Portia (2). D.P. M.V. A rich heiress. i, 2] in converse with her maid Nerissa, repines at the galling conditions of her father's will, by which she is obliged to accept the suitor who chooses the right casket of three; she comments on her suitors as N. names them, and betrays a keen interest in a certain Venetian, Bassanio, who once visited her father; four of her suitors seek to take their of France (see XAINTRAILLES). In 1431 at an action fought at Beauvais many Frenchmen were made prisoners, and 'amongst others of the cheefest prisoners, that valiant capteine, Pouton de Santrails was one; who without delaie was exchanged for the lord Talbot, before taken prisoner at the battell of Pataie' (Hol. iii, 606). As a fact, Talbot was not released until 1433, and Poton had been interned in London for about two years before the exchange was made. 'Tal. The Duke of Bedford had a prisoner Call'd the brave Ponton de Saintrailles For him I was exchanged and ransomed ' (1 Hen. VI, i, 4; 'Santrayle,' or '-ile,' Ff). Historically, the battle of Patay had not been fought when the events of the scene occurred. Potpan. A servant; Rom. J. i, 5 (2). Poysam. 'Young Charbon the puritan, and old Poysam the papist, howsome'er their hearts are severed in religion, their heads are both one' (All's Well, i, 3). According to Malone's conjecture, 'Poysam' is for 'poisson,' in allusion to the use of fish on fast-days, while 'Charbon' refers to the 'fiery zeal' of the Puritans. To eat fish was, in fact, reputed a badge of Popery; the saying, 'He's an honest man, and eats no fish,' implied that 'He's a protestant, and friend to the government.' Acc. another suggestion (Camb.), 'Ch.' may be for 'chair bonne' as opposed to Lenten fare. There is a Fr. proverb: 'Jeune chair et vieil poisson.' leave, and a fifth is reported at hand. ii, 1] iv, 3. For a very full analysis of the character, which sho herself assumed, see Lady Martin's Sh.'s Fem. Char. (1887), pp. 25 ff. Portugal, Bay of. 'My affection hath an unknown bottom, like the bay of P.' (A.Y.L. iv, 1). Perh. the deep part of the sea off the coast of P. between Lisbon and Oporto. The term is used by Ralegh; see Edwards, Life of R. ii, 56 (Wright). [Pothinus.] See PHOTINUS. Poton de Xaintrailles. One of the greatest soldiers of the 15th cent. He became Marshal Prague, Hermit of. 'The old hermit of Pr., that never saw pen and ink, very wittily said "that that is, is" (T. Nt. iv, 2). See GORBODUC. Douce, taking Feste's nonsense seriously, held that this was not the well-known Jerome of Pr., but a certain hermit of Camaldoli, also born in Prague. Prat, Mother. Falstaff, in disguise as 'my maid's aunt, the fat woman of Brentford,' is thus addressed by Mrs Page; M.W.W. iv, 2. See GILLIAN. The name occurs in the Brentford registers for 1624 (Halliwell). Prester John. Legendary Christian potentate of a vague region in the East, concerning whose wealth, vast armies, and conquests extravagant tales were current in the 12th14th cents. Later, he was definitely located in Abyssinia. Benedick, M. Ado, ii, 1, declares that he would rather 'bring you the length of Pr. J.'s foot' than converse with Beatrice. 'Benedick is not thinking so much of the danger of such an enterprise as of its remoteness, which would take him out of the reach of Beatrice' (Clar.). Priam, Priamus. King of Troy at the time of the Trojan War. Acc. Homer (Il. xxiv, 495 ff.), he was the father of fifty sons, nineteen of whom were the children of Hecuba (q.v.). Acc. later poets, the aged King was slain at the altar of Jupiter by Pyrrhus (Virg. Aen. ii, 512 ff.). . 'Was this [Helen] King P.'s joy?' (All's Well, i, 3); 'such a man. drew P.'s curtain in the dead of night, And would have told him half his Troy was burnt; But P. found the fire ere he his tongue' (2 Hen. IV, i, 1); 'sad As P. was for all his valiant sons' (3 Hen. VI, ii, 5); 'five-and-twenty sons, half of the number that King P. had' (T. And. i, 1); 'King P.'s Troy' (ib. v, 3); slain by Pyrrhus, Haml. ii, 2. Latin: Hic steterat Priami regia celsa senis' (Tam. Sh. iii, 1; cf. Ovid, Her. i, 34). D.P. Tr. Cr. ('Priamus,' ii, 2, and v, 3.) (Prol.) 'P.'s six-gated city.' (i, 1) 'P.'s royal table.' (i, 3) mtd. ii, 2] consults his sons as to whether Helen should be restored to the Greeks; rebukes Paris. (iii, 1) 'P.'s hall.' (iii, 3) mtd. (iv, 2) mtd. (iv, 4) as safe as P. is in Ilion.' (iv, 5) mtd. v, 3] tries to dissuade Hector from taking the field that day. (v, 8) mtd. (v, 11) Hector's death 'will P. turn to stone.' Priam's death, at the hand of Pyrrhus, is depicted in the 'skilful painting' viewed by Lucrece, who moralizes on the fall of Troy and Priam's folly in believing Sinon, Lucr. 1365 ff. Priapus. God of fertility. 'She's able to freeze the god P.' (Per. iv, 6). Priest (1). D.P. Haml. v, 1] tells Laertes that it is only by 'great command' that Ophelia is buried in sanctified ground; is reviled by L. Priest (2). D.P. Rich. III. See JOHN, SIR. Priest (3). D.P. T. Nt. iv, 3] p.m. v, 1] testifies to the betrothal of Olivia and Sebastian. Princess of France. D.P. L.L.L. Daughter of the King of France. (i, 1) visits Navarre 'in embassy' to negotiate the surrender of Aquitaine to her father. ii, 1] discusses the situation with Boyet, whom she sends to King Ferdinand; discovers that her ladies are in love with three of the courtiers; receives the King, and opens negotiation with him. iv, 1] visits the park to shoot deer, but deprecates the sport; listens to Armado's intercepted letter. v, 2] discusses with her ladies the letters and gifts they have received from their lovers; the King and his train appear, disguised as Russians, and the ladies being masked, the Princess is wooed by Biron in mistake for Rosaline; on the departure of the Muscovites' the Princess derides their 'poverty in wit'; on the reappearance of the King and courtiers in their proper attire she rebukes them for the contemplated breach of their vows, and refuses to visit the Court -Nor God, nor I, delights in perjured men'; she informs the King that she had penetrated their disguise, and that he had wooed the wrong lady; witnesses the pageant of 'The Nine Worthies'; receives news of her father's death; expresses her intention of immedi ately departing and of lamenting her father in solitude for a year; bids the King betake himself 'To some forlorn and naked hermitage' for a like period, at the end of which time, if his love bear the trial, she will marry him. Priscian. A famous Roman grammarian (fl. c. A.D. 500), whose chief treatise, Commentariorum Grammaticorum Libri xviii, was in use as a text-book throughout the middle ages. One who violated the rules of Latin grammar was said 'to break P.'s head''diminuis Prisciani caput.' 'P. a little scratched, 'twill serve' (L.L.L. v, 1). Procrus. A perversion of 'Procris.' SHAFALUS. See Proculeius, C. A Roman eques, friend of Augustus. ('Procleius' in Plutarch, not followed by North.) D.P. Ant. Cl. (iv, 15) Ant. bids Cl. trust 'none about Caesar' but Pr. v, 1] is sent to take Cleopatra alive. v, 2] confers with her through barred gates; gains access to the Monument by a ladder; disarms Cl.; seeks to reassure her. (The narrative of Plut. pp. 222-3, is closely followed throughout.) Promethean, adj. 'P. fire' (L.L.L. iv, 3); 'P. heat' (Oth. v, 2). Prometheus. Son of the Titan Iapetus; according to one legend he stole fire from heaven, and was chained to Mt Caucasus to be tortured by an eagle. (Latin translns. of the Prometheus Vinctus of Aeschylus were published in 1555 and 1567.) 'P. tied to Caucasus' (T. And. ii, 1). (See TITYUS.) Cf. Peele, Arr. of Paris, i, 2, 1. 42; Edw. I, iv, 21. [Promos and Cassandra.] See MEASURE FOR MEASURE. Propontick, Propontis. I.e. the Sea of Marmora, so called from being 'before the Pontus,' or Euxine. 'The Pontic Sea, Whose icy current. . . keeps due on To the Propontick and the Hellespont' (Oth. iii, 3). This passage, omitted in Q, is clearly based on Holland's Pliny (1601), ii, 97: And the sea Pontus evermore floweth and runneth out into Propontis, but the sea never retireth backe againe within Pontus.' much the rein'; bids Ar. and his 'meaner fellows' present to the 'young couple,' as a 'vanity' of his magical art, a stately masque ; Proserpina, Proserpine. Dau. of Jupiter suddenly recalls the plot contrived by Caliban and Ceres (Demeter); acc. one legend, she was carried off by Pluto, while gathering flowers near Enna, and made queen of the underworld. 'O, Pr., For the flowers now, that, frighted, thou let'st fall From Dis's waggon!' (Wint. T. iv, 3; for this incident cf. Ovid, Metam. v, 399: 'Collecti flores tunicis cecidere remissis'); 'Thou art as full of envy at his greatness, as Cerberus at Pr.'s beauty' (Tr. Cr. ii, 1). Prosper. See PROSPERO. Prospero. D.P. Temp. ('Prosper,' ii, 1, 2 (2); iii, 3.) "The right Duke of Millaine' (F1). i, 2] assures his daughter Miranda that no harm has befallen to any soul on board Alonso's vessel, which she has just seen driven ashore in the storm magically raised by Ariel; doffing his 'magic garment,' he relates the story of his life: how that, 'being transported and rapt in secret studies,' he handed over the government of Milan to his brother Antonio, who, treacherously calling in the aid of Alonso, King of Naples, expelled Pr., twelve years before the opening of the play, to be cast adrift in a rotten and unrigged boat, with his little daughter, and how they were cast on the desolate island where they now dwell. Pr. then summons Ariel, whom he entrusts with further commands, but chides for his impatient longing for liberty; incidentally relates the story of the sylph's deliverance; summons Caliban, and, in threatening and upbraiding him, throws light on the history and character of the 'deformed slave'; Ferdinand, son of Alonso, entersled by Ariel's music-and immediately becomes enamoured of Miranda; Pr., though secretly rejoicing at the success of his design, feigns, 'lest too light winning make the prize light,' to regard the Prince as an impostor and a spy; threatens him with chains, and, casting a spell upon him, leads him away to perform a laborious task. (ii, 1) mtd. iii, 1] unseen by them, observes with approval the growth of love between Ferd. and Mir. (iii, 2) his murder plotted. iii, 3] 'invisible,' he is present when a magical and illusory banquet is offered by spirits to Alonso and his train, and the 'three men of sin' are denounced by Ar. iv, 1] admits to Ferd. that his harsh treatment was but a trial of his love, and yields him his daughter's hand, not without a warning-'do not give dalliance too and his companions against his life, and instructs Ar. how to checkmate it; watches the discomfiture of the conspirators. v, 1] assumes his magic robes, and instructs Ar. to bring before him Alonso and his train, who are spell-bound close at hand; on Ar.'s departure, recalls (sol.) the achievements of his magic art, but resolves to bury his staff, and, 'deeper than did ever plummet sound,' to drown his book; sternly rebukes the King and his companions for their villany, and dons the apparel he had worn as D. of Milan; pronounces his forgiveness of his late enemies, restores Ferd. to his father, and presents Miranda as the Prince's affianced bride; prepares to sail in the King's ship to Naplesthence to return to Milan, where 'every third thought shall be my grave.' Prospero was the name of a character in Jonson's Every Man in his Humour, acted in 1595 or 1596 (in which Sh. played a part); also of a contemporary Italian riding-master in London. An illustration of Pr.'s 'saddle' is reproduced in Sh. Eng. ii, 419. For a comparison of Prospero with (Goethe's) Faust seo Dr R. Garnett, Irving Sh. (1890), p. 185. Proteus (1). (Gk. mythol.) The prophetic old man of the sea, who, in order to escape the necessity of prophesying, was wont to assume ever-varying shapes (Ovid, Ars Am. i, 761; Fasti, i, 369). Gloucester boasts : 'I can.. Change shapes with P., for advantages' (3 Hen. VI, iii, 2). . Proteus (2). ('Protheus,' F1.) D.P. T.G.V. One of 'the two Gentlemen.' i, 1] bids adieu to his friend Valentine, who is setting out for Milan; admits (sol.) that his love for Julia has 'metamorphosed him,' and makes him 'set the world at naught'; is given to understand that a letter from him has been delivered by Speed to J. (i, 2) is discussed by J. and Lucetta. i, 3] while reading a letter from J. is abruptly ordered by his father to betake himself to Milan. (ii, 1) mtd. ii, 2] bids J. farewell, and receives a ring from her. (ii, 3) sets out. ii, 4] (is eulogized by Val. to the Duke); reaches Milan; is presented to Silvia; is told by Val. that he is about to flee with Sil. at night; (sol.) admits that he has himself become violently enamoured of Silvia. ii, 6] (sol.) love has made him reckless, and he determines to reveal to the Duke his daughter's intended flight. (ii, 7) his faithlessness is lamented by Julia. iii, 1] with assumed unwillingness, betray's Val.'s secret to the Duke; later, informs the banished Val. that Silvia is imprisoned, but promises to convey Val.'s letter to her. iii, 2] undertakes to 'dispraise' Val. to Sil. and to promote Thurio's suit; advises Th. to serenade Sil. iv, 2] (sol.) admits that his treachery has brought him no reward; is joined by Th. and his musicians; is observed by Julia in her disguise; attempts to soften Silvia's heart, but in vain. iv, 4] takes 'Sebastian' (Julia) into his service; is dismayed to learn that Launce has lost the 'little jewel' of a dog he had destined for Silvia; bids Julia take a ring (her own) to Sil. v, 2] gives bantering replies to Th., who inquires how his suit prospers; learns that Sil. has fled, and resolves to follow her. v, 4] having rescued Sil. from a band of outlaws, in the forest, woos her roughly and is confronted by Val.; overcome by Val.'s reproaches, begs his forgiveness; discovers that 'Sebastian' is Julia, and all his former love for her returns. 'Tho name. exactly describes the character of him who bears it. This is a sort of art which Sh. does not as a rule make use of, at least in the case of his leading persons.' (J. W. Hales, N. S. S. Tr., 1874, Pt. I, p. 25.) Don Feliz in Montemayor's story. Provincial. "With two Pr. roses on my razed shoes' (Haml. iii, 2). Variously interpreted as roses of Provins, or of Provence, which according to Cotgrave are, respectively, 'the ordinarie double red Rose,' and 'the double Damaske Rose.' Provost. D.P. M. for M. i, 3] excuses himself for conducting Claudio publicly to prison. ii, 1] is ordered to bring Cl. his confessor before execution. ii, 2] pities Cl., and trusts that he may be reprieved; is desired to witness Angelo's interview with Isabella and Lucio. ii, 3] grants 'Friar Lodowick' an interview with Julia, in prison. iii, 1] grants Cl. an interview with Isabella; later, permits Friar Lodowick' to confer alone with her. iii, 2] in attendance. iv, 2] procures Pompey as an assistant to the executioner; later, presents to Cl. his deathwarrant; laments Angelo's severity; consents, on 'Friar Lodowick's' earnest persuasion, and on being shown the Duke's seal, to have Barnardine substituted for Cl. iv, 3] suggests presenting the head of Ragozine, who has just died, to Ang. as Cl.'s; later, carries out his suggestion. v, 1] as ordered, arrests 'Friar Lodowick'; later, accompanies Ang. and Mariana to their compulsory wedding; later, returns with them; declares that Cl. was beheaded; the Duke demands his keys; later brings Barnardine and Cl. before the Duke, and is promised promotion for his 'care and secrecy.' The word 'Provost,' which does not occur elsewhere in Sh., has many meanings, and here seems equivalent to 'keeper of the prison'; cf. 'Seldom, when the steeled gaoler is the friend of man' (iv, 2). Prudence, Sir. Nonce-name applied by Antonio to Gonzalo; Temp. ii, 1. Psalmist, The. 'Death, as the Ps. saith, is certain to all' (2 Hen. IV, iii, 2). Apparently an allusion to Psalm xc, 10: 'the days of our age are threescore years and ten,' etc. Ptolemy. Пroλeμaîos, name of 13 kmgs of Egypt, c. 323-43 B.C. The Ptolemies' Pyramises' (Ant. Cl. ii, 7); 'the circle [crown] of the Pt.s' (ib. iii, 10). Ptolemy (Philadelphus). Son of Mark Antony and Cleopatra; his life was spared by Augustus, but nothing more is recorded of him. 'To Pt. he assigned Syria, Cilicia and Phoenicia' (Ant. Cl. iii, 6). (Cf. Plut. p. 202.) Ptolemy XII. King of Egypt, eldest son of Ptol. XI (Auletes); became joint ruler of Egypt with his sister and wife, Cleopatra (51 B.C.); defeated by Jul. Caes. and drowned in the Nile (47 B.C.). 'Queen of Pt.' (Ant. Cl. i, 4); 'bed of Pt.' (ib. ib.). On the death of Pt., Cleo. was nominally married to another brother of the same name, who was put to death, as a mere child, 43 B.C. Publicola, L. Gellius. Leader of the right wing of Antony's fleet at Actium (Plut. p. 210). Mtd. Ant. Cl. iii, 7. Since he is not mentioned subsequently to the battlo, it is supposed he perished in it. Publicola, Valerius. Consul, as colleague of L. Junius Brutus, in the first year of the Republic. Subject of one of Plutarch's Lives. 'Valeria the noble sister of Publicola' (Cor. v, 3); cf. Plut. p. 34. Publius (1). D.P. Jul. C. 'A senator.' ii, 2 greets Caesar on the morning of his assassination. iii, 1] after the murder, is 'quite confounded by this meeting.' ་ The character cannot be historically identified, but the same name is given to Mark Antony's sister's son, as one of the proscribed, Jul. C. iv, 1. This does not agree with Plutarch's account (p. 170), which names Lucius Caesar, Antony's uncle, as the victim. Publius (2). Mtd. as an ancestor of Caius Marcius, 'of the same house Publius and Quintus were, That our best water brought by conduits hither' (Cor. ii, 3; cf. Plut. p. 1). Publius (3). D.P. T. And. 'Son to Marcus the tribune. iv, 3] humours the madness of his uncle Titus. v, 2] helps to bind Chiron and Demetrius. Publius Cimber. Mtd. as brother to Metellus C.; the conspirators importune Caesar for his 'enfranchisement' immediately before they strike, Jul. C. iii, 1. The name seems to be an invention of Sh. Pucelle, La. Joan of Arc thus named. 1 Hen. VI, i, 2, 4, 5; ii, 1; iii, 2 (4), 3 (2). 'Puzel' in Ff, except once, ib. iii, 2. Talbot puns upon the name, ib. i, 4. Puck. D.P. M.N.D. 'Or Robin-goodfellow, a Fairy' (Rowe). ii, 1] warns a fairy attending on Titania to beware lest his mistress should be seen by 'jealous' Oberon ; gaily admits that he is a 'shrewd and knavish sprite,' delighting in mischief, but ready to work for those that are civil to him; is sent by Ob. to fetch the flower 'love-in-idleness'; later, returns with it and is bidden to apply its juice to the eyes of a youth in 'Athenian garments.' ii, 3] administers the charm to the sleeping Lysander. iii, 1] interrupts the clowns' rehearsal of their interlude and provides Bottom with an ass's head; scatters the clowns, in terror, with strange sounds and appearances. iii, 2] reports his doings to Ob.; on the entrance of Dem. admits his blunder and is sent to fetch Helena; returns in joyful anticipation of forthcoming confusion; is ordered by Ob. to overcast the night with a fog, to lead the rivals astray by counterfeiting their voices, and eventually to apply a counter-charm to Lys.; carries out his orders faithfully. iv, 1] disenchants Bottom; warns Ob. that he hears 'the morning lark.' v, 1] is harbinger to the fairy train who enter the palace of Theseus at dead of night; speaks the Epilogue. 'Puck' is a generic term rather than a proper name, 'pouk,' 'pouke,' 'puke' in contemporary, or earlier, writers being used to denote what Rabelais calls 'un petit diabloteau.' It is to be observed that in the Epilogue P. speaks of himself as 'an honest P.' and 'the P.' Puck's identification of himself with Robin Goodfellow, or Hob-goblin, is an arbitrary link with current folk-lore for which Sh. is responsible. There is no satisfactory evidence that an alleged ballad entitled The Merrie Puck, or Robin Goodfellow, was anterior to M.N.D. 'He is, indeed, a, most Epicurean little gentleman, dealing in quaint devices, and faring in dainty delights' (W. Hazlitt). Pudding. As a personal name. 'Young Drop-heir that killed P.' (M. for M. iv, 3). Puff. Name of a person apparently well known for his obesity. "Thou [Falstaff] are now one of the greatest men of the realm. Pye Corner. At the N. end of Giltspur Street, acc. Stow, so called from an inn, The Pie; at this point the Great Fire stopped; mtd. 2 Hen. IV, ii, 2. Pygmalion. A king of Cyprus who fell in love with the ivory image of a maiden, which he himself had made. At his prayer Aphrodite breathed life into the image and P. wedded the newly created being (Ovid, Metam. x, 243 ff.). 'Is there none of P.'s images, newly made woman, to be had now?' (M. for M. iii, 2). Pygmies. 'In the edge and skirts of the mountains [of India] the Pigmaei Spythamei are reported to bee; called they are so, for that they are but a cubite of three shaftments (or spannes) high' (Holland's Pliny, vii, 2); in Mercator's Atlas (1602), there is inscribed on an island near the N. Pole : 'Pygmaei hic habitant 4 ad summum pedes longi, quemadmodum illi quos in Gronlandia Screlingers vocant' (Anders, Sh.'s Books, p. 237). 'Bene. I will do you any embassage to the Pigmies, rather than hold three words conference with this harpy' (M. Ado, ii, 1). Pyramus. The part of Pyr. in the Interlude (M.N.D. v, 1) is played by Nick Bottom (q.v.). Mtd., i, 2 (7); iii, 1 (13), 2 (2); iv, 1, 2 (2); v, 1 (11). (In Ff usually, but not invariably, 'Piramus.') See THISBE. 'So pale did shine the moon on P., When he by night lay bath'd in maiden blood' (T. And. ii, 4). Pyrenean. For 'Pyrenees,' following the Lat. 'Pyrenaei (sc. montes)'; cf. Holland's Pliny, iv, 17, 'the mountaine Pyrenaeus.' 'And talking of . . The Pyrenean and the river Po' (John, i, 1). 'Perennean' and 'Pyrrenean,' Ff. Pyrrhus. Son of Achilles, otherwise known as Neoptolemus. At the taking of Troy he slew and beheaded Priam beside the altar of |