Probiotics: The scientific basisRay Fuller In recent years the gastrointestinal microflora has featured strongly in scientific, veterinary and medical research. As a result it has become obvious that the gut microflora is an essential component of the healthy animal. Not only is it involved in digestion of food, it is essential for the optimal resistance to disease. The first part of this book records the research that has been done on the factors affecting colonization of the gut and the effect that the flora has on the host animal. The second part discusses the way in which this basic knowledge affects the choice of organism being used as a probiotic. The evidence for the involvement of the gut microflora in the health and well-being of the animal is incontrovertible, but the development of probiotics has been largely empirical, failing to capitalize on the relevant research data. The bringing together of the basic information on gut microecology and the development of probiotic preparations is long overdue. It is hoped that this exercise will result in a more scientific approach to probiotic development and the emergence of new and improved preparations for animals and man. The authors involved are all experts in their field and I am greatly indebted to them for their contributions to the book. R. Fuller Abbreviations used for - generIc names Aspergillus A.B. Bacillus Bact. Bacteroides Bifidobacterium Bif. C. Clostridium Cam. Campylobacter Can. Candida Cor. Corynebacteri urn E. Escherichia Enterobacter Eb. Ent. Enterococcus Fusobacterium F. Fib. Fibrobacter K. Klebsiella 1. |
Contents
| 9 | |
Metabolic interactions in the gut | 29 |
Translocation and the indigenous gut flora 55 | 54 |
Gut flora and disease resistance | 87 |
Factors affecting the microecology of the gut | 111 |
Probiotics and the immune state | 146 |
Genetic manipulation of gut microorganisms | 181 |
Selection of strains for probiotic use 209 | 208 |
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activity adhesion administration albicans anaerobic animals antibiotic antigens Appl bacterial translocation Bacteriol Bacteroides Berg bifidobacteria bulgaricus caecal casei chickens Clostridium Clostridium difficile coli C25 colonization resistance conventional culture Dairy decreased Deitch diarrhoea diet dietary difficile digestive tract dose Ducluzeau effect Enterobacteriaceae enzymes Escherichia coli factors faeces faecium fermentation Freter fungal feed additives gastrointestinal tract gene genetic germ-free mice gnotobiotic animals gnotobiotic mice Gorbach growth gut flora host human increase indigenous microflora Infect ingestion inhibit inhibitory inoculated interactions intestinal flora intestinal tract lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus lactose large intestine liver macrophages mechanisms metabolism microbial Microbiol microflora microorganisms milk monoassociated mouse mucosal mucus Nutr nutrients nutritional oral organisms pathogens piglets pigs plasmid probiotic probiotic preparations probiotic strains production protein rats rumen ruminants salivarius subsp Salmonella small intestine species stimulated stomach Streptococcus studies Tannock thermophilus typhimurium viable vitro vivo yeast yoghurt