how many? (adjectives). List of Numerals (chiefly from Neue, cf. supr. p. 103). CARDINAL: answering to the question quot? ORDINAL: answering the question quotus? which in numerical order? (all declinable adjectives). (primus, a, um prior, first of two alter 3 III. tres, tria tertius terni (or trīni, cf. inf.) těr IIII. or IV. qvattuor qvartus qvǎterni qvǎtěr lia millensimus nongeni singula millia singula millia ducena tricena quina bina millia qvaterna millia qvina millia sexiens millensimus sena millia deciens millensimus lensimus vicena millia dena millia qvinqvagena millia centiens millensimus centena millia qvingentiens mil- qvingena millia lensimus deciens centum mil- deciens centiens mil- deciens centena mil- deciens centiens milliens lensimus lia In spelling, on the above table, the terminations of the ordinals -ensimus (instead of the older -ensumus, and later -esimus), and of the adverbs -ens (instead of the later -es), and of millia (not milia), the Monumentum Ancyranum has been followed. In some good MSS. other forms for the distributives of hundreds are (rarely) found; e.g._ducenteni, qvadringenteni, &c., and these forms are mentioned by Priscian. Multiplicative adjectives are formed with the suffix -plex, -fold, viz. simplex, sescuplex (one and a half fold), duplex, triplex, quadruplex, qvincuplex, septemplex, decemplex, centuplex. Others in -plus are generally used in neuter only, to denote a magnitude twice, &c. as great as another. These are simplus, sescuplus, duplus, triplus, qvadruplus, octuplus. For derivatives like primānus, of the first (legion), see § 830; primarius, of the first (rank), § 942, 1; and the names of the numbers, e.g. binio, two, see § 852. Another series (see esp. Frontin., de aquæduct., 26—62) is binarius, containing two, ternarius, qvaternarius, qvīnarius, sēnarius, septenarius, octonarius, novenarius, denarius, duodenarius, vicenarius ("lex quina vicenaria," Plaut.), tricenarius, qvadragenarius, qvinqvagenarius, sexagenarius, septuagenarius, octogenarius, nonagenarius, centenarius, ducenarius, trecenarius, qvadringenarius, qvingenarius, septingenarius, octingenarius, millenarius. Comp. $942, I. ii. Signs for Numerals. In writing numbers a stroke over the (Roman) letters indicates thousands, and top as well as side strokes indicate hundred thousands; e.g. XVIII. is duodeviginti millia, xxcccc. is viginti millia quadringenti, |X|CLXXXDC_is_deciens centum millia et octoginta millia sescenti (1,180,600)1. See also in § xii. The signs for 50, 100, 1000 were originally the three Greek aspirate letters which the Romans did not require, viz. Y, O, o, i.e. X, 0, 0. They was written and abbreviated into L; from a false notion of its origin made like the initial of centum; and assimilated to ordinary letters Ciɔ. The half of o, viz. D, was taken for 1000, i.e. 500; x probably from the ancient form of 8, viz., being adopted for 10, the half of it v was taken for 5. 1 Marquardt, Röm. Alterth. III. 2, p. 32. Unus. For mode of declension see § 371. In the plural it is only used with substantives whose plural denotes a singular, e.g. unæ litteræ, one epistle; unæ ædes, one house (set of rooms, or of hearths?); uni mores, one and the same conduct; uni Suevi, the single tribe of the Suevi (or the Suevi alone). Duo. The masc. and neut. are: nom. acc. duo, gen. duorum or duum, dat. abl. duōbus. For the m. acc. duos is also used. The fem. is: nom. duæ, acc. duas, gen. duarum or duum, dat. abl. duabus. Ambo, both, is similarly declined. In expressions like duodecim, duodeviginti, duoetvicesimus, duo is not varied. Nom. and acc. tres, n. tria, gen. trium, dat. tríbus. All the other cardinal numbers up to centum are undeclined: so also is mille when used as an adjective. As a substantive it has a declinable plural millia, millium, millibus (cf. § 177): but in the singular is only used in nom. or acc. In expressions like cæsi sunt tria millia trecenti milites, we must supply militum after millia. If the name of the thing, &c. numbered precede, it is usually put in the genitive, e.g. militum (not milites) tria millia trecenti casi sunt. The other cardinal, all the ordinal and the distributive numbers, are declinable adjectives with -o stems. The genitive plural of the cardinals and distributives is usually in -um for -orum (cf. § 365); e. g. non plus mille qvingentum æris (for qvingentorum nummorum); senum septenumque denum. iv. Order in compounding Numerals. In compound numbers, from thirteen to nineteen inclusive, the smaller is usually prefixed to the larger without et, e.g. septem decem (or septemdecim), septimus decimus, septeni deni, septies decies; but in cardinals and ordinals the order is sometimes reversed, and in cardinals et is sometimes inserted, especially if the larger come first, e.g. decem septem, decem et septem, septem et decem: decimus septimus (Sen.). From twenty-one to ninety-nine, the rule is that, either the larger should precede the smaller number without et, or the smaller precede the larger with et, e. g. viginti qvattuor or qvattuor et viginti; vicesimus quartus or qvartus et vicesimus, &c.; but in the ordinals and distributives, exceptions to both usages occur, e.g. qvadragesimum et sextum, sexto tricesimo, qvinqvagena et singula, qvinos vicenos, &c.; and in cardinals and distributives the conjunction is sometimes inserted even when the larger precedes, e.g. viginti et septem (Cic.), qvadraginta et qvisque (Liv.), vicies ac septies, &c. |