mentioned by Walpole as an able statuary, painter, and medallist.'

Surtees considers the connection of Liulph, a southern noble' (grandfather of William de Lumley, Baron of the Bishopric), 'as asserted in the pedigree, with the blood of Syward and Waltheof (Earls of Northumberland), is confirmed by evidence not very usual in claims of such high and splendid antiquity.'

Pennant relates that when James I., on his way to the south, visited Lord Lumley in his castle, 'William James, Bishop of Durham, expatiated to the king on the pedigree of their noble host, and wearied him with a long detail of the family ancestry to a period even beyond belief. "Oh, mon!" said the king, "gang na farther; let me digest the knowledge I ha' gained; for, by my saul, I did na ken Adam's name was Lumley."

See the able paper by Mr. Planché in the Journal of the British Archæological Association, March 1866, p. 31.

FOTHERINGHAY AND ITS MEMORIES.

EW of the historical villages of England possess such interest as Fotheringhay, celebrated as the peculiar seat of the House of York, the birthplace of Richard III., and memorable as the place where Mary Queen of Scots was condemned to close on the scaffold a life of captivity and sorrow. Fotheringhay lies in the eastern division of Northamptonshire, on the north bank of the river Nen; and though now reduced to a small village, it formerly held the rank of a markettown; had its royal castle and market cross, its college, nunnery, hermitage, and other votive buildings, in addition to its collegiate church of highly enriched archi

tecture.

The Castle of Fotheringhay, not one stone of which remains upon another, was originally built by Simon de St. Liz, or by the second Earl of Northampton, at the close of the eleventh or early in the twelfth century; the manor having been granted by the Conqueror to his niece Judith, from whom it descended by marriage to the above Earl. It was in the possession of the Crown in the reign of Edward I.,

who granted it to his nephew, John de Britain Earl of Richmond, who in the second year of Edward II. obtained a grant of the castle to himself and his heirs, and seven years later was certified to be Lord of Fotheringhay. He dying without issue, the castle and manor reverted to the Crown, and were granted to Mary de St. Paul, daughter of Guido de Chatillon, Comte de St. Paul in France, by Mary, daughter of the Earl of Richmond aforesaid. She was Baroness de Voissu and Montanzi, and married to Andemare de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, who fell in a tournament on the day of their nuptials; whence she is characterized by Gray as the

'Sad Chatillon on her bridal morn,

That wept her bleeding love.'

She passed the greatest part of her life in the exercises of religion, and employed her estate in founding Denny Abbey, near Ely; and Pembroke Hall, in the University of Cambridge. Her residence at Fotheringhay is thus described: The castle, with a certain tower, is built of stone, walled in, embattled, and encompassed with a great moat. Within are one large hall, two chambers, a kitchen and bakehouse, built all of stone, with a porter's lodge and chambers over it, and a drawbridge beneath. Within the castle walls is another place called the manor. The site of the whole contains ten acres.'

Upon the death of Mary of Valence, the castle and manor again reverted to the Crown, and were granted by Edward III. to his fifth son, Edmund of Langley, then a

minor. The castle had fallen into decay, and on his taking actual possession, was so much dilapidated as to induce him to rebuild the greater part of it, the ground plan being in the form of a fetterlock; and the fetterlock, enclosing a falcon, was afterwards the favourite device of the family of Edmund of Langley. He also, having projected the building of a college at Fotheringhay, began to fulfil his intention by erecting a large and magnificent choir' at the east end of the old parish church. After his death, the building was carried on by his son, and completed by his grandson Richard, whose body was in 1466 buried there, under a handsome shrine on the north side of the high altar. The agreement for the buildings was with William Howard, a freemason of Fotheringhay;' but they were not completed till the time of Edward IV., who erected the fair cloister,' and the shrine already mentioned, which Leland describes as 'a pratie chapelle,' and Camden as 'a magnificent monument.' The college

'Mr. Planché (Rouge Croix), setting aside the old origin of this badge, traces it, by aid of the Promptorium Parvulorum (a Latin and English dictionary of the fourteenth century), to langelyn, to bind together; and, according to Mr. Halliwell, langele is still used in the north to signify hopling or fettering a horse. Without asserting that a fetterlock was actually called a langel, there is quite enough similarity of sound between langclyn or langele, ‘to bind or fetter,' and Langley, the name by which he was known to suggest its adoption for his badge, the object being to typify the name or title of the bearer. The falcon may have been added as a token of descent by his grandson Richard, the said falcon being described by itself as 'falco imagine Ricardi Ducis Ebors.' See a paper On the Badges of the House of York,' Fourn. Brit. Archaol. Association, 1864.

being suppressed under Edward VI., and its site granted to Dudley Duke of Northumberland, the church was dismantled. Some of the richly carved stalls have been preserved in the neighbouring churches of Hemington and Tansor: they are decorated with the Yorkist badges and crests. The royal tombs fell to decay. At length Queen Elizabeth, visiting the spot, ordered the bodies to be removed to the parish church, where monuments, by no means worthy,' says Camden, of such princes, sons of kings, and progenitors of kings of England,' still exist to their memory. On opening the graves, the bodies were found enclosed in lead; and round the neck of Cicely Duchess of York was a silver ribbon, with a pardon from Rome, written in a fine Roman hand, as fair and fresh,' says Fuller, as if it had been written yesterday.'

When Dugdale visited the spot in 1641, the glass was in the windows of the cloister and college halls, and the shields of arms remained. The windows of the nave and side aisles were also painted, and contained figures of saints, cardinals, and prelates. Above these were angels playing on musical instruments. Here, too, were the Bohemian plume, and the falcon, enclosed by a fetterlock, already mentioned as the device of the House of York. Whilst that powerful family was contending for the crown, the falcon was represented as endeavouring to expand its wings and force open the lock. When the family had actually ascended the throne, the falcon was represented as free, and the lock