(3) Stems in -I-tie, usually with collateral stem in -I-tia (§§ 340, 342):

ǎmari-ties (Catull.), bitterness (ămāro-); ǎmīci-tia (-e stem once Lucr.), friendship (ămīco-); ăvārī-tia (-e stem once Lucr.), greediness (ǎvāro-); calvi-ties (post-Aug.), baldness (calvo-); cani-ties (-a stem once Plin.), grayness (cāno-); dūri-ties (also -a stem), hardness (duro-); lenti-tia (-e stem once post-Aug.), pliancy (lento-); molli-tia (also -e stem), softness (molli-); mundi-tia -e stem once Catull.), cleanliness (mundo-); neqvi-tia (also -e stem), roguishness (neqvam-); nigri-ties (Cels.; -a stem Plin.), blackness (nigro-); nōti-tia (-e stem Lucr.), acquaintance (nōti-); pigri-tia (-e stem Liv. once), laziness (pigro-); plānī-ties (also -a stem), a level (plāno-); pulli-ties (Varr., Col.), a brood (pullo-); sěgni-tia (also segni-ties), inactivity (segni-); spurci-tia (-e stem Lucr. once), smuttiness (spurco-); tristi-tia (-e stem Ter. once), sadness (tristi-); vastl-ties (Plaut.), desolation (vasto-).

(c) Neuter: (1) -io appended to supine stems:

com-i-tium, place of assembly (comire); exerci-tium (post-Aug.), exercise (exercere); ex-I-tium, destruction (ex-ire); in-I-tium, beginning (inire).

(2) From nouns, or of uncertain origin: calvi-tium, baldness (calvo-); équi-tium, a stud of horses (équo-); gurgustium, a hovel; os-tium, a door (ōs-); otium, leisure; Pălatium (in Martial Pālātium), a Roman hill, a palace; servi-tium, slavery (servo-); spătium, space; vitium, a fault (větāre?).

-en-t-io i.e. -10 or -a appended to stem (in -enti) of present par- 933 ticiples or adjectives of like form:

I. Feminine: afflu-entia, abundance (afflu-ĕre); audi-entia, a bearing (aud-ire); běněvöl-entia, goodwill (bene, velle); clem-entia, mercifulness (clem-enti-); contin-entia, self-control (contin-ere); dilig-entia, accuracy (dilig-ĕre); ělěgantia, neatness (eleganti-); frěqventia, crowd (frèqventi-); excandesc-entia, firing up, i.e. irascibility (excande-sc-ère); indig-entia, need, craving (indigere); infantia, speechlessness, infancy (in, fari); intellig-entia, intelligence (intellěg-ĕre); neglig-entia, carelessness (neglig-ĕre); pestil-entia, infection (pestil-enti-); pětŭl-antia, forward conduct (pětůl-anti; comp. petul-cus); prúd-entia, forethought (prüd-enti-, i. e. providenti-); săpi-entia, wisdom (săpĕ-re); sent-entia, an opinion (for sentientia? from sentire); tēmül-entia, drunkenness (tēmŭl-ento-); vīnŏl-entia, intoxication (vinol-ento-); viŏl-entia, violence (viol-ento-), and So the names of towns; e.g. Placentia, Pollentia, Valentia, &c. 2. Neuter: silentium, silence (silēre).

Λ

others

-n-d-io

-n-io

Formed from stem of gerund: crěpundia (n. pl.), a child's rattle (crĕpāre); facundia (f.), eloquence (facundo-, cf. § 823); iracundia (f.), wrathfulness (iracundo-).

contici-nium, time of general silence, evening (contice-sc- 934 ĕre); Făv-ōnius, West Wind (fǎv-ēre); lăcinia, a flap of a garment (comp. λakis, a rent); luscinia, a nightingale; pěcü-nia, money (stock of cattle? from pecu- with suffix -ino, see § 747); scrinium, a writing-desk (scrīb-ĕre?); sterqvili-nium, a dung heap (for stercăril-inium, from stercos-, the ʼn being a diminutival suffix?). See also proper names in § 948.

(a) feminine: acri-monia, sharpness (acri-); ægri-mōnia, sorrow (ægro-); cæri-mōnia, a sacred rite; casti-monia, chastity (casto-;) parsi-monia, thriftiness (from participle of parcere); quèri-mônia, a complaint (quĕr-i); sancti-mōnia, sanctity (sancto-).

(b) Neuter: al-Imōnium (also alimõnia, Plaut.), nourishment (ǎl-ĕre); mātr-imōnium, marriage (mātr-); merci-mōnium (Plaut., Tac.), wares (merci-); patr-imonium, hereditary estate (patr-); testůmōnium (testimōnium), evidence (testi-); văd-imōnium, bail (văd-). -cin-io i.e. -lo suffixed to stem of verbs in -cină (cf. § 967).

lātrō-cin-ium, robbery (latro-cināri); lēnō-cin-ium, pander's arts (lēnō-cināri); pătro-cin-ium, protection (patro-cināri); ràtiocin-ium, calculation (ratio-cināri); tīrō-cin-ium, pupillage (tīrōn-; the verb is not in use); vāti-cin-ium, prophecy (vāti-cināri).

-1-10

i.e. -io suffixed to a diminutival suffix -10.

(a) qvisqvi-liæ (pl.), refuse (§ 118. 4).

(b) auxilium, aid (auxo-, for aucto-?; cf. «vgávw); conci-lium, a council (concire); pěcú-lium, property of children or slaves (small stock of cattle, pecu-); prælium, a battle.

See also proper names in § 949.

935

936

937

e.g. Baccanalia (gen. pl. Baccanaliorum, § 425), &c. See 938 § 880, p. 335.

Căpitolium, the Roman Capitol.

-al-10

-ō1-10

-81-10

-ill-10) -il-io

See proper names in § 949.

contumelia, insult (contumēre?); fid-elia, an earthen jar.

939

-r-io

1. Adjectives: proprius, one's own; vărius, varied.

2. Substantives: cantĕrius, a gelding (from κavýλios?); centăria, a division composed of a hundred men (centum, viro-? § 94. 2); děcúria, a division composed of ten (děcem-); eqvirria or ecurria (pl.), horse-race day on Feb. 27, Mar. 14 (for eqvi-curr-ia from eqvo-, curr-ĕre?) glōria, glory (cluěre? § 127); Lěmūria (pl.), Night of offerings to wrathful spirits, May 9, 11, 13 (Lemures); longurius, a long pole (longo-); luxuria (luxuries), luxury (luxu-); maceria (also early maceries), a wall; pēnūria, scarcity (comp. πeîva, hunger); promunturium, see § 943. 2; tugurium, a hut (těg-ère?); voltŭrius, a vulture (comp. voltur, § 454). See also § 928.

940

-br-io 1. Adjectives: ebrius, drunken; sobrius, sober (comp. 941 ows, safe).

2. Substantives: Fimbria (proper name); fimbria (pl.), fringe (fibro-?); lūdi-brium, mockery, sport (lūdo-); manu-brium, a handle (mănu-).

-ār-io Very numerous, often with collateral stems in -āri (§ 906), 942 but without any tendency to change to -alio when an r precedes. Many of these words, named here as substantives, are also used, less noticeably, as adjectives, or in other genders, or other special meanings.

1. Adjectives:

advers-arius, opposed (adverso-); ær-arius, of bronze, of money (æs-); ǎgr-arius, of land (agro-); al-arius, of the wing (ala-); annivers-arius, annual (anno-, verso-); ǎqv-arius, of water (ǎqva-); argent-arius, of silver, money (argento-); auxili-arius (also auxiliaris), auxiliary (auxilio-); calc-arius, of chalk (calci-); cald-arius, of warm baths (calda-); caus-ārius, in ill-health (causa-, an ailment, Cels., Sen., Plin.); cell-arius, of the cellar (cella-); classi-arius, of the fleet (classi-); contr-arius, opposed (contra); extr-arius, outside, strange (extra); fīdūci-arius, under a trust (fiducia-); früment-arius, of corn (frumento-); grĕg-arius, of a herd (greg-); honōr-arius, of honour or of a public office (hŏnōr-); júdici-arius, of the courts (judicio-), legiōn-arius, of a legion (légiōn-); mănŭfest-arius (Plaut.), caught in the act (manufesto-); mātĕri-arius, of timber (mātĕria-); mens-arius, of a bank (mensa-); mercenn-arius, for hire (from merced-, with a suffix -on); naumachi-arius (Plin., Suet.), for a sea fight (vavμaxía); něcess-arius, necessary (něcesse); num-arius, of money (numo-); önĕr-arius, for burden (önůs-); õpĕr-arius, of labour (õpěra-); pěcu-arius, of cattle (pècu-); pisc-arius, of fish (pisci-); piscin-arius, of a fishpond (piscina-); prěc-arius, on sufferance (prec-); primarius, of the first (primo-); qvinusvicenarius, of twenty-five (avino-, viceno-); qvinqvāgen-arius, consisting of fifty (qvinqvāgēno-); sẽ

cund-arius, secondary (secundo-); sen-arius, containing six (sēno-); stipendi-arius, paying a (fixed) tribute (stīpendio-); subit-arius, hasty (subito-); subsidi-arius, in reserve (subsidio-); sumptu-arius, of expense (sumptu-); tabell-arius, of the ballot, see also 2 (a) (tǎbella-); tālarius, of dice (tālo-); těměr-arius, rash (těměre); tempor-arius, for a time (tempos-); testament-arius, of a will (testamento-); tumultu-arius, of a bustle, hurriedly done (tumultu-); vesti-arius, of clothes (vesti-); vin-arius, of wine (vino-); unci-arius, of an ounce or twelfth part (uncia-); võlunt-arius, by free will (võlunti-, or for volunta-tarius); võlupt-arius, of pleasure (voluptat-; for volupta-tarius); and others.

2. Substantives: (a) masculine:

antiqv-arius (post-Aug.), an antiquarian (antīqvo-); cēt-arius, a fishmonger (cēto-); cinĕr-arius, a haircurler (cinis-, ashes in which the irons were heated); comment-arius (sc. liber), a note-book (commento-); cùbĭcŭl-arius (Cic., cf. § 906), a valet (cubiculo-); dēnarius (sc. numus), a ten-as-piece (dēno-); emiss-arius, a scout (emisso-); febru-arius (sc. mensis), the month of purifications (februo-); horre-arius, a granary-keeper (horreo-); jānu-arius (sc. mensis), the gate-month? (janua-), or month of Janus-feast? (Jano-, Januo-); libr-arius, a transcriber (libro-); lign-arius, a joiner (ligno-); marmor-arius, a marble mason (marmòr-); nõt-arius, a shorthand writer (nota-); osti-arius, a doorkeeper (ostio-); prōlētarius, a citizen of the lowest class; pull-arius, a chicken-keeper (pullo-); pult-arius (sc. calix), a cup, properly for pottage (pulti-); qvadrig-arius, a driver of four-in-hand (qvadrīga-); rēti-arius, a net-fighter (rēti-); ror-arius, a light-armed soldier; sext-arius, a pint, a sixth of a congius (sexto-); tăbŭl-arius, a registrar (tăbŭla-); tăbell-arius, a letter-carrier (tǎbella-); tolut-arius (Sen.), a trotter (cf. tolutim, § 534); tri-arius, a soldier of the third line (tri-); vicarius, a deputy (vici-); and others.

(b) Feminine: ǎrēn-ariæ (pl.), sandpits (ărēna-); argent-aria, a bank, a silver mine (argento-); calv-aria, a skull (calvo-, bald); ferr-aria (pl.), ironworks (ferro-); sulpur-aria, a sulphur pit (sulpur-).

So as names of plays (cf. Ritschl. Parerg. Plaut. p. 140); e.g. by Plautus: Asin-aria (sc. fabula), of an ass (ǎsino-); Aulul-aria, of a pottle (aulula-); Cistell-aria, of a casket (cistella-); Frivol-aria, of cracked crockery? (frivolo-, cf. Fest. p. 90, Müll.); Mostell-aria, of a ghost (mostello-, from monstro-); Nervŏl-aria, of a little thong (nervŏlo-); Vidŭl-aria, of a portmanteau (vidŭlo-). By Nævius, Coroll-aria, Tunicul-aria (túnicula-); by Nonius, Gallinaria, Tăbellaria, Tögŭlaria; by Pomponius, Sarcularia.

(c) Neuter: ær-arium, the treasury (æs-); æstu-arium, a tidal bay (æstu-); armāmeņt-arium, an arsenal (armāmento-); arm

arium, a cupboard (arma); ǎvi-arium, an aviary (ăvi-); bell-aria (Varr.), pastry (bello-?); bo-arium (sc. forum), the cattle-market (bov-); cer-arium, a fee for sealing (cēra-); cib-aria (pl.), provisions (cibo-); columb-arium, a dovecot, a set of pigeon-holes (columba-); column-arium, a tax on pillars (columna-); congi-arium, a quartlargess (congius=5.76 pints); di-arium, daily allowance (die-); dōn-arium, a temple, an offering (dōno-); emiss-arium, an outlet (emisso-); frigid-arium, the cooling-place (frigida-, sc. aqua); fustuarium, a cudgelling (fusti-, cf. § 405); grān-aria (pl.), granaries (grano-); kǎlend-arium, an account-book (kǎlenda-); mort-arium, a mortar (morti-?); pōm-arium, an orchard (pōmo-); pulment-aria (pl.), condiments, relish (pulmento-); săcr-arium, a shrine (săcro-); săl-arium, salt-money, salary (săl-); sõl-arium, a sun-dial (sōl-); sŏl-arium (Dig.), ground-rent (sŎlo-); súd-arium, a towel (sudă-re, to sweat); tăbül-arium, a registry (tăbŭla-); virid-arium (or viridiarium), a shrubbery (viridi-); viv-arium, a preserve, e. g. a fishpond (vivo-).

-tōr-io

(-sör-10)} i.e. -10 appended to personal names in -tor (or -sor § 908). £43

Some appear to be formed immediately from the supine stem, or past participle:

I. Adjectives:

accusa-tor-ius, of an accuser; ǎlea-tor-ius, of a gamester; ămātor-ius, amatory; ambula-torius (Plin.), moveable; bella-tor-ius, of a warrior; cen-sor-ius, of a censor; circula-tor-ius (Quint.), of a mountebank; damna-tor-ius, damnatory; declama-tor-ius, declamatory; decre-tor-ius (post-Aug.), decisive (decreto-); defunc-torius (post-Aug.), slight, cursory; dicta-tor-ius, of a dictator; explōrator-ius (Suet.), of a scout; gestā-tor-ius (Suet.), for carrying; glådia-tor-ius, of a gladiator; impĕrā-tor-ius, of a general; lū-sor-ius (post-Aug.), for playing (lūsu-?); mes-sor-ius, of a reaper; mĕritorius, for hire (měrito-); nuga-tor-ius, trifling; objurga-tor-ius, reproachful; ora-tor-ius, of an orator; pas-tor-ius (Ov.), of a shepberd; perfu-sor-ius (post-Aug.), superficial; pisca-tor-ius, of a fisherman; pis-tor-ius (Cels., Plin.), of a baker; pō-torius (Plin.), for drinking (pōtu-); præcur-sor-ius (Plin. Ep.), as a forerunner; præda-tor-ius, predatory; prædia-tor-ius, of purchasers of estates sold by auction; profes-sor-ius (Tac.), of a professor; pugna-tor-ius (post-Aug.), of a combatant; quæs-tor-ius, of a quæstor; récupèrātor-ius, of recovery-commissioners; salta-tor-ius, of dancers; scriptor-ius, of writers; sena-tor-ius, of a senator; spěcŭlā-tor-ius, of scouts; sva-sor-ius (post-Aug.), persuasive; su-tor-ius, of a shoemaker; větěrā-tor-ius, of an old practitioner; and others.

2. Substantives: (a) feminine: Agitātoria (sc. fabula), name of a play by Nævius, of a driver (agitator-); vorsoria, a turn

(only in Plautus 'cape vorsoriam'). vic-Fria, victory.