Limitations to the Use of the Latin Period. eques, ab consule immissus Tuscos fundit fugatque; eâdemque horâ duo exercitus, duae potentissimae et maximae finitimae gentes superatae sunt. Livy 2, 53. b. Haud minor Romae fit morbo strages, quàm quanta ferro sociorum facta erat. Consul, qui unus supererat, moritur: mortui et alii clari viri, M. Valerius, T. Virginius Rutilus, augures; Ser. Sulpicius, curio maximus. Et per ignota capita latè evagata est vis morbi; inopsque senatus auxilii humani, ad deos populum ac vota vertit. Jussi cum conjugibus ac liberis supplicatum ire, pacemque exposcere deum. Ad id, quod sua quemque mala cogebant, auctoritate publicâ evocati, omnia delubra implent: stratae passim matres, crinibus templa verrentes, veniam irarum coelestium, finemque pesti exposcunt. Id. 3, 7. c. Hinc atrox rixa oritur. Valerium Horatiumque lictor decemviri invadit; franguntur a multitudine fasces. In concionem Appius ascendit; sequuntur Horatius Valeriusque. Eos concio audit: decemviro obstrepitur jam pro imperio Valerius discedere a privato lictores jubebat: quum, fractis animis, Appius, vitae metuens, in domum se propinquam foro, insciis adversariis, capite obvuluto, recepit. Sp. Oppius, ut auxilio collegae esset, in forum ex alterâ parte irrumpit: videt imperium vî victum. Agitatus deinde consiliis, ad quae ex omni parte assentiendo multis auctoribus trepidaverat, senatum postremo vocari jussit. Id. 3, 49. d. "Hôc te uno, quo possum," ait, "modo, filia, in libertatem vindico." Pectus deinde puellae transfigit; respectansque ad tribunal,-Te," inquit, "Appi, tuumque caput sanguine hoc consecro. Clamore ad tam atrox facinus orto excitus Appius, conprehendi Virginium jubet. Ille ferro, quacunque ibat, viam facere: donec, multitudine etiam prosequentium tuente, ad portam perrexit. Icilius Numitoriusque exsangue corpus sublatum ostentant populo: scelus Appii, puellae infelicem formam, necessitatem patris deplorant. Sequentes clamitant matronae. Id. 1, 48. Examples of the Coordinate and Detached Construction in summary descriptions and trivial details. a. L. Furius inde et C. Manlius consules. Manlio Veientes provincia evenit. Non tamen bellatum. Indutiae in annos quadraginta petentibus datae, frumento stipendioque imperato. Paci externae confestim continuatur discordia domi. Agrariae legis tribunitiis stimulis plebs furebat. Consules, nihil Menenii damnatione, nihil periculo deterriti Servilii, summâ vi resistunt. Abeuntes magistratu Cn. Genucius tribunus plebis arripuit. Livy 2, 54. b. Fabius, omissis omnibus, praedam ex castris raptim Antium convehit. Íbi modico praesidio relicto, citatum agmen Tusculum rapit. Nihil praeter arma, et quod cocti ad manum fuit cibi, ferre militi licuit. Commeatum ab Româ consul Cornelius subvehit. Aliquot menses Tusculi bellatum. Id. 3, 23. Limitations to the Use of the Latin Period. c. Tertium est genus eorum, qui uri appellantur. Hi sunt magnitudine paulo infrà elephantos, specie et colore et figurâ tauri. Magna vis eorum est, et magna velocitas; neque homini, neque ferae, quam conspexerint, parcunt. Hoc se labore durant adolescentes, atque hoc genere venationis exercent:-et qui plurimos ex his interfecerunt, relatis in publicum cornibus, quae sint testimonio, magnam ferunt laudem. Sed assuescere ad homines et mansuefieri, ne parvuli quidem excepti possunt. Amplitudo cornuum et figura et species multum a nostrorum boum cornibus differt. Cæsar Bell. Gall. 6, 28. Examples of the Coordinate and Detached Construction in Epistles. a. L. Julio Caesare, C. Marcio Figulo consulibus, filiolo me auctum scito, salvâ Terentià. Abs te tamdiu nihil litterarum? Ego de meis ad te rationibus scripsi antea diligenter. Hoc tempore Catilinam, competitorem nostrum, defendere cogitamus. Judices habemus, quos volumus, summâ accusatoris voluntate. Spero, si absolutus erit, conjunctiorem illum nobis fore in ratione petitionis: sin aliter acciderit, humaniter feremus. Tuo adventu nobis est opus maturo. Nam prorsus summa hominum est opinio, tuos familiares, nobiles homines, adversarios nostro honori fore. Ad eorum voluntatem mihi conciliandam maximo te mihi usui fore video. Quare Januario ineunte ut constituisti, cura ut Romae sis. Cic. Epist. ad Att. 1, 2. b. Terentia tibi et saepe et maximas agit gratias. Id est mihi gratissimum. Ego vivo miserrimus et maximo dolore conficior. Ad te quid scribam nescio. Si enim es Romae, jam me assequi non potes: sin es in viâ, quum eris me assecutus, coram agemus, quae erunt agenda. Tantum te oro, ut quoniam me ipsum semper amasti, eodem amore sis. Ego enim idem sum. Inimici mea mihi non me ipsum ademerunt. Cura ut valeas. Dat. IV. Id. Apr. Thurii. İd. ibid. 3, 5. It is not within the scope of this work to say more, but it is to be hoped that the numerous examples of the salient features of each kind of style carefully chosen from the best authors, will afford the student a trustworthy means of acquiring a fair knowledge of Latin Prose Composition, and also of improving his English by carefully observing the various points in which the two languages differ from or resemble each other. The translation of unseen Latin passages into English is also the best means of gaining self-reliance when under examination, which no amount of reading with the aid of Translations can ever secure. The author desires here to acknowledge his obligations to F. A. Heinichen's Theorie des Lateinischen Stils, the second book of which contains much valuable matter on Latin style, although it is too diffuse for any but advanced scholars. INDEX. The larger numerals refer to the pages, and the smaller to the notes, paragraphs, or examples. and ABLATIVE absolute, use of, 7, 2; 9, 1; 13, 1; 14, 1; 20, 4; 23, 1; 30, 3; 32, 3; 36, 4; 38, 5; 43, 1; 46, 1; 49, 2; 50, 5; 54, 1 and 3; 123, 2; 124, examples and notes; 129. Adjectives, position of, 119; used to aid precision, 145, d. Adjuncts, 115, a, b, c. Admiration and astonishment, examples of, 153, 154. Adverbs, position of, 120; used to se- Amplification, instance of, 142, 2, note; Cicero's remarks on, 144. Anaphora, 16, 1; 38, 4; with Relative, 100; with other words, 134, 137, 138; with de, 142, 2. Αντιμεταβολή, 150, 7. Αντιστροφή οι ἐπιφορά (conversio), 143, 2. Antithesis, 15, 6; 122, 4; 149; 150, 8. Apposition, words in, 119. Argument and refutation, examples of, 154, 155. Attributes emphasised, 119. Cicero, what to translate of, v, 151; greatness of, as a writer, 147. Complexio, 143, 3. Connexion of sentences by Relative and by particles, 97 to 114. Contentio, 144, 1. Contraposition, 145. Contrasted words in juxtaposition, 119. Coordination, frequent use of, in English, iv; how avoided in Latin, 7, 2; 17, 1, 2, 3; 20, 4; 24, 4; 123, 2; 124 to 127, examples and notes. Coordinate and Detached construction, when preferred, 8, *; 15, * 21,*; 31, 7; 45, 1; 48, 1; 50,' 51, 1; 151 to 157. Correlative construction, 16, 2; 82, N.B.; 139; 140; 141, 1, note. Creticus, 133 and 134. * DENUNCIATION and excitement, examples of, 151 to 153. Detached style. See Coordinate construction. Dichoreus or ditrochaeus, 133. Dictionaries, danger of constant use of, vi. Dispondeu, 133, 5. Distinctio, 149, 4. Distributive association, 113. Dochmius, 134. ELEGIACS, for rendering into Latin, 59, 67, 75, 84, 92. English compared with Latin, iv and v; loss of its inflexions, 115; its arrangement of sentences contrasted with that of Latin, 123 to 130; passages for rendering into Latin, 7 to 56. End of simple sentence, 115; of compound sentence and period, 122. Enim alone, and with neque and nec, 101. Enimvero and equidem, 105. Epiphora or conversio or ἀντιστροφή, 138, c; 143, note 2. Epistles, examples of, 157. Ergo, 105 and 106. Etenim, 103. Ethic datives, 92, note 2. Exercises, too close attention to, vi. FORSITAN, fortasse, forte, 114. GENITIVE, position of, 119; Subjective and Objective genitives aiding precision, 146, 4. Gerunds, explained, 73, note 1. HARMONY in period. See Rhythm. IAMBUS, specially adapted to dispassionate, deliberate, and ordinary discourse, 134. Ideo and Idcirco, 106 and 107. Immo vero, 102. Imperative not used with ne in prose, 42, 1; in Petitio Obliqua, 50, 3. Incidents of a panic or wide-spread terror, examples of, 155, a; 156, b, c, d. Incisa, 136. Independent subjects avoided, 123, 2; and 124. Indignation, examples of, 153, d, f, h. Κόμματα (incisa) and κώλα (membra), 136. LATIN Composition, method of in- Latin synonym, 140, 141, 142, note 2. MAIN Predication, Conception, Pro- Metaphor, explained, 147, 148, and 149. Metonymny (μετωνυμία), 149. Molossus, as Cadence, 133, 2; in earnest and elevated discourse, 134. Moment of thought or emphasis, 122 ad finem. Monotony, freedom from, 136 to 140. Nec, neque, nec enim, neque enim, Nimirum, 110. Non modo, non solum, non modo non, non solum non, non modo nihil with sed etiam or with sed and ne . . . quidem, 104. OBJECT, remoter and nearer, 115; requiring emphasis or prominence, 118; at the head of the period, 126, 6 and 7; one mention of, 127, examples. Oblique case of one sentence becoming Subject of the next, 125, a and b. Ordinative particles, 114. Order of words in the simple sentence, 115 to 122; in the compound sentence or period, 122. PAEONES, 134. Palimbacchius, as Cadence, 134. Paraphrase of English to suit the Latin idiom, 7 to 56. Participial construction, attention to, vi, 124, notes; 129, 130, examples; and securing precision, 145, 1. Period, passages suitable for formation into, see passim, 7 to 56; order observed in, 122, N.B.; examples of Simple Period, 127; of Complex Period, 128; characteristics of, and lucidity of expression in, 129, 130; Transposition in, 131; Proportion and Balance in, 132; rhythm and harmony in, 133 to 136; freedom from monotony in, 137 to 140; fulness and variety of expression in, 141 to 144; precision cf expression in, 145 to 147; limitations to the use of, 151 to 157; various names of, 137, note. Porro, 112. Postpositive particles, 115, (a). Precision of expression, 145, 146, 147. Prepositions, use and position of, 120; securing precision, 146, e. Aut, Vel, Sive, Seu, Forsit The Ordinative particles us series are primum, deinde fo praeterea, porro, insuper, and postremo or postremum. The f Latinè nunquam locutus est; praeterea Pyrrhi temporibus postremo Pyrrhus hanc amphi telligere potuisset nihilo mag Cic. de Div. 2, 50. AUT, VEL, VE, SIVE and SEU and opposes, VEL and VE make imply a distinction of name r examples: a. Ubi enim potest illa aeta please) apricatione melius vel (o umbrís aquisve (or, if you ple M. 15, 57. b. Seu (whether) quis Gallu transire. Cæs. B. G. 5, 51. c. Sive (whether) quid mecu (either) scribo, aut (or) lego. FORSITAN (fors sit an) is a D peradventure, and can either st the following examples:a. Forsitan (peradventure) Rosé. Am. 2, 5. b. Major ars aliqua forsitan Orat. 2, 45, 189. FORTASSE is also a Dubit probably, possibly, and it gener following examples: a. Id nos fortasse (possibly saepissime sumus. Cic. Orat. 6 b. Res enim fortasse (prob Fin. 4, 3, 7. FORTE, perhaps, haply, pera to denote uncertainty with 81, a a. Hercules pergit ad spelu vestigia ferrent. Livy 1, 7, 4. b. (With NISI, as follows) :(unless peradventure) insanit. c. (With NE, as follows):flagitent. Id. Epist. ad Div. 9, FORTE is also used like our " |