guaranty, payment; prob-atio, testing; provŏc-atio, a challenge, appeal; put-atio, pruning; record-atio, remembrance; recus-atio, refusal; renunti-atio, a public announcement of a result; repræsent-atio, cash payment; respir-atio, taking breath; restitutio, restoration; rog-atio, a legislative proposal, a bill; sălut-atio, greeting; simulatio, pretence; sol-ütio, discharge of debt, &c.; sort-itio, lot-drawing; stīp-atio, crowding; stăpŭl-atio, a bargain; supplic-atio, public prayer; tǎbul-atio (Cæs.), a flooring (tăbăla-, a plank); test-atio (testific-atio, Cic.), giving evidence; trāl-atio, transfer; văc-atio, exemption; ven-atio, bunting; and many others. (b) From supine stems, with short vowel preceding suffix: ǎd-Itio, entry on an inheritance (ădí-re); admon-Itio, reminding (admonere); amb-Itio, canvassing (ambi-re); appār-Itio, attendance (apparere); cognitio, knowledge, judicial inquiry (cogno-sc-ere); dătio, giving (dă-re); editio, publishing (ēdě-re); exhib-Itio (Ulp. &c.), maintenance; It-io, going (I-re); mon-Itio, warning (mõnēre); positio, placing, posture (pōn-ère); ră-tio, account, reason (rēri); să-tio, sowing (sě-re-re); sēd-itio, a sedition (sed, īre); sorb-Itio, a supping up, a draught (sorbēre); stă-tio, a station, a post (stāre); supersti-tio, superstition (standing over in awe; super-stare); vendi-tio, sale (vendĕre); and others. (c) Either from consonant stems, or contracted: ac-tio, action (ǎg-ĕre); adjec-tio, addition (adjic-ĕre); adop-tio, adoption (comp. adoptā-re); affec-tio, relation, disposition of mind (affice-re); auc-tio, a sale (augēre); aversio, turning away (vertère); in law phrase, per aversionem ěměre, to buy as a whole (verrere); cap-tio, a trick, sophism (căpě-re); cau-tio, a caution, a legal security (cavere); cen-sio, an assessing (censere); circumscrip-tio, a contour, cheating (circumscrib-ĕre); commis-sio, a contest (committ-ĕre); compréhen-sio, laying hold of (comprehend-ère); concep-tio, drafting of law formulæ (concipě-re); conces-sio, grant (concēd-ĕre); conclu-sio, shutting in, a peroration (conclud-ère); consen-sio, agreement (consentire); construc-tio, construction (constru-ĕre); con-tio, an assembly, an address to such (conven-ire); contrac-tio, drawing together (contrăh-ère); defec-tio, revolt, failure (dēfícě-re); devōtio, devotion (dēvŏvēre); dic-tio, saying (dīc-ĕre); digres-sio, digression (digrěd-1); distinc-tio, distinction (distingv-ère); emp-tio, purchase (ěm-ère); fic-tio, fashioning, fiction (fing-ère); flexio, a turn (flectère); impres-sio, an impress, attack (imprim-ere); induc-tio, a bringing in, drawing one's pen through (induc-ĕre); inven-tio, discovery (invenire); lũ-sio, playing (lud-ère); man-sio, staying, lodgingplace (mănēre); mis-sio, a discharge (mitt-ĕre); mo-tio, moving (movere); offen-sio, stumbling, offence (offend-ère); pas-tio, pasturing (pasc-ère); pen-sio, payment (pend-ĕre); percep-tio, gathering (percipĕ-re); perpes-sio, endurance (perpět-i); præsump-tio, anticipation (præsum-ĕre); quæs-tio, an inquiry (quær-ĕre); rěfec-tio (postAug.), restoration, refreshment (rěfice-re); scrip-tio, writing (scribĕre); sēces-sio, a withdrawal (sēcēd-ère); sec-tio, cutting, sale of a bankrupt estate (secāre); ses-sio, a sitting (sēdēre); spon-sio, an agreement, a wager (spondere); tac-tio, touching (tang-ĕre); travectio, (1) carrying across; (2) riding post (transvèh-ĕre); ul-tio, revenge (ulc-isci); vī‐sio, sight (vidĕre); and others. Compound stem-endings: -ingvo, § 772; -ento, -mento, -lento (-ginta, -gento), §§ 791-795; -enti, § 807; -ensi, -iensi, § 815; -undo, -bundo, -cundo, §§ 817-820; -Iněr, § 905; -nõs, -nús, SS 911, 913; -neo, -gneo, -aneo, -ōneo, §§ 922, 923; -entia, § 933; -nio, -mnio, -mōnio, -cinio, §§ 934-936. -10 CHAPTER VII. LINGUAL NOUN STEMS. L. i. Stems ending in -10. colus (f.), a distaff; dolus, craft; fălæ (pl.), a scaffold- 855 ing; gélum, frost; mălus (adj.), bad; mola, a mill (molĕre); pila, a ball; pilus, a hair; sălum, the sea (comp. săl-, σáλos); solum, the ground; võla, hollow of hand or foot. (For some with diminutive suffix, e.g. templum, see under -ulo.) -Ŏ-10 This older form of the vowel before 1 is retained only 856 after e, i, or v (cf. § 213. 2b). The Ŏ is often the final stem vowel of the word to which the suffix is added: 1. Adjectives: aureo-lus, golden (aureo-); ebrio-lus (Plaut.), somewhat drunken (ebriō-); frīvõlus, trifling (for friqvolus? rubbed or brittle; comp. fric-are, fri-are); helvŎ-lus (helveolus), yellowish (helvo-); parvõlus, very small (parvo-). 2. Substantives (chiefly in Cicero), mostly diminutives of substantives in -0: (a) Masculine: alveo-lus, a small trough; calceo-lus (rare), a small shoe; cãseo-lus, a small cheese; cũneo-lus, a small wedge; filio-lus, a little son; hărio-lus, a soothsayer; librario-lus, a bit of a copyist; malleo-lus, a small hammer, a slip for planting; pasceolus, a leathern bag (for páσkwλos?); pilleo-lus, a small cap; simio-lus, a little ape; servo-lus, a little slave; urceo-lus, a little pitcher. A (b) Feminine; all (except viola) diminutives of substantives in -a: actuario-la (or -um?), a small boat; ǎrāneo-la, a small spider; ardeo-la, a heron; āreo-la, a small open place; bestio-la, an insect; clāvŏ-la, a scion; cōpio-læ (pl.), a few troops; dēlicio-læ (pl.), a little darling; fascio-la, a small bandage; filio-la, a little daughter; glorio-la, a bit of distinction; horio-la, a skiff; laureo-la, a laurel branchlet; luscinio-la, a little nightingale; měmŏrio-la, a poor memory; nauseo-la, a slight squeamishness; sententio-la, an aphorism; sēpio-la, a little cuttle fish; valvo-læ (pl.), double shells of a pod; victorio-la, a small statue of Victory; vindémio-la, a little vintage; vio-la, a violet (comp. lov); and others. (c) Neuter: all diminutives of neuter substantives in -o: atrio-lum, a small entrance-hall; armario-lum, a cabinet; balneo-lum, a small bath; brachio-lum (Catull.), a slender arm; commentārio-lum, a short essay; dēversōrio-lum, a small lodging; dōlio-lum, a small cask; flammeo-lum, a small bridal veil; linteolum, a small cloth; něgōtio-lum, a bit of business; ōtio-lum, a bit of leisure; peculio-lum, a small private property; prædio-lum, a small landed estate; sōlātio-lum (Čatull.), a bit of comfort; svavio-lum (Catull.), a soft kiss; tectōrio-la (pl.), plaster casts. (a) Diminutival: all (except vetulus) from adjectives with -o stems: ǎcütu-lus, somewhat pointed; albu-lus, whitish; ǎliqvantu-lus, somewhat; argütu-lus, somewhat subtle; aridu-lus (Catull.), a little dry; barbātu-lus, with a bit of a beard; candidulus, fairly white; contortu-lus, a bit twisted; frīgidu-lus, rather cold; hilǎru-lus, merry and little; horridu-lus, roughish; lassu-lus (Catull.), a little tired; lentă-lus, rather slow; līmātu-lus, delicately fine; limu-lus (Plaut.), somewhat askance; longu-lus longish; pætu 1 Comp. the lines made by Hadrian on his death-bed (Hist. Aug. Hadr. 25): Animula vagula blandula, 857 Scaevo-la (M.), proper name (scaeva- left-hand). lus, with a slight squint; pallidu-lus, growing pale; paucu-lus, very few; prīmu-lus (Plaut.), first; qvadrimu-lus (Plaut.), little fouryears-old; quant-ulus, how small?; rubicund-ulus, rather red; scītulus (Plaut.), stylish; simu-lus (Lucr.), Alattish-nosed; sordidu-lus, dirtyish; tabidu-lus, slowly consuming; tantu-lus, so little; uvidu-lus (Catull.), somewhat wet; venustu-lus, charmingly pretty; vět-ulus, little and old (for vetĕr-ulus); and others. (b) Not (apparently) diminutival; chiefly from verbs: æm-ulus, emulous; amp-lus, large (on both sides, around; amb-, cf. § 70); bibulus, thirsty (bib-ĕre); būb-ulus, of oxen (bŎv-, § 76); cær-ulus, dark blue (comp. cæs-io-); cred-ulus, credulous (crēd-ère); ēdentulus (Plaut.), toothless (e denti-); garru-lus, prattling (garrire); pătu-lus, wide-spreading (pătere); pend-ulus, hanging (pendere); quĕr-ulus, complaining (quèr-i); sedulus (cf. § 990); sing-tilus, one each, single; strag-ulus, for covering (strāgi-, cf. § 784); strīdu-lus, whistling (strīdēre); trěm-ulus, quivering (trěměre). 2. Substantives: (a) diminutival: Masculine: mostly from stems in -o: ǎdolescentu-lus, a young man (adolescenti-); ămīcu-lus, a darling friend; ănĭmu-lus, darling; annu-lus, a ring; calcu-lus, a pebble (calci-, chalk); circu-lus, a circle; columbă-lus, a little dove; ĕqvu-lus (éculeus), a colt; föcu-lus, a chafing dish (foco-, hearth); fòrů-li (pl.), pigeon holes (forus, a row); globu-lus, a little ball; hortu-lus, a small garden; jõcu-lus, a little joke; lectu-lus, a couch; locu-lus, a compartment; mõdu-lus, a small measure; něpōtu-lus (Plaut.), a little grandson (něpōt-); nidu-lus, a little nest; nummu-li (pl.), small coins; porcu-lus, a young pig; puěru-lus, a little boy; rāmu-lus, a sprig; rēg-ulus, a chieftain (rēg-); saccu-lus, a small bag; scrupu-lus, a small stone, a difficulty; ventu-lus, a breeze; vicu-lus, a hamlet. vernula, a little slave (verna-). Proper names: Lentulus (see § 857 a); Proculus (procus, a suitor); Regulus (vid. supr.). Also Barbula (barba, a beard). Feminine: mostly from stems in -a: ætatu-la, youth (ætat-); ămīcu-la, a darling mistress; ănĭmu-la, dear life; ăqvu-la, a little water; arcu-la, a casket; capsu-la, a bandbox; căsă-la, a small cottage; caupōnu-la, a small tavern; causu-la, a petty lawsuit; cēnu-la, a light dinner; cervicu-la, a small neck (cervic-); clausu-la, a conclusion (as if from clausa-); conciliatric-ula, a soft matchmaker (conciliatrīc-); făc-ula, a little torch (făc-); falcu-la, a small billbook (falci-); flammu-la, a little flame; formu-la, a (short) legal form; glandu-le (pl.), glands (glandi-, acorn); guttu-la, a little drop; herbu-la, a little herb; lăcrimu-la, a tiny tear; lecticu-la, a small sedan; mensu-la, a small table; merced-ula, small wages (mercēd-); měrětrīc-ula, a girl prostitute (meretric-); nüc-ula, a 858 small nut (nuc-); nutric-ula, a nurse (nutric-); pallu-la, a little cloak; plăgu-la, a bed curtain (plăga-, a net); portu-la, a small gate; pupu-la, the pupil of the eye (image on retina? pupa-, a girl); quadrigu-læ (pl.), a little four-horse team; rādīc-ula, a small root (rādīc-); rīpu-la, a little bank; rotu-la, a little wheel; sarcinu-la, a little bundle; scùtu-la, a square dish (scüt-; comp. scutra, scutella, and for ǎ scutica); serru-la, a small saw; sextu-la, the sixth of an uncia; sportu-la, a little basket; tŏgu-la, a little gown; tonstric-ula, a small hairdresser; villu-la, a little country-house; virgu-la, a small rod; vōcu-la, a weak voice; and others. Neuter: căpitu-lum, a small head (căpăt-); crustu-lum, pastry; oppidu-lum, a small town; posticu-lum, a small back building; prātu-lum, a small meadow; rāpu-lum, a little turnip; saxulum, a small rock; scriptulum (scripulum, scrupulum, scriplum), 2 oz. (a transl. of ypáupa?); spicu-lum, a sharp point (spīco-, a point; comp. spīca); scutu-lum, a small shield. (b) No: (apparently) diminutival, or not diminutives of exist- 859 ing nouns: Masculine: æsculus, the Italian oak; angulus, a corner (comp. aykúλos, uncus, ungvis, &c.); bājulus, a porter; botulus, a sausage; căpulus, (1) a hilt, (2) a coffin (căpě-re); cătůlus, a whelp; cumulus, a heap (comp. Kveîv, Kûμa); fàmulus (also adj. in Aug. and postAug. poetry), a servant; figulus, a potter (fing-ere); gèrulus, a porter (ger-ĕre); legulus, a picker (leg-ĕre); Ŏculus, an eye (§ 107); Ŏpulus, a kind of maple; pessúlus, a bolt (from máσσaλos?); põpulus, a people (comp. plē-nus, λños, móλis, &c.); populus (f.), a poplar; scopulus, a rock (from okÓTTEλos?); situlus (also situla), a bucket; stimulus, a prick (comp. στiyμń, § 129. c); titulus, a title; tumulus, a hill (tum-ēre); tütŭlus, a conical head-dress; vidulus, a portmanteau; vitulus, a calf (§ 91). assecla, a follower (ad sĕqv-i); rab-ula, a brawling pettifogger (răbire). Proper names: Bibulus (§ 857b); Catulus (vid. supr.); Figulus (vid. supr.); Siculus, a Sicilian; Tappulus; Tremulus (§ 857 b); Vitulus (vid. supr.). Also Decula; Scăpula (vid. infr.). Feminine: assula, a splinter; căcula (m.), a servant; copula, a tie (com, ǎp-isci); ěpůlæ (pl.), a banquet; férula, (1) fennel giant, (2) a rod; fistula, a pipe; gula, the throat (from the sound); infala, a band or fillet; insula, an island, a separate block of buildings; inula, elecampane; mătula, a pot; mentula, i.q. pēnis; měrula, a blackbird; něbŭla, a cloud (comp. nubes, védos); pænula, a cloak; păpula, a pimple; pergula, à stall or booth; pustula, pusula, a blister; radula (Col.), a scraper (rād-ĕre); rēgula, a rule (règ-ère); scandula, a wooden shingle; scăpulæ (pl.), the shoulder-blades; specula, a watchtower (spěcě-re); stipula, a stalk; tēgŭla, a tile (těg-ĕre); |