18. CAREX AQUATILIS Wahl.-Swamp near Back River. August, 1897.

19. CAREX GOODENOVII J. Gay. (C. vulgaris.)-Lachine. July. Reported by Dr. Holmes as C. vulgaris.

20. CAREX PRASINA Wahl.- Hochelaga bank. June, 1897.

21. CAREX CRINITA Lam.- Mount Royal, St. Anne's, Hochelaga.

22. CAREX GYNANDRA Schwein.--Woods at St. Michel. July, 1897.

23. CAREX GRACILLIMA Schwein.-Common.

24. CAREX DAVISII Schwein.- Mount Royal. July. Reported by C. F. McCrea.

25. CAREX ARCTATA Boott.-Mount Royal, Hochelaga, Westmount, St. Anne's.

26. CAREX ARCTATA FAXONI Bailey.-Hochelaga woods. June, 1897.

27. CAREX TENUIS Rudge. (C. debilis, var. Rudgei.)— Bagg's woods. July, 1896.

28. CAREX

places.

GRANULARIS

Muhl.-Common in many

29. CAREX FLAVA L.-Mile End and Montreal Annex. June, 1895.

30. CAREX PALLESCENS L.-Mount Royal. May and June, 1895.

31. CAREX HITCHCOCKIANA Dewey. -Near riding course, June, 1895.

32. CAREX LAXIFLORA Lam.- Mount Royal and Mile End. Reported by Dr. Holmes.

33. CAREX LAXIFLORA BLANDA (Dewey) Boott.-Mount Royal and Hochelaga. May, 1895.

34. CAREX ALBURSINA Sheldon. latifolia) Mount Royal. May, 1895.

(C. laxiflora, var.

35. CAREX PLANTAGINEA Lam.-Sides of Mount Royal. May, 1895.

36. CAREX PLATYPHYLLA Carey. North mountain. Reported by Holmes and McCrea.

37. CAREX AUREA Nutt.- Mount Royal and Cote St. Paul. May and June, 1895.

38. CAREX PEDUNCULATA Muhl.-- Mount Royal and Westmount, 1894. Reported by McCrea.

39. CAREX PEDICELLATA (Dewey) Britton. (C. communis.)-Mount Royal, Westmount, St. Anne's.

40. CAREX PEDICELLATA WHEELERI (Bailey) Britton. (C. communis, var. Wheeleri.)

41. CAREX PENNSYLVANICA Lam.- Common in Mount Royal Park. May.

42. CAREX VARIA Muhl.- Common on Mount Royal. Reported by Dr. Holmes.

43. CAREX NOVE ANGLIE Schwein.-Hochelaga bank. June, 1897.

44. CAREX UMBELLATA Schk.-Mount Royal Park and Cemetery. May, 1895.

45. CAREX PUBESCENS Muhl.- Mount Royal. Rare. 1894.

46. CAREX

LEPTALEA

Wahl.

(C. polytrichoides.)—

Swamp on Mount Royal. May, 1894.

47. CAREX CHORDORHIZA L.- Bog, Hochelaga woods. August, 1896.

48. CAREX STIPATA Muhl.-Cote St. Paul and Mount Royal. Fairly common.

June.

50. CAREX VULPINOIDEA Michx.-Common. Reported by Holmes and McCrea.

51. CAREX TENELLA Schk.-Swamps on Mount Royal. 52. CAREX ROSEA Schk.-Common Mount Royal.

53. CAREX SPARGANIOIDES Muhl.-Near riding course. June, 1895.

54. CAREX CEPHALOPHORA Muhl.- Mount Royal, Mile End and Westmount.

55. CAREX STERILIS Willd. (C. echinata, var. microstachys.)—Common. Reported by Holmes as C. scirpoides.

56. CAREX CANESCENS L. Swamps on Mount Royal. June, 1894.

57. CAREX FOENEA Willd.- Mountain swamp. July, 1897.

58. CAREX TENUIFLORA Wahl.-Lachine swamp. July, 1897.

59. CAREX DEWEYANA Schwein.-Mount Royal. Fairly abundant. Reported by Holmes and McCrea.

60. CAREX BROMOIDES Schk.-Hochelaga bank swamp. June, 1896.

61. CAREX TRIBULOIDES Wahl.-Cote St. Paul, Lachine, Bagg's woods. July.

62. CAREX SCOPARIA Schk.-Mount Royal, Hochelaga. Lachine. August.

63. CAREX CRISTATELLA Britton. (C. tribuloides, var. cristata.) Cote St. Paul. August, 1896.

64. CAREX ADUSTA Boott.- Montreal Annex. July, 1897.

65. CAREX STRAMINEA Willd.-Hochelaga, Lachine. June, 1896.

66. CAREX TENERA Dewey. (C. straminea, var. aperta.) -Hochelaga bank. June, 1897.

67. CAREX FESTUCACEA Willd. (C. straminea, var. brevior)-Mount Royal. June, 1897.

(The following were omitted in their proper places in the list.)

68. CAREX HARTII Dewey.- Mount Royal, Montreal. July, 1897.

69. CAREX REDOWSKYANA C. A. Meyer.

JUNCACEÆ VENT.

I. JUNCUS L.

1. JUNCUS EFFUSUS L-Mount Royal and Point St. Charles. July, 1895.

2. JUNCUS BALTICUS Willd.

Point St. Charles.

August, 1897.

3. JUNCUS BUFONIUS L.-Not rare.

4. JUNCUS TENUIS Willd.Common.

5. JUNCUS DICHOTOMUS Ell.-Lachine.

August, 1897.

6. JUNCUS MARGINATUS Rostk.-Lachine. September, 1897.

7. JUNCUS STYGIUS L.-St. Michel, Savanne, 1897. 8. JUNCUS ARTICULATUS L-Rockfield. July, 1897. 9. JUNCUS RICHARDSONIANUS Schultes.-(Alpinus, var. insignis.)-Mount Royal. 1896.

10. JUNCUS NODOSUS L. (Var. genuinus.)-Mount Royal, 1894.

11. JUNCUS CANADENSIS J. Gay.-Pointe-aux-Trembles. 12. JUNCUS CANADENSIS BREVICAUDATUS

(Var. coarctatus.)-Hochelaga bank, 1897.

II. JUNCOIDES ADANS. (Luzula, D C.)

Engelm.

1. JUNCOIDES PILOSUM (L.) Kuntze. (Luzula vernalis.) -Mount Royal Cemetery. 1896.

2. JUNCOIDES CAMPESTRE (L.) Kuntze. (Luzula campestris.)-Mount Royal Cemetery, 1895..

DIMORPHISM AND POLYMORPHISM IN BUTTERFLIES.1

By HENRY H. LYMAN, M.A.

The subject which I have chosen for my address to-night is one of very great interest and is capable of excellent illustration among the butterflies of this continent, some of which furnish remarkable examples of diverse forms.

I shall confine my remarks strictly to the North American species, as these are the only ones which I have

1 Read before the Natural History Society, 25th Feb., 1895.

studied, and the facts which I shall set forth are the common property of lepidopterists.

Under the title dimorphism, I have included sexual diversity, although this is frequently treated of separately under the term antigeny.

You are all aware that many animals exhibit striking differences between the sexes, and this is true of many butterflies, some of which differ much more between the sexes than do those of the same sex of different species, and some differ so greatly that you would suppose them to belong to different genera, while others differ so little that it takes an entomologist of some experience to separate them. Not only is there great range of degrees of difference, but also the variety of ways in which they differ seems almost endless.

And not only do the different genera vary greatly in this way, but even within the limits of a single genus you may have species in which the sexes are practically identical, species in which they differ slightly, others, differing more strongly, and so on till we reach a species where the sexes are so unlike that they might easily be taken for different species or even different genera. Such a group is the genus Argynnis, a genus very typical of the Palearctic and Nearctic fauna.

The smaller species, such as Myrina, Montinus, &c., which Dr. Scudder separates under the generic name Brenthis, are practically identical in the sexes, though there is a slight difference in the point of origin of one of the nervules of the hind wing.

In the majority of the species the males may be said to have the ground color fulvous, while in the females it inclines to luteous, but in a few there is a very striking diversity between the sexes.

Argynnis Cybele, which is quite common in this locality, is a very good example of the majority, though the contrast is, perhaps, greater than in the average, while