THE SALTIRE. The shield divided by lines running from the sinister and dexter base to the sinister and dexter chief-points, forming a cross.

THE CHEVRON. The shield divided by rafters, which rest at the dexter and sinister naval-points, and unite at the middle chief-point.

THE BORDER. The shield divided by a line running inside of the border lines of the field, representing a smaller escutcheon of the same form.

THE ORLE. Lines that describe the form of a bow in the center of the field with cross-top.

THE PRETENCE. A small shield in the center of the large one, on which the wife's arms are emblazoned.

THE QUARTER. Lines running from the top and side of the shield, and meeting in the center so as to cut one quarter from the dexter chief.

THE CANTON. Lines that cut out the dexter corner of the shield, upon which is sometimes an open hand.

CHECQUE. Lines running across the shield at right angles, dividing the field into checques.

BILLETS. Three oblong figures, two in the chief and one in the middle, basepoint like billets of wood.

THE PAILE. Lines running from the middle base-point to the dexter and sinister chief-points, forming the letter Y.

THE PILE. Lines running from the sinister and dexter chief-points to the middle base-point, in the form of the letter V, said to represent the three nails of the Saviour's cross, when there are three.

THE FLAUNCE. Lines running from the sides of the shield in the form of halfcircles.

LOSENGE. Three small diamond-formed figures, sometimes one within the other, making a border to each.

THE FRET. A large diamond, whose points nearly reach the sides of the shield, crossed by two lines running from sinister and dexter chief-points to sinister and dexter base-points.

LOZENGY. Caused by lines crossing each other in diamond-form.

ARMS OF RIDDELLS, IN SCOTLAND.

[FROM THE LYON OFFICE, EDINBURGH.]

GEORGE RIDDELL, Esq., doctor of medicine, heir male, and representative of the family of Kinglass, who was descended of Riddell of that ilk: Bears quarterly, first and fourth argent on a chevron gules, betwixt three ears of rye, slipped and bladed vert, a mollet of the field of Riddell. Second and third argent, a fess between three bay leaves vert for Foulis, as being descended from Foulis of Ravelston by his great-grandmother, who was aunt to Sir JohnFoulis Primrose of Ravelston and Dunipace, Bart.; Crest, a demi-greyhound argent. Motto, "Right to Share." Matriculated 7th August, 1765.

JAMES RIDDELL, Esq., of Riddell-Lodge, in the County of Berwick, and of Belton, in the County of Suffolk (descended of the family of Riddell of Kinglass, by Elizabeth Foulis, aunt to Sir John-Foulis Primrose of Ravelston and Dunipace, Bart.; who was descended of Riddell of that ilk), and who married Mary, eldest daughter of Thomas Milles, Esq., of Billockby-hall, in the County of Norfolk: Bears quarterly, first and fourth argent, on a Chevron invected gules, betwixt three ears of Rye slipped and bladed vert: a cross moline of the field for Riddell; second and third or, a lion passant between three billets sable by the name of Milles. Crest, a demi-greyhound argent. Motto, "Right to Share." Matriculated 7th August, 1765.

JAMES RIDDELL, of Ardnamurchan and Sunart, in the County of Argyle; of Mains, in the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright; of Riddell-Lodge, in the County of

Berwick; of Castlelaw, in the County of Mid-Lothian; of Belton, in the County of Suffolk; and of Caister, in the County of Norfolk, esquire. One of His Majesty's Justices of the Peace for the Counties of Argyle and Suffolk, LL. D., and member of the Society for Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce, whose lady was Mary, daughter and heiress of Thomas Milles, of Billockby-hall, esquire, in the County of Norfolk, and who was third son of Capt. George Riddell, representative of the family of Kinglass, and Christian daughter of Andrew Patterson, of Kirktown, esquire, which George was eldest son of George Riddell, of Kinglass, esquire, and Jean, eldest daughter of Capt. John Taillyeour, which last George, who succeeded his elder brother James Riddell, of Kinglass, who died without issue, was second son of James Riddell, of Kinglass, Commissary General to the Parliament's army in the north in the reign of King Charles I, and Elizabeth, daughter of George Foulis, of Ravelston, esquire, which last James was only son of James Riddell, the only son of Robert Riddell, second son of Walter Riddell, of Riddell, esquire, chief of that name in this kingdom, the thirteenth in descent from Geoffrey Riddell, who obtained from King David I, these lands in the County of Roxburgh, erected on his account into the Barony of Riddell, which Geoffrey was grandson of the Sieur Riddell, who was descended from the House of Anjou, who was one of the noblemen that came from Normandy with William the Conqueror, and had a command in his army at the Battle of Hastings, in the year 1066: Bears quarterly, first and fourth argent, on a chevron invecked gules between three ears of rye slipped and bladed proper, a cross Moline of the field for Riddell; second and third or, a lion passant between three billets sable for Milles. Crest, a demi-greyhound argent. Motto: " Right to Share," and below the shield, Utile et Dulce. Supporters: On the dexter, a lady, the emblem of agriculture, holding in her right hand the Zodiac, together with three stalks of corn, and in her left, an imperial crown proper; her upper garment vert, and the under one or. On the sinister, the emblem of Honour, wreathed about the head with laurel, crested with broom, holding a spear in his dexter hand, and a shield in his sinister, whereon are represented two temples proper, vested above a white garment with a robe azure, with a chain around his neck, and bracelets round his wrists or. Matriculated 7th February,

1775.

SIR JAMES-MILLES RIDDELL, of Ardnamurchan and Sunart, in the County of Argyle, Bart., eldest son and heir of Thomas-Milles Riddell, Esq., and Mrs. Margaret Campbell his spouse, which Thomas-Milles was only son of the late Sir James Riddell, also of Ardnamurchan, etc., Bart., by his spouse Mary, only daughter and heiress of Thomas Milles, of Billockby-hall in the County of Norfolk, esquire: Bears quarterly, first on three piles in point gules, surmounted by a bend azure; second quarter counter-quartered, first lozengy or. and gules; second gules. three lions rampant or; third gules. two pales vair a chief or; fourth barry of six or, and sable in chief. a label of six points of the last. Third grand quarter counter-quartered. first azure, a wolf's head erazed argent; second and third argent. three barry gules; fourth barry wavy of six, or, and gules. Fourth grand quarter or. a lion passant. between three billets sable, the badge of a British baronet being placed in the heart-point. Above the shield is placed a helmet befitting his degree with a mantling, gules doubled argent, and on a wreath of his liveries is set for crest a hand issuing out a coronet of an earl of France, holding baton all proper, over which upon an exvol is the motto " 'de Apulia," and beneath the shield upon a compartment

whereon is inscribed utile dulce, are placed for supporters, on the dexter a female representing agriculture, habited as the ancient Ceres, holding a plough with her right hand and in her left a poppy-seed vessel with ears of wheat and rye; and on the sinister an armed knight of the eleventh century representing Honour holding a pennon with the red cross of England upon a white field.

These arms are destined by letters-patent from the Lord Lyon, bearing even date with the Matriculation the twenty-second day of April, 1829, to the said Sir James-Milles Riddell, Bart., and his heirs, with due and proper differences according to the law of Arms, the exterior decoration of supporters and the baronet's badge being the distinct ensigns of the said Sir James-Milles Riddell and his male representatives.

ARMS OF VARIOUS HOUSES OF RIDDELL.

1. RIDDELL, of Ardnamurchan and Sunart, Scotland. Or, three piles in point gu., surmounted by a bend az. Crest, a hand issuing from an earl's coronet of France, holding a baton, all ppr. Supporters, dexter, a female, in her exterior hand three ears of rye; sinister, a knight in complete armor. Motto, "Utile et dulce" (useful and agreeable). This coat was created in 1778, and has now many quarterings.

2. RIDDELL, of Roxburghshire, Scotland. Ar. a chev. gu. betw. three ears of rye ppr., slipped vert. Crest, a demi-greyhound ar. Supporters, two greyhounds ar. Motto, "I hope to share."

3. RIDDELL, of Minto, Scotland. Ar. a chev. gu. betw. three ears of rye, stalked and slipped vert. Crest, a dexter hand ppr., holding a blade of rye,

slipped, or.

4. RIDDELL, Durham and Newcastle, Northumberland.

Ar. a fesse betw. three

garbs., az. Crest, a demi-lion rampt. erminois, holding betw paws a garb or. Another az.

5. RIDDELL, Norfolk. Sa. three martletts within a bordure engrailed, ar. Crest, a martlett ar.

6. RIDDELL, Bedfordshire. Paley of six ar. and gu., a bend sa.

7. RIDDELL, Middlesex. Gu. a lion rampt or within a bordure. indented. ar. 8. RIDDELL, Oxfordshire and Gloucestershire. Paley of six, or. and gu. on a chief az. three lions. rampt. or. Crest, a talbot's head couped az. garnished and ringed or.

9. RIDDELL, Felton Park and Swinburn Castle. Arg. a fesse. betw three rye sheaves. az. Crest, a demi-lion. couped. or. holding a rye sheaf. az. Motto, "Deus solus augot arestas.”*

10. RIDDELL, Glen-Riddell, Dumfrieshire, Scotland. Ar. a chev. gu. betw. three ears of rye ppr. slipped vert. Crest, a sheaf of rye standing upright ppr.†

UNDESIGNATED ARMS OF RIDDELLS.

11. RIDDELL. Or. on a bend. az. three Catharine wheels ar.

* According to the appendix of the Carr MS., Thomas Riddell, sheriff of Newcastle-onTyne, 1500 A. D., William Riddell, mayor of that city, 1510 and 1526 A. D., William Riddell, sheriff, 1575 A. D., and Peter Riddell, sheriff, all bore arms as follows: "Gu. a lion rampant within a bordure indented arg." Peter, however, bore "a crescent sa. in dexter chief, for difference." It will be seen that these differ from the arms of the Riddells of Fenham, and the Scottish families. Jordan Ridel, of Tilmouth, England, 1230 A. D., "bore five bars wavy" in his shield. Ridall, or Ridhull (Herts), "Or, on a bend az.”

† For arms of Riddells of Wittering, see pedigree of that family in body of this book.

12. RIDDELL. Sa. on a fesse betw. three owls ar. five crosses formee of the first. RIDDELL. RIDDELL.

13. 14.

15. RIDDELL.

of the field.

Ar. three piles gu. a quarter sa.

Or three piles gu. a bendlet. az.

Sa. on a fesse. betw. three owls. or. as many cross-crosslets

16. RIDDELL. Arg. a chev. gu. engr. betw three ears of rye slipped ppr. in chief an open hand. Motto, "Utile et dulce."

ARMS OF RIDLEYS IN ENGLAND.

1. RIDLEY, Heaton Hall, County Northumberland, Bart. Quarterly first and fourth. gu. on a chev. betw. three falcons ar. as many pellets. for Ridley; second and third ar. three cocks' heads erased, Sa. for White. Crest, a full pass. the tail extended over the back, gu. Motto, "Constance fideo."

2. RIDLEY, Ridley Hall, Chester, and Willimoteswick and Walltown, Northumberland. Gu. a chev. betw. three goshawks, ar. for Wale, Elias Ridley; quarterings ar. an ox pas. gu. through reeds ppr. being the ancient coat of Ridley. Crest, a greyhound courant, ar.

3. RIDLEY, Atkinton and Linley, County Sallop. Ar. on a mount vert, a bull standing, gu. armed or.

4. RIDLEY, Parkend, Northumberland.

ar. as many pellets. Crest, a bull pass. gu.

Gu. on a chev. betw. three falcons

5. RIDLEY, Shropshire. Gu. a chev. ar. collared gu.

6.

RIDLEY, Ticket and Westwood, Northumberland and Yorkshire. Ar. a bull pass. gu. on a mount vert.

7. RIDLEY (as borne by Nicholas Ridley, Bishop of London). Gu. on a chev. betw. three falcons close, ar. as many pellets. Crest, a bull pass. gu.

8. RIDLEY, County Surrey. Gu. a chev. betw. three birds, ar.

UNDESIGNATED ARMS OF RIDLEYS.

9. RIDLEY. Ar. a chev. sa. betw. three cocks' heads. erased. gu. Crest, on

a chapeau a salamander in flames ppr.

10. RIDLEY, or REDLEIGH. Gu. a chev. betw. three birds, ar.

11. RIDLEY.

ar. collared, or. 12. RIDLEY.

13. RIDLEY.

Gu. a chev. betw. three birds, ar. Crest, a greyhound courant;

Ar. on a mount vert. a bull sa. armed gu.

Az. a chev. betw. three falcons ar. armed and jessed or. 14. RIDLEY. Gu. on a chev. ar. betw. three falcons close, or as many pellets. Crest, a bull pass. gu.

15. REDLEY. Gu. a chev. or.

16. RIDLER. Same as Ridley of Ticket, Northumberland.

17. RIDLEY. Or. surmounted by bend az. with three stars. dexter an open hand gu. Crest, a leopard, collared, chained, garnished, ramp. gd. Supporters, sinister, a unicorn chained and collared; dexter, a tiger ramp. chained. Motto, "Jamais Arriere" (never behind).

3

THE ANCIENT NORTHMEN, RIDDELL ANCESTRY.

THE greatest genealogists of England and Scotland have said, "Few families have claims to higher antiquity, than that of Ridel, or Riddell, and fewer still have such grounds upon which to establish their pretensions; indeed, the authorities supporting their history, are such as are rarely found in tracing the genealogy of our old families, especially at a period so remote as that at which theirs commences." As the ancestors of this distinguished family made so conspicuous a figure amongst their countrymen in the early wars, and were identified with all the fluctuations and migrations of their race, it seems proper to present a comprehensive sketch of the history of the ancient nation from which they are descended.

The several tribes of Scandinavians dwelling in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, originated on the shores of the German Ocean, and during their southern incursions, were called Norsemen, or Northmen, in consequence of their coming from the north of Europe. This was a proper name to apply to this race while they were united as one kingdom, but after their dissolution, the name Norman had reference only to the inhabitants of Norway; they are now designated by the several countries in which they live, namely, Danes, Swedes, and Norwegians. These ancient sea-kings, or vikings, followers of Odin, have a noble history, and their influence upon the civilization of Europe has been remarkable. Belonging to the German race, they shared the love of liberty, the spirit of activity, and the disposition to wander from their native land. They were divided into numerous tribes, early acquainted themselves with the art of navigation, and were addicted to piracy. From the beginning of the eighth century, they commenced to ravage the coasts of various parts of Europe, and planted their feet upon the soil of every country within their reach. Kings everywhere trembled at the name of the Northmen, and nations were almost paralyzed at their approach. To mark the resemblance between the ancient national characteristics of the Northmen and their descendants, representing the ancestry of the Riddell family, we will briefly consider their early appearance and habits. They were broad-shouldered, deep-chested, long-limbed, with slender waists, and small hands and feet; their build told of strength, which was so prized by them that their puny infants were exposed and left to die. Their complexion was almost always fair, and the fair alone were considered beautiful or well-born. One early writer says of the Northman, "His face was large; his forehead broad, with mickle eyebrows; his nose not long, but excessively thick; his upper lip wide and long, while his chin and jaw-bones were enormously broad.