Commercial Organic Analysis

COMMERCIAL ORGANIC ANALYSIS

A TREATISE ON THE

PROPERTIES, PROXIMATE ANALYTICAL EXAMINATION, AND MODES OF
ASSAYING THE VARIOUS ORGANIC CHEMICALS AND PRODUCTS
EMPLOYED IN THE ARTS, MANUFACTURES, MEDICINE, &c.;

WITH CONCISE METHODS FOR

THE DETECTION AND DETERMINATION OF THEIR IMPURITIES,
ADULTERATIONS, AND PRODUCTS OF DECOMPOSITION

ALFRED H. ALLEN, F.I.C., F. C. S.

PAST PRESIDENT OF THE SOCIETY OF PUBLIC ANALYSTS,

PUBLIC ANALYST FOR THE WEST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE, THE NORTHERN DIVISION OF DERBYSHIRE,
THE BOROUGH OF SHEFFIELD, &c.

Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged

VOLUME III-PART I

ACID DERIVATIVES OF PHENOLS, AROMATIC ACIDS, TANNINS,
DYES AND COLOURING MATTERS

2 LONDON

J. & A. CHURCHILL

11 NEW BURLINGTON STREET

1889

PREFACE TO VOLUME III.

As the manuscript of Volume III. advanced towards
completion, it became evident that the subject-matter
was too extensive to allow of its publication in a
volume of convenient size. I therefore decided to
issue it in two Parts, each of which should, to a great
extent, be independent of the other.

PART I., now published, contains a Chapter on

AROMATIC ACIDS, with an Appendix descriptive of the

TANNINS; and a Chapter on DYES AND COLOURING

MATTERS. I have found the latter subject exception-

ally difficult to treat adequately, and am far from

satisfied with the result. I look for some indulgence,

however; for this part of the work, covering some two

hundred and seventy pages, is almost entirely new,

having been represented in the First Edition merely

by sections on Picric Acid and Basic Aniline Deriva-

tives.

PART II., which will complete the work, will con-

tain Chapters on ORGANIC BASES, CYANOGEN COM-
POUNDS, ALBUMINOIDS, &c., and will, if space permit,
close with a General Index to all three Volumes.
From past experience, I am unwilling to make any
promise as to its appearance, but it will be published
at as early a date as circumstances will allow.

In the Volume now issued, I have deliberately given
the references to English translations or abstracts of
foreign papers, as the German and other foreign
periodicals, in which the descriptions of new dyes
and colouring matters usually appear originally, are
practically, if not absolutely, inaccessible to the
great majority of English readers.

It remains for me to thank those chemists who have
given me the benefit of their special experience in
certain directions, and by whose assistance some of the
articles have greatly profited.

101, LEADENHALL STREET,

LONDON, E.C., May 1889.

ALFRED H. ALLEN.

CONTENTS.

ACID DERIVATIVES OF PHENOLS AND AROMATIC ACIDS.

GENERAL CHARACTERS AND CONSTITUTION OF AROMATIC ACIDS, .

PHENOL-SULPHONIC ACIDS,

Sulphophenates, 7; Iodo-paraphenolsulphonic Acids, 8;

Phenyl-sulphuric Acid, 9.

BENZOIC ACID,

Benzoyl series, 11; Benzoates, 16; Benzoic Aldehyde,

18; Oil of Bitter Almonds, 19; Acetophenone, 23;