tor-tor, a torturer (torqvēre); tū-tor, a guardian (tuēri); vec-tor, (1) a carrier, (2) a passenger (věh-ĕre); vic-tor, a conqueror (vincère); ul-tor, an avenger (ulc-isc-i). -üri sĕcūris (f.), an axe (properly for cutting? secāre). 909 Compound stem-endings: -rco, -trīci, §§ 771, 782; -urno, -erno, -terno, §§ 828, 829; -trīno, § 842; -rio, -brio, -ārio, -tōrio (-sōrio), S$ 940-943. iii. Stems ending in -s. -Ŏs (-Ŏr) Substantives: (a) arbōs (f. also arbòr), a tree; lěpůs (m.), 910 a bare. (b) Neuter: corpus, a body; decus, a distinction; dēdĕcus, a disgrace; frigus, cold (comp. piyos); litus, a shore; němus, a grove; pectus, a breast; pecus, cattle; stercus, dung; tempus, time. -nos (-nor) Neuter: făci-nus, a deed (făcě-re); fenus (fænus), inte- 911 rest of money (comp. fe-tus, fē-mina); pěnus, a store (cf. § 398); pig-nus, a pledge (pang-ere). -üs (-er) (1) Adjective: větus (větěr, Enn.), old. (2) Substantives: neuter: ăcus, chaff; fœdus, a treaty; glomus, a ball of thread (comp. globus); hõlus (õlus), vegetable; lătus, a side; opus, a work; pondus, a weight; raudus, a piece of brass; rūdus, rubble; secus (only n. acc. sing.), a race or generation; scělus, a crime; sīdus, a constellation; vellus, a fleece; viscus, the internal organs of the body; ulcus, a sore (comp. kos). 912 -nus (-něr) Neuter substantives: fünus, a funeral; genus, a race or 913 kind (comp. gi-gn-ĕre); münus, a gift; onus, a burden; vulnus, a wound. Also Venus (f.), the goddess of beauty (comp. věnustus). -ěs (-ĕr) Cerēs (f.), goddess of corn, &c. (comp. κpaível, cerus, 914 § 843); pubes (adj.), grown up (pùbi-). -Is (-ĕr) Substantives: cinis (m.), ashes; cucumis (cf. § 412), a 915 cucumber; pulvis (m. rarely f.), dust. For vomis, see § 900. -ōs (-ōr) 1. Adjectives: min-or (adj.), less (comp. min-ĭmus). 2. Substantives: (a) masculine: clāmōs (cf. Quint. I. 4. 13, also clamor), a shout (clamăre); colōs (also color), a colour; flōs, a flower; hönōs (also hõnŏr), an honour, an official post; lābōs (usually labor), toil; lěpōs, pleasantness, humour; mōs, a custom, a whim; ŏdōs (also ödör), a scent (comp. öl-ere, jew, ödwda); påvōs (Næv., usually păvor), dread (pǎvēre); rōs, dew; rumor (comp. rumus-culus), a rumour. Compare also the substantives in § 907. (b) Neuter: ōs, a mouth. 916 -1ōs (-iōr) Adjectives in comparative degree. These are formed from 917 most noun adjectives and many participles. A list of the principal irregularities will be found in the Appendix. The originals of the suffix is seen only in the neuter singular nom. acc., and in the superlative forms which are derived from it (§ 755). acr-ior, sharper (acri-); æqv-ior, fairer (æqvo-); alt-ior, higher (alto-); ǎmant-ior, more loving (amanti-); antiqv-ior, more ancient (antiqvo-); asper-ior, rougher (aspĕro-); audac-ior, bolder (audāci-); běněficent-ior, more benevolent (with participial suffix, from benefico-); cítěr‐ior, on this side (citra); concord-ior, more harmonious (concordi-); crebr-ior, more crowded (crebro-); dexter-ior, on the right side (dextro-); dētĕr-ior, worse; dit-ior, richer (dīti−); dūr-ior, barder (duro-); égent-ior, more needy (ĕgenti-); extĕr-ior, outside (extero-); felic-ior, happier (felici-); fertil-ior, more fertile (fertili-); frugal-ior (for positive frugi indecl. is used); imbecill-ior, weaker (imbecillo-); industr-ior, more active (industrio-); infer-ior, lower (infĕro-); ingent-ior, huger (ingenti-); intĕr-ior, inner (intra); jun-ior, younger (jůvěn-); magnific-ent-ior, more highminded (magnifico- with participial suffix); mājor, greater (for måg-ior, comp. mag-nus); měl-ior, better; misĕr-ior, more wretched (misĕro-); nēqv-ior, naughtier (nēquam); ōc-ior, swifter (comp. wkús); pējor, worse (for ped-ior, comp. pessimus); pingv-ior, fatter (pingvi-); plus (n.), more (for ploiōs, cf. § 754); popular-ior, more popular (põpŭlāri-); postĕr-ior, later (postěro-); prior, former (pro? cf. § 754); prop-ior, nearer (prope); sălütär-ior, more healthful (sălütāri-); sălübr-ior, more healthy (sălubri-); sătŭr-ior (Col.), fatter (sătŭro-); sen-ior, older (sen-, nom., senex-); sinister-ior, on the left hand (sinistèro-); super-ior, upper (supĕro-); těnv-ior, thinner (tenvi-); větust-ior, older (větusto-); ulter-ior, further (ultra); and very many others. -us (-ür) Substantives: (a) feminine: tellus, the earth. 918 (b) Neuter: crus, a leg; jūs, right (comp. júb-ēre and $76. 2); broth (comp. (wμós); pūs, diseased matter; rūs, the country; tus, frankincense (from Ovos?). Compound stem-endings: -issŭmo, § 758; -usto, -esto, § 789; -sti, -estat, §§ 808, 811; -usculo, § 864. CHAPTER IX. VOWEL NOUN-STEMS. i. Stems ending in -eo. -eo I. Adjectives: ǎdōr-eus, of spelt (ădōr-); æquor-eus, watery (æquòr-); ær-eus, of bronze (æs-); arbor-eus, of a tree (arbŎs-); arbůt-eus of the arbutus (arbŭto-); argent-eus, of silver (argento-); ǎrundin-eus, of reeds (ǎrundon-); aur-eus, golden (auro-); cer-eus, waxen (cēra-); consangvin-eus, of the same blood (com, sangven-); corneus, of the cornel tree (corno-); horny (cornu-); corpor-eus, of or having a body (corpos-); femin-eus, of a woman (fē-mina-); ferr-eus, of iron (ferro-); flamm-eus, Alamy (flamma-); flōr-eus, flowery (flōs-); flūmin-eus, of a river (flū‐měn-); fulmin-eus of thunder (ful-měn-); füm-eus, smoky (fūmo-); grāmin-eus, grassy (grã-měn-); ign-eus, fiery (igni-); lact-eus, milky (lacti-); lan-eus, woolly (läna-); lǎpideus, pebbly (lăpid-); lut-eus, muddy (lŭto-); luteus golden yellow (lūto-); niv-eus, snowy (nivi-); oss-eus, bony (ossi-); pic-eus, pitchy (pic-); plumb-eus, leaden (plumbo-); pulvĕr-eus, dusty (pulvis-); ros-eus, rosy (rosa-); sangvin-eus, bloody (sangvěn-); sāx-eus, stony (saxo-); sīdĕr-eus, starry (sīdŭs-); spic-eus, of ears of corn (spīca-); trītic-eus, wheaten tritico-); vipĕr-eus of a viper (vīpěra-); virgin-eus, girlish (virgon-); and others. 2. Substantives: (a) Masculine: alv-eus, a trough, hollow (alvo-); balt-eus (or -eum), a belt; calc-eus, a shoe (calci- heel); cās-eus, a cheese; clup 919 eus, a shield; cull-eus, a bag (from Gr. koλeós: comp. cülus); cun-eus, a wedge, lăqv-eus, a noose; mall-eus, a hammer; mull-eus, a red shoe (mullo- red mullet?); pilleus (also pilleum), a felt cap (comp. milos, felt); plùt-eus, a board, shed, &c.; put-eus, a well; urc-eus, a pitcher. (b) Feminine: ǎdōr-ea, renown (lit. corn-reward; ǎdōr-); ālea, a die; ardea, a heron (comp. épwdios); ārea, an open space; baxeæ (pl.), shoes; bractea, a plate of metal; căpr-ea, a roedeer (capro-), fovea, a pitfall; frămea, a spear (Tac. G. 6.); gălea, a helmet (comp. Kuvén); gânea, a restaurant; glārea, gravel; grān-ea, a cornmash (grano-); laur-ea, a laurel tree or bay (lauro-); lin-ea, a flaxen thread (lino-); Ŏcrea, a greave; Ŏlea, an olive (comp. λaía); pălea, straw (comp. Pǎles); plătěa, a street (from Tλareîα, broadway); sŏl-ea, a sandal (solo-, ground); taleà, a rod; tînea (tinia, comp. tænia, Tawvía); a bookworm; trăbea, a state robe; vinea, a vineyard, a shed. (c) Neuter: flammeum, a bridal veil (flamma-); hordeum, barley. -ac-eo 1. Adjectives: cret-aceus, of chalk (crēta-); ĕdĕr-āceus, 920 of ivy (ěděra-); farr-aceus, of spelt (farr-); gallin-āceus (gallinacius), of hens (gallina-); herb-āceus, grass coloured (herba-); horde-aceus, of barley (hordeo-); ros-āceus, of roses (rosa-); test-aceus, of pottery (testa-); viol-āceus of violes (viola-). -üceo -teo -neo -gneo 2. Substantives: erin-aceus, a hedgehog (comp. er, xýp Hesych.); must-āceus or must cake (musto-); vīn-āceus, a raisin stone (vino-). caduceus, herald's staff (comp. kηpúkelov); pann-uceus 921 (pannucius), tattered, wrinkled (panno-). lin-teum, a linen cloth (līno-). 1. Adjectives: ǎhē-neus (æneus), of bronze (for ahes- 922 neus, from æs-); angvi-neus (rare), snaky (angvi-); ěbur-neus, of ivory (ěbor-); popul-neus, of poplar (pōpulo-); quer-neus, oaken (quercu- § 110). 2. Substantives: ǎrān-eus (in Plin. also as adj.), a spider (comp. apáxvns); balineum or balneum (cf. also $330), a bath (from Baλaveiov). i. e. gïn-eo, from root of gignere; unless the g be softened for c in the first two words, and in the last be due to a false analogy. Пll-gneus, of ilex (for ilic-gneus, from îlěc-); săligneus (Col.), of willow (sălic-); vīti-gineus vine-produced (vīti-). (a) consent-aneus, suited (consentire); dissentaneus, 923 unsuited (dissentire), extraneus, external (extra); fōc-aneus (rustic ap. Col.), of the throat; applied to a choking sprout (fauci-); miscell-aneus (Juv.), miscellaneous (miscello-); pěd-aneus, an inferior judge (pěd-); præcid-aneus (Cato), slaughtered before (præ-cæd-ĕre); prælig-aneus (Cato), picked before (prælig-ére); præsent-aneus (Plin.), operating quickly (præsenti-); succed-aneus or succidaneus coming in place of another (succed-ĕre or succīdère); sicc-āneus (Col.), dry (sicco-). (b) Compounds formed immediately from the simple parts: bĭpĕd-aneus (Col.), two feet in measure (bis pĕd-); circumföraneus, round the forum (circum fòro-); collact-aneus, foster (com lacti-); měditerr-aneus, inland (mědio-, terra-); subterraneus, underground (sub terra-); supervăc-aneus, superfluous (super văcā-re). t-an-eo i. e. āneo appended to stem of past participle: -ōneo -leo -io collec-taneus (Plin., Suet.), gathered together (collig-ĕre); 924 ĭdōněus, fit. 1. Adjectives: cæruleus (cærulus), dark blue (cælo- 925 cf. § 176). 2. Substantives: (a diminutival suffix). acu-leus, sting, prickle (ăcu-); ĕqvé-leus, a colt (ĕqvo-); hinnu-leus a fawn (hinno-); mănů-leus, a long sleeve (mănu-); nuc-leus (nuculeus, Plaut.), a kernel (nŭc-); trochlea, a block of pulleys (from Tроxós, comр. Tроxaλía). See also § 919. 2. ii. Stems ending in -io. (For stems in -i see Book II. Chap. x.) 1. Adjectives: chiefly from nouns: (a) abstēm-ius, abstemious (abs, tēm-; comp. tēm-ŭlentus, tēm-ētum); āĕrius, in the air (aer-); æther-ius, in the ather (æther-); ǎl-ius, other; anx-ius, uneasy (ang-ère?); augur-ius, of an augur (augur-); cæs-ius, gray; düb-ius, doubtful (duo-; the bis perhaps parasitical, cf. § 76, or du-bi-us is for du-vi-us, two-wayed) 926 |