nose (nāso-); něbŭlo, a worthless fellow (něbula-); palp-o, a flatterer (palpo-); pāvo, a peacock; pēro, a rawhide boot; pětăso, a leg of pork; petro, a hardy rustic (Téтpa); ponto, a punt, pontoon (ponti-?); popīn-o, a frequenter of eating-houses (pòpīna-); præco, a crier (præ, voc-are?); præd-o, a robber (præda-); pulmo, a lung (comp. Tλeúμwv); rēno, a reindeer (Keltic); sabulo, gravel (sabulo-); sermo, conversation (sĕr-ěre, to join, sèr-ies); silo, snub-nosed (silo-); spădo, a eunuch; stolo, a useless sucker; străbo, a squinter; subulo, a flute player (Etruscan); temo, a carriage pole; tīro, a recruit; trico (Lucil.), a trickster (trica-); udo, a felt shoe; vespillo, a corpsebearer at night (vespěra-); umbo, a boss (comp. umbilicus, außwv); võlõnes (pl.), vòlunteer soldiers (vel-le?); unedo (Plin.), the arbutus. Juno (fem.); comp. also §§ 481, 505.

(b) Many are used chiefly or exclusively as cognomina. (In this list the name of the clan is added):

Bucco, of the Pompeian clan (vid. supr.); Buteo, Fabian (vid. supr.); Căpito, Fonteian, &c. (vid. supr.); Carbo, Papirian (vid. supr.); Căto,

851

Porcian (Căto-?); Cerco, Lutatian (tailed, kepкo-); Cicero, vetch man, Tullian (Cicĕr-); Corbŭlo, basket man, Domitian (corbŭla-); Dorso, longback? Fabian (dorso-); Fronto, a surname in several clans (fronti-); Kæso, Fabian, "a cæso matris uter odictus" (Plin. 7. 9. 7); Labeo, in several clans (vid. supr.); Latro, Porcian (vid. supr.); Libo, Marian and Scribonian; Lurco, Aufidian (vid. supr.); Mento, Julian (vid. supr.); Naso, in several clans (nāso-); Něro, Claudian (Sabine for "fortis ac strenuus"); Pědo, splayfoot?, rare (pěd-); Piso, Pease, Calpurnian (pīso); Scipio, Cornelian (vid. supr.); Sīmo, fat nosed (simo-); Stolo, Licinian (vid. supr.); Strabo, in several clans (vid. supr.); Tappo, Villian; Tubero, humpback?, Cælian (tŭběr-, a boil, lump, &c.); Varro, bowlegged, Terentian (vāro-); Võlěro, Publilian; Vulso, with smooth face? Manlian (vulso-, plucked?); and some others (besides those in -iōn).

arděl-io, a trifler; bīnio, a deuce (bīno-); centurio, a captain (centŭria-); curculio, a weevil; curio, the head of a curia; decurio, a commander of ten (decuria-); duplio (old), the double; ēsŭrio (Plaut. Junning; Petr.), a hungry man (esùr-ire); gurgulio, the windpipe (Comp. Engl. gargle); histrio, an actor (Etruscan); libell-io, a bookseller (libello-); lüūd-io, a stage player (lūdo-); matell-io, a pot (mǎtella-); mōrio, a fool (uwpó-); mül-io, a muleteer (mulo-); ōpilio, a shepherd (comp. Ŏvi-); papilio, a butterfly; pellio, a currier (pelli-); pernio (Plin.), a chilblain (perna-?); pugio, a dagger (pung-ĕre); pumilio, a dwarf (pūmilo-); pusio, a little boy (puso-, comp. puĕro-); quinio, a cinq (quino-); restio, a ropemaker (resti-); sannio, a grimacer (sanna-); scīpio, a staff (comp. σkîπTрov); scopio, a grape stalk; sěněc‐io, an old man (comp. sën-ec-); senio, a seize (sex, sēno-); septentrio, the north (septem, trio, a star? M. Müller's Lectures, II. p. 365); stellio, a gecko, a kind of spotted lizard (stella-); Talassio, exclamation addressed to a bride; tenebrio (Varr.), a swindler (těněbra-); vespertilio, a bat (from an assumed vespertilis, of the evening); unio, a pearl (üno-?).

(b) Proper names: Cæpio, Servilian (cæpa-, onion); Cūrio, Scribonian (vid. supr.); Glabrio, Acilian (glabro-, smooth, hairless); Scipio, Cornelian (vid. supr.); Sěněcio, Claudian (vid. supr.).

(2) Feminine: abstract substantives (a) derived from verbs: alluvio, inundation (ad lavare); căpio, an acquisition; colluvio (Liv.), sweepings (com, lav-are); condicio, terms of agreement (condicere, comp. maledic-us); contagio, contagion (com, tangère); dicio (no nom. s.), rule (comp. dic-, dicere?); internecio, destruction (inter, něc-are); lěgio, a body of soldiers (leg-ere, to pick up); oblīvio, forgetfulness (oblīvi-sc-i); obsidio, a blockade (obsidēri); occīdio, massacre (occid-ĕre); optio, a choice; hence (m.?), an adjutant

852

(opt-are); opinio, opinion (öpīnāri); rěgio, a district (rég-ĕre, to mark out boundaries); relligio, a scruple (rë.ĕgere); suspicio, suspicion (suspicě-re); usucăpio, acquisition by enjoyment (usu, căpè-re).

(b) Derived from noun stems in -1:

commúnio, sharing in common (commüni-); consortio, fellowship (consorti-); portio, a share (comp. parti-); perduellio, treason (perduelli-); rebellio, revolt (rebelli-); tālio, retaliation (tāli-).

-ciōn

-tion

homun-cio, a mannikin (hömön-); comp. senĕcion- 853 (§ 852 a).

Abstract feminine substantives formed from supine stems. 854
Some are used in concrete sense:

(a) From supine stems of vowel verbs with long vowel preceding the suffix (the verbs themselves are omitted as self-evident):

accūs-at-io, an accusation; advŏc-atio, legal assistance; æstimatio, a valuation; ăgit-at-io, movement; alterc-at-io, dispute; ămat-io (Plaut.), caressing; ambül-at-io, a promenade; appell-at-io, an appeal, a name; ǎqv-at-io, water-supply; ǎr-at-io, ploughing; assent-at-io, Aattery; attrib-ut-io, assignment; aud-it-io, hearing, hearsay; capt-at-lo, catching; căvill-at-io, raillery; célèbr-at-io, an assemblage; clarig-at-io, a solemn declaration of war; cōgit-at-io, thought; cogn-at-io, relationship by blood (com, na-sci); coll-at-io, a contribution, comparison; compăr-at-io, comparison; concert-at-io, dispute; concit-at-io, excitement; concurs-at-io, running together; confarre-atio, religious marriage (com-, farreo-, i.e. eating together the bridal cake); constit-ut-io, disposition; contempl-at-io, contemplation; contest-atio, joining issue, calling witnesses (com, testāri); crētio, acceptance of an inheritance (cernere); cunct-atio, delay; cúr-atio, management; damn-atio, condemnation; declin-atio, turning aside; defin-it-io, marking off; dēlēg-atio, assignment of debt, &c.; dēminút-io, decrease; denunti-atio, announcement; dēspēr-atio, despair; discept-at-io, discussion; dissõl-ütio, dissolution; dömĭn-atio, lordship; dŭbĭt-atio, doubt; ēdăc-atio, bringing up; erŭd-ītio, instruction; existim-atio, judgement, reputation; exsec-utio (post-Aug.), accomplishment; festin-atio, hastening; frustr-atio, deceiving; grăd-ātio, gradation (as if from grădări); grātul-atio, congratulation; ĭmĭtatio, imitation; inquis-ītio, legal inquiry; larg-ītio, bestowal, bribery; leg-atio, the office of an ambassador; liběr-atio, a release; machinatio, contrivance; mult-atio, amercement; mün-itio, a fortification; mut-atio, change; nã-tio, a breed (na-sci); not-atio, marking, noticing; nō-tio, taking cognisance (no-sc-ĕre); oblig-atio, engagement; occup-atio, seizing, business; ōr-atio, speech; part-itio, division; permut-atio, an exchange; pět-itio, aiming, candidateship, claim; postul-atio, demand; pō-tio, drinking (comp. poto-, pō-tare); præst-atio (post-Aug.),