Ocean and Her Rulers: A Narrative of the Nations which Have from the ... - Alfred Elwes - Google Books

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Carthage, a Phoenician Colony-Early Voyages-Wars between

Carthage and Sicily-Hostility between Carthage and Rome

-Sicily-First Vessels built by the Romans-First Naval

Engagement between Rome and Carthage-End of the First

Carthage-Annibal-Second Punic War-Cannæ-Archimedes

-Scipio-Third Punic War-Destruction and Overthrow of

the Carthaginian Power

Rome, her Position as a Maritime Power-Origin of Venice

-Venetia Prima-Venetia Secunda-Dalmatian Pirates-

Irruption of the Lombards into Italy-The Government of

the Republic-Doge-Councils

Venice-Rise of the Papal Power-Origin of the espousing of

the Sea by the Doge of Venice-The "Bucentaur"-Henry

Dandolo-His brilliant Attack on Constantinople-Trophies

taken by the Venetians.

Venice-Marco Polo-Venetians driven out of Constantinople

-Defeated by the Genoese at Curzola-Their Trade with

the Hanse Towns-Lucchese Silk-weavers take refuge in

Venice-War between Venice and Genoa-Genoese defeated

by the Venetians at Chiozza-Venice in 1420-Fall of Con-

stantinople-India reached by the Portuguese by rounding

the Cape of Good Hope-Effect of the News in Venice

Venice-League of Cambray-Ottomans and Venetians-

The Turks wrest Cyprus from Venice-Vessels most in use

in the Mediterranean-Battle of Lepanto-Venice in the

Seventeenth Century

Contents.

Pisa-Amalfi-Situation of Pisa-Early Importance-Brilliant

Exploit against the Balearic Isles-Jealousies between Pisa

ix

Pisa-The Second Crusade-War between Pisa and Genoa-

Battle between the Pisans and Genoese at the Meloria-

Splendour of the City of Pisa-Second Battle of the Meloria

-Count Ugolino-Decline of Pisan Influence-Siege and

Capture of Pisa by Florence

Genoa-Early History-Effect of the Crusades on the rising

Republic-Petty Wars with Pisa-War with the Venetians

-Constantinople taken by the Turks-Serious Loss to Genoa

from this circumstance-Rapid Decline in Power-Final

Union with Sardinia under the Crown of the latter

Portugal-Early Attention to the Sea-Ships of the Period-

Voyages of Discovery-Maritime Spirit fostered by Dom

Henry-Discovery of Porto Santo, and Madeira-Further

Exploration of the African Coast-Discovery of the Cape de

Verd Islands and Azores

Portugal-Fernam Gomez-Progress along the African Coast

-Bartolomeo Diaz-" Cabo Tormentoso "-Cape of Good

Hope Expedition of Pedro de Covilham and Affonzo de

Payva-News of the Discovery of Columbus-Vasco de

Gama-Africa circumnavigated-Arrival in India

The Indian Trade

Portugal-Pedro Alvares de Cabral-Discovery of South

America on the Coast of Brazil-Establishment of Portuguese

Power in India-Affonzo de Albuquerque-Summary of

Portuguese Power and Influence in the East

Portugal-Slave-Trade-John the Third-Francisco Xavier-

Portugal a Spanish Province-Cause of her Decline in the

East-Portugal emancipates herself from the Rule of Spain

-Duke of Braganza-Part Recovery of former Possessions. 188

Spain-Ancient History-Irruptions of the Moors-Revival of

Trade and Marine-Canary, or Fortunate Islands, re-dis-

covered-Union of Ferdinand of Aragon with Isabella of

Castile-Establishment of the Inquisition-Feelings of the

Spanish People at this Period adverse to Commerce

Spain-Christopher Columbus-His Views of Opening a Com-

munication by the West-His Departure on his First

Voyage-Land discovered-The Landing and Solemn Occu-

pation of the Island, that of Salvador-Columbus's Return

Spain-Columbus's Departure on his Second Voyage-Fresh

Discoveries-His Third Voyage-Discovery of Trinidad

and of the Continent of South America-Imprisonment of

Columbus-Sent to Spain in Chains-Maritime Spirit

aroused-Private Adventurers-Amerigo Vespucci-His

written Account of the New World-Columbus's Fourth

Voyage-Final Return to Spain-His Death

Spain-Puerto Rico-Cuba taken by Diego Velasquez-Vasco

Nuñez de Balboa-His important Expedition, grand Dis-

covery, and Sight of the Pacific Ocean-Juan Diaz de Solis

-Discovery of the Rio de Janeiro and Rio de la Plata-

Bartolomé de Las Casas-Francisco Hernandez Cordova-

Grijalva-Hernando Cortés-Foundation of Vera Cruz-

Conquest of Mexico

Spain-Ferdinand Magellan-His Voyage-Discovery of the

Straits bearing his Name-Pacific Ocean-The Philippines

-Death of Magellan-Completion of the First Voyage round

the World-Pizarro, Almagro, and Luque-Voyage of

Pizarro-Conquest of Peru
. 251

Spain-Expedition of Charles the Fifth against Barbarossa

and the Algerine Pirates-Retirement of Charles the Fifth

from the World-Philip the Second-Quarrel with England

-The "Invincible Armada "-Causes of the Decline of

Spanish Prosperity
. 267

The Low Countries or Netherlands, Holland-Bruges-Ant-

werp-Importance of the Dutch Fisheries in forming the

National Character-Pacification of Ghent-League of

Utrecht-Seven United Provinces-Voyages of Discovery

for a new Route to Cathay and China-" The Company for

Remote Countries"-Oliver Van Noordt-First Dutch

Voyage round the World-Exploits of the Hollanders to the

End of the Sixteenth Century

CHAPTER XXVIII.

The United Provinces-Holland-Foundation of the Dutch

East India Company-Joris Van Spilbergen-Willem

Schouten of Horn and Le Maire-Discovery of Staten

Island-Le Maire's Straits-Rounding
66 Cape Horn"—

Suspension of Hostilities between Spain and the Nether-

lands-Conquest of Java-Foundation of the City of Batavia

-Peter Hen-Formation of the Dutch West India Company

-Attack on Brazil-Taking of Salvador-Voyages of

Discovery to the South-New Holland-General Carpenter

-Abel Tasman-Van Diemen-Peter Nuits-Trade with

Japan-Causes of the rapid Rise and Supremacy of Holland 294

The United Provinces, Holland-Dutch Power at its Height

in the Seventeenth Century-War between Holland and

England-Admiral Tromp-Blake-Naval Engagements-

Loss of Brazil, and the Isles of St. Thomas and Angola-

Fresh Wars with England-Admiral de Ruÿter-William,

Prince of Orange, becomes King of England-Continued

Wars with France-Concluding Remarks

England-Advantages of Geographical Position for the

Formation of a Maritime People-Druids-Inroads of the

Scandinavians-Alfred the Great-Conquest of England by

the Normans-Edward III.—Ships at this Period-English

Naval Power in the Fourteenth Century-Effect of the

Portuguese and Spanish Voyages on Englishmen-Sebas-

tiano Cabot-Discovery of Newfoundland-St. John's-

Coast of North America

England-King Henry the Eighth-Establishment of the

Royal Navy-Sebastian Cabot-His Voyage to the Brazils

and West Indies-Newfoundland Fisheries-Company of

Merchant Adventurers, etc.-Sir Hugh Willoughby-

Richard Chancelour-Ivan Vasilowitz-Queen Mary-

Charter granted to the Muscovy or Russian Company-

Peculiarities distinguishing English Maritime Enterprise at

335

England-Accession of Queen Elizabeth-Increase of the

Royal Navy and Naval Stores-Expeditions to the Spanish

Main connived at by the Queen-Francis Drake-John

Hawkins-Slave-trade-Voyage of Hawkins and Drake to

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