Sect. VIII. The Athenians prepare to set Sail, &c. &c. IX. Syracuse is alarmed. The Athenian fleet arrives in Sicily, -XII. Nicias, after some Engagements, besieges Syracuse, &c. Sect. XIII. The Syracusans resolve to capitulate, but the arrival of Gylippus changes the face of Affairs, &c. Nineteenth year of the Sect, XIV. The Athenians again hazard a Sea-fight, and are defeated. Nicias and Demosthenes Sentenced to Die, and Executed, Chap. II. Contains the last Eight years of the Peloponnesian War, Sect. I. Consequences of the Defeat of the Athenians in Sicily, &c. -II. Alcibiades returns to Athens. Tissaphernes concludes a new Treaty with the Lacedæmcnians, Sect. III. Alteration in the Government of Athens. Alcibiades re- called, and afterwards appointed Generalissimo, Sect. IV. The Lacedæmonians appoint Lysander Admiral. He beats the Athenian fleet near Ephesus. Lysander is succeeded in the com- Sect. V. Callicratidas is defeated by the Athenians. Sentence of death passed on some Athenian Generals. Socrates alone opposes this sen- Sect. VI. Lysander commands the Lacedæmonian fleet. His cele- FIRST FIFTEEN YEARS OF THE REIGN OF ARTAXERXES MNEMON, CHAP. I. Domestic troubles of the Court of Persia, Sect. I. Coronation of Artaxerxes Mnemon. Cyrus attempts to assas- Sect. II. The Thirty exercise horrid cruelties at Athens; they put Theramenes to Death. Thrasybulus Attacks the Tyrants, is master of Athens, and restores its Liberties, Sect. III. Lysander abuses his Power in an extraordinary manner. Chap. II. Young Cyrus, with the aid of the Grecian troops, endea- vours to dethrone his brother Artaxerxes. He is killed. Famous re- Sect. I. Cyrus raises troops against his brother Artaxerxes, -V. Agesilaus returns victorious to Sparta. Peace shameful to the -III. Socrates declared the Wisest of Mankind by the Oracle, -IV. Socrates devotes himself entirely to the Instruction of the Sect. V. Socrates applies himself to discredit the Sophists in the opinion Sect. VI. Socrates is accused of holding bad Opinions in regard to the Sect. VII. Socrates refuses to escape out of Prison. He drinks the Sect. VIII. Reflections upon Socrates, and the Sentence passed upon 343 Sect. IIi. Of the different kinds of Troops which composed the Armies CHAP. I. The History of Dionysius the Elder, Sect. I. Means made use of by Dionysius the Elder to possess himself -III. Dion sets out to deliver Syracuse. His Death, -V. Dionysius the Younger re-ascends the Throne, -VI. Timoleon restores Liberty to Syracuse, and institutes wise THE HISTORY OF THE PERSIANS AND GRECIANS. CHAP. I. The History of Epaminondas and Pelopidas, two illustrious THE HISTORY OF THE PERSIANS AND GRECIANS. PLAN. This Book contains the History of the Persians and Grecians, in the reigns of Darius I. and Xerxes I. during the space of forty-eight years, from the year of the world 3483, to the year 3531. CHAPTER I. THE HISTORY OF DARIUS, CONNECTED WITH THAT OF THE GREEKS. BEFORE Darius came to the throne he was called Ochus. At his accession he took the name of Darius, which, according to Herodotus, in the Persian language, signifies an avenger, or a man that defeats the schemes of another; probably because he had punished and put an end to the insolence of the Magian impostor. He reigned thirty years.* SECTION 1. DARIUS'S MARRIAGES. THE IMPOSITION OF TRIBUTES. THE INSOLENCE AND PUNISHMENT OF INTAPHERNES. THE DEATH OF ORETES. THE STORY OF DEMOCEDES, A PHYSICIAN. THE JEWS PERMITTED TO CARRY ON THE BUILDING OF THEIR TEMPLE. THE GENEROSITY OF SYLOSON REWARDED. BEFORE Darius was elected king, he had married the daughter of Gobryas, whose name is not known. Artabarzanes, his eldest son by her, afterwards disputed the empire with Xerxes. When Darius was seated on the throne, the better to secure himself therein, he married two of Cyrus's daughters, Atossa and Aristona. The former had been wife to Cambyses, her own brother, and afterwards to Smerdis the Magian, during the time he possessed the throne. Aristona was still a virgin, when Darius married her, and, of all his wives, was the person he most loved. He likewise married Parmys, daughter of the true Smerdis, the brother of Cambyses; as also Phedyma, daughter of Otanes, by whose management the imposture of the Magian was discovered. By these wives he had a great number of children of both sexes.t We have already seen, that the seven conspirators, who put the Magian to death, had agreed among themselves, that he whose horse, on a day appointed, first neighed at the rising of the sun, should be declared king; and that Darius's horse, by an artifice of his groom, procured his master that honour. The king, desiring to transmit to future ages his gratitude for this signal and extraordinary service, caused an equestrian statue to be set up with this inscription; "Darius, the son of Hystaspes, acquired the kingdom of Persia by means of his horse, (whose name was inserted,) and of his groom, Ebares." There is in • Herod. 1. vi. c. 98. Val. Max. 1. ix. c. 2. † A. M. 3483. Ant. J. C. 521. Herod. 1. iii. c. 88. A2 + Ibid. |