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author of the Theory and Practice of Inoculation, and probably was not Dr. Gilchrift's, though the conclufion, from fuch premifes, is fo clearly deducible and obvious: especially as Dr. Frewen fays, p. 14.

And we have feveral times remarked where it (the matter) has been applied by inoculation, that if it had not been for its immediate action on a folid part, it would have proved infufficient even to thew the characteristic marks of the fmall-pox.' On this acknowlegment, how an inoculation be falutary with respect to the prevention of other difeafes? Or further, might not the antidote preventing the smallpox, operate alfo to the prevention of difeafes depending on the fame humours which nourish it; whether it preferved the fubject by an entire expulfion, or a total alteration, of them ?

As Dr. Frewen says, p. 20. he is perfuaded there never was any one proof of the contagion being wholly carried off that way, i. e. by Spontaneous hæmorrhages, without fome eruption of the puftules, we fall only oppofe, to his opinion in this respect, that of Dr. Fuller, who tells us, that a ftudent at Oxford, during an epidemical smallpox, had, together with a pain of the back, head, and a delirium, an eruption of many puftules, which the phyficians pronounced to be the fmall-pox: but all which fymptoms and puftules totally disappeared on a fpontaneous hæmorrhage of about two pounds from the nofe, the patient quickly recovering, and for thirty years after never shunning nor receiving the fmall-pox. Now as Dr. Frewen, p. 21. feems to make fuppuration as indifpenfably neceffary as eruption, and as there was not the leaft fuppuration in this cafe, we fubmit the different fentiments of thefe gentlemen to the judgment of our readers. Undoubtedly, the cafe mentioned by Dr. Fuller was a very rare one, yet merits our attention from his extraordinary probity.

Our author feems a little too hardy, in afferting, p. 21. 22. that all mankind (without excepting any one) are alike liable to the fmallpox-repeated experience having thewn us fubjects incapable of receiving it, even on repeated inoculations; and not a few being known to attain to confiderable ages, within the bills of mortality, who have never been affected by the contagion at all: though it is not clear that they might not be within the contact of it, but rather probable that they muft. Every table, containing the ftate and event of many perfons inoculated, has a column appropriated to the number on whom the operation had no effect; and fome have another, specifying the number fuppofed to have had an imperfect small-pox. In fact, Dr. Frewen acknowledges, p. 35. (befides what we have already cited, from p. 14.) that he had inoculated feveral perfons who had no puftulary eruptions, and who did not take an infection afterwards from their bed-fellows when naturally infected.' This, one would imagine, amounted to a conviction, that all mankind are not alike liable to the fmall-pox, and even that a few are not liable to it at all. For as to

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the artificial carbuncles (as he calls the incision, ib.) being capable of extricating the first principles of this diftemper from the human nature,' this really feems to be gratis dictum; fince it is much eafier to conceive and admit, that fuch conftitutions were void of thefe first or connate principles: and to prove that the carbuncle had extricated

them,

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them, it ought to have fuppurated, or have discharged fome humour, and fuch humour ought to have communicated the fmall-pox to another perfon. After fome other equally inconclufive arguments on this topic of a variolous antidote, our author concludes pretty triumphantly thus, p. 2. Most certain, therefore, it is, that no difcovery of this kind, fo feemingly repugnant to the laws of nature, can ever be ascribed to human invention.' Moft certain, however, it is, that a due regard to the medical character of Boerhaave might have foftened a little of this dogmatical affertion. As a phyfiologift, he feemed very confiftent in fuggefting, from analogy, and his contemplation of the laws of nature, the poffibility of a specific against this contagion; though, as a cautious and confcientious phyfician, he wholly abftain'd, for any thing we know to the contrary, from directly oppofing the general procefs of nature, in her conduct of this difeafe. But perhaps, fome glory was expected from the mere endeavour to refute an opinion, or problem, which he only modeftly and benevolently propofed

An attempt to explain the manner of the propagation and eruption of the fmall-pox from inoculation, &c. is added to the former part of this pamphlet, and feems equally ufelefs and unneceflary to the republic of medicine in thefe dominions. It contains very little new, only repeating, in the doctor's own language, part of what had been already published. All that is fingular in it feems to be our author's renouncing his former opinion of the benefit of more incifions than one, for the purpose of exciting a double difcharge. This he now condemns, faying, p. 33. that the more thefe carbuncles are, the more likely they will be to increase the paopa, or the contagious infection of the blood and fpirits; for which reafon he has given it up.' Now, befides that many hundred, if not many thousand, experiments, have evinced the entire probability of two incifions giving no higher fymptoms, nor greater eruption, than one, whence Dr. Frewen has manifeftly afferted the non caufa pro causa; is it not evident that the quantity of infected thread, ufually affigned to one incifion, may be inferted into two; and thus a greater difcharge be obtained, without the addition of a fingle atom of contagion? It is, indeed, fomething odd this expedient fhould not have prefented itself to our author, the moment he had farted an objection to two incifions. If he has experienced any later ill effect in any fubject where two incifions had been made, it was, in all phyfical probability, owing to the conflitution of his patient, (as we fuppofe his proper preparation and treatment of him, in all respects) and by no means to a fecond incision.

RELIGIOUS and CONTROVERSIAL.

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Art. 37. Academica: part the firft, containing feveral difcourfes on the certainty, diftinction, and connection of natural and revealed Religion. By James Tunftal, D. D. Vicar of Rockdale, in Lancashire. 8vo. 2s. Rivington.

The pieces we have here under the title of Academica, are thefe following-Concio ad Clerum habita in temple beatæ Mariæ in Acade

mia

mia Cantabrigienfi pro gradu, S. T. B. Anno 1738.-Differtatio Theolo gica in quæftionem ad difputandum propofitam, Cantabrigiæ in scholis publicis foleniter recitata et defenfa pro gradu, S.T.P. pridie comitia anniverfaria, anno 1744.-Two difcourfes upon these words, Prove all things & bold faft that which is good.-The character and duty of the steward of God's mysteries; a vifitation formon.-The fimilar properties and agreement of natural and revealed duties, from these words: Ye shall do my judgments, and keep mine ordinances to walk therein: I am the Lord your God.

As to the merit of the work, the Author appears to be well acquainted with his fubject, writes fenfibly upon it, but has advanced nothing that can render a particular account neceffary.-The fecond part, we are told, will contain a feries of lectures, 1. On the being, perfections, and providence of God; 2. On the law of univerfal benevolence, or the duty of man, religious, focial, and perfonal; 3. On a state of future exiftence, confidered as an enforcement of the law of univerfal benevolence.

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Art. 38. Confiderations on the Sufferings of Chrift, in which the hiftory of the Paffion, as given by the four Evangelifts, is connected, harmonized, and explained. By J. Rambach, late Profeffor of Divinity in the University of Gieffen. Tranflated from the laft edition of the German. In three volumes. 8vo. 15s. Linde.

This commentary on the fufferings of our Saviour, is much too voluminous to obtain our hearty recommendation. Thofe, indeed, to whose peculiar turn of mind fuch long, rhapfodical illustrations may prove agreeable, will not make the fame objection to Mr. Rambach's performance.

As a fpecimen of this piece of German divinity, and for the fake of fuch of our Readers as are fond of rural retirement, we shall transcribe the following reflection, and admonitory hint, viz.

• What wanton scenes of dalliance and ebriety are often exhibited in gardens, during the heat of fummer, under the fecret covert of guilty fhades! Never fhould a ferious Chriftian fet his foot in a garden, without calling to mind the fevere agonies which Chrift fuffered in the fatal garden of Gethsemane.'

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Art9. An Answer to Dr. Free's Remarks † on the Rev. Mr.
Jones's Letter, &c. By a Layman. 8vo. 6d. Cooper.
Those who have not yet heard, or read, enough concerning Dr.
Free's controverfy with the fanatics, may find more of it in this
phlet, than we think worth recapitulating.

pam

See Review for March, p. 282.

Art.

Art. 40. An Efay on the Number Seven. Wherein the duration of the church of Rome, and of the Mahometan Imposture; the time alfo of the converfion of the Jews; and the year of the world, for the beginning of the Millennium; and for the first refurrection of the Martyrs, are attempted to be fhewn. By a Member of the Church of Chrift. 4to. 2s. Rivington and Fletcher.

Less than seven times feven perusals, or, perhaps, even that number multiplied feven times more, would not, we apprehend, be fufficient to enable mere unenlightened readers, like ourselves, to understand what our profound Effayift would be at, in this piece of arithmetical the ology.

He feems to have been confcious of his merits, and to have expected our attack; but, indeed, he is fo much above, or below, the reach of criticism, that he may reft in fecurity, for ought that we shall attempt against him. Our Readers will be able to form a competent judge. ment, from the following extract, from p. 41-42.

Thrice happy they, who fhall follow the fpiritual JESUS through the inward leading and fmall voice to the daily Mount of Calvary in fpiritual martyrdom and crucifixion. Some few of fuch fpiritual NAZARITES OF MOURNERS; fome fuch fpiritual eunuchs for the kingdom of Heaven's fake are always to be found in every church and people of CHRIST upon earth. Thefe are the falt of the world, and fhow what the daily cross of CHRIST is in us, and what the life hid with the mediatorial nature in God means in its ftrength and purity. They ferve as guides to others who follow on, that they may attain more growth in the myic regeneration, that new temple and new inner Adam, building in CHRIST, through the overshadowing of the Holy Spirit in the Ifrael of GOD. They bear witnefs, though cloathed in fackcloth, against the numerous falfe prophet, who preach up chiefly the outward atonement, and merits, and crofs, and death, and refur rection, and afcenfion of CHRIST, to their blind multitudes, and deceive them; while the real and fpiritual Jesus, carrying back the fallen Adam through the process of the inward transfiguration and regeneration into the two fanctuaries, that of Paradife firit, and into the third Heavens or holiest place at laft, is quite forgot and defpifed. Among these noble Nazarites (who were equal to prophets under the Mofaic difpenfation, and were fpiritual interpreters of their figures) let us venture to reckon WILLIAM LAW the greatest prophet of the Chriftian church; the finest moral and spiritual interpreter of this age. His excellent writings I will venture to recommend to all, who defire to know where the true church, temple, and kingdom of God within us is to be found: where Emanuel, GOD in us, Jehovah the word or living light in his effence, manifefts himself by the great myfterious union recorded at the confecration of his apoftles, his fpiritual Levites, in the whole 17th chapter of St. John. This commendation may coft me dear, fince if this great light be flain at one blow, under the name of a myftic, a name which belongs to St. John and St. Paul, I muft expect to have my neck cut off, by the fentence of the two literary judicatures,

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dicatures, or rather far-chambers, when the next monthly feffions on criminal myftic Authors fhall arrive. I am not ashamed to profefs, with Frasmus, that one page of fuch fpiritual interpretation as Ori gen, from the Key of St. Paul and St John, opened unto the Christian church, is worth ten pages of Auftin.

Nor am I afraid, with the great Henry More, to speak well of the Teutonic Theofophert, though a hundred civilians like Heineccius, or a thousand scholars full of fuch pagan learning as Warburton, deride this man endued with an unction from on high, greater than any one, fince the days of the apoftles.'

O egregious Author! happy was it for mankind, when thou didst first refolve to brandish thy more than Teutonic pen!

The goddefs then, o'er thine anointed head,
With myftic words, the facred opium shed.

† Jacob Behmen,

DUNCIAD.

Art. 41. Edifying Thoughts on God's paternal Heart, and the Lord's Prayer; tending to promote intimate converfe with, and confidence in God, and Jefus Chrift our Saviour. Tranfla. ted from the German of C. H. v. Bogatzky, Author of the Gol den Treasury for the Children of God, &c. 12mo. 2s. 6d.

Jewed. Linde,

To those who have been trained in the German manner of expreffing their devotions, this book will be very acceptable: to Eng. lifh Readers in general, who have been used to the more natural and agreeable manner of our Tillotions and Sherlocks, it will appear lefs engaging, and therefore less eifying.

SERMONS fince May laft.

1. The Cafe of incurabie Lunatics, and the charity due to them, particularly recommenied. Before the Governors of the several hospitals of the city of London, at St. Bridget's, on Wednesday in Eafter week, 1759 By James Ibbetson, D. D. Archdeacon of St. Alban's. 8vo. 6 d. Whiston.

2. Preached at Kingston upon Hull, June 21, 1758. At the ordination of the ev Mr. John Beverley. By William Graham, M. A. Svo, 6d, Griffiths

Mr. Graham's is a flaming fermon, in the spirit of the Independent Whig. From these words, Think not that I am come to fend peace an earth: I came not to jend peace, but a fword,

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