OXFORD, 1865.

* Within the city meanwhile was a great tumult; the women ran to the temples of the gods to pray for mercy, the 1 poorer people cried out in the streets 2 that they would have peace, and that the senate should send deputies to Caius and to Attius. So deputies were sent, five men3 of the chief of the citizens; but Caius answered them, "We will give you no peace till ye restore to the Volscians all5 the land and all the cities which ye or your fathers have ever taken from them; and till ye make them your citizens, and give them all the rights which ye have yourselves, as ye have done to the Latins."

Notes.

*The Co-ordinate and Detached Construction is preferable to Periodic style in narrating the incidents of a panic. Veniam orare or impetrare is "to beg for mercy." The Active Supine is generally used after a verb of motion.

1 Tenuis is sometimes opposed to locuples. "In the streets" should be rendered by per vias, not by in viis.

2" That they would have" means that they were determined to have; 'should send" may be expressed by the Gerundive; and " deputies" by legati.

3 The preposition e or ex should be used for "of." Render "but them" by quibus.

As the Time is undefined the Subjunctive should be used with dum, donec, or quoad.

"All the land" and "all the cities" may be neatly rendered by quicquid agri, quicquid urbium; and to "make them citizens" by suscipere in civitatem; "rights" are jura.

CAMBRIDGE, 1865.

1 The king watched these events with painful anxiety. He was weary of his crown. He had tried to do justice to both the contending parties; but justice would satisfy neither. He 2 felt that he could not, while thus situated, render any service to that great 3 cause to which his whole soul was devoted. Already the glory he had won by conducting to a successful issue the most important enterprise of that age was becoming dim. Even his friends had begun to doubt whether he really possessed all that sagacity and energy which had a few months before extorted the unwilling admiration of his enemies. But he would endure his splendid slavery no longer. He would return to his native country.

Notes.

6

4

1 The first three sentences may be made more connected by the following arrangement :-The king, who, tormented by anxiety (angore cruciatus), had watched (animum attendere ad) these things, was weary of his royalty (regnum): for after trying (conatus enim) justly to decide (dijudico) the cause of those contending, he had ascertained that neither faction would be content with justice. 2 Either commence with Que quum ita essent, or, with Tali enim in tempore for "while thus situated."

3" Cause seems to require partes, or inceptum. To be devoted to anything with one's whole soul is summo studio servire, or deditus esse alicui rei.

4 Memoria is used in this sense, and obscurari is to grow dim. 5 Reapse or re verâ is "really ;" animi robur, “energy;" and exprimere with accus. or ut, to extort.

6 These sentences would be better connected in Latin by statuit or certum erat illi, he resolved, which would then be followed by two Verbs in the Infinitive. Illiberalis (unworthy of a gentleman) with splendor will render "splendid slavery.”

OXFORD, 1866.

1 In the darkness of night, four hundred Romans surprised the sentinels, sounded their trumpets, and gave admission to their companions, who on all sides scaled the walls and burst open the gates of the city. 2 Every crime which is punished by social justice was practised as the rights of war, 3 and Belisarius alone appeared in the streets of Naples to moderate the calamities he predicted. "The gold and silver," he repeatedly exclaimed, "are the just rewards of your valour. But spare the inhabitants, they are Christians, they are suppliants, they are your fellow-subjects. Restore the children to their parents, the wives to their husbands, and show them by your generosity of what friends they have obstinately deprived themselves." The city was saved by the virtue and authority of its conqueror.

Notes.

5

1 Arrange thus: Four hundred Romans, having set out late at night (multâ de nocte), after the sentinels had been surprised off their guard (abl. abs. with vigiliae, incautus and oppressus), when the trumpet had sounded (cano), gave admission (aditus) to their companions, who, having applied the ladders (scalae with admoveo) were on all sides breaking through the gates of the city.

2 Paraphrase thus: All the crimes (facinus) which human laws are wont to punish (animadvertere with in), as though (tanquam or quasi) they were certain (quidam) rights of war, were committed by the soldiers.

3 Paraphrase thus: nor indeed (sane) did anyone (quisquam with a negative) except Belisarius himself appear in public (prodire in publicum) that he might relieve (medeor) the evils predicted. Place the verb last. To repeatedly exclaim should be rendered by the Frequentative of dico.

4 This would be neater if thrown into the Petitio Obliqua, understanding hortatus est, thus: "spare the inhabitants" would be parcerent urbem incolentibus, with an ellipsis of ut; the next clause may be introduced by quippe enim, inasmuch as they are. 5 Continue the Petitio Obliqua. Benignitas or beneficentia will render "generosity" in this sense. Privare aliquem aliquâ re is to deprive anyone of anything.

CAMBRIDGE, 1866.

1 In truth we are under a deception similar to that which misleads the traveller in the Arabian desert. 2 Beneath the caravan all is dry and bare; but far in advance, and far in the rear, is the semblance of refreshing waters. The pilgrims hasten forward and find nothing but sand where, an hour before, they had seen a lake. They turn their eyes and see a lake where, an hour before, they were toiling through sand. A similar illusion seems to haunt nations through every stage of the long progress from poverty and barbarism to the highest degrees of opulence and civilization.-Macaulay.

Notes.

1 Paraphrase thus :-We indeed (quidem or nimirum) are deceived by the same error which cheats (fallo) him, who travels through the deserts (peragro solitudo) of the Arabs.

2 The sense of this may be rendered by Circa comitatum, i.e., in the region of the travelling company or 66 caravan; species is a semblance.

3 Say-When, however, the pilgrims (qui perigrinantur) hasten (propero) to arrive thither,—paullo ante will render “an hour before."

4 Use Conversis oculis to avoid co-ordination, contendere itself expresses an effort.

5 Paraphrase thus :-Nor indeed (sane') are nations themselves disquieted (sollicito) by any other illusion (error), whilst through all the degrees (gradus) of poverty and barbarism (feritas) they are led on (transduco) to the most ample wealth and refined civilization (excultus with humanitas). Place the Verb last.

OXFORD, 1867.

1In his sleep, so he told Silenus, he fancied that the supreme god of his fathers had called him into the presence of all the gods of Carthage, who were sitting on their thrones in council. 2There he received a solemn charge to invade Italy; and one of the heavenly council went with him and with his army, to guide him on his way. He went on, and his divine guide commanded him: "See that thou look not behind thee." But after a while, impatient of the restraint, he turned to look back; and then he beheld a huge and monstrous form, thick set all over with serpents; wherever it moved, 4 orchards and woods and houses fell crashing before it. He asked his guide in wonder what that monster form was. The god answered, "Thou seest the desolation of Italy; go on thy way straightforwards, and cast no look behind."

3

Notes.

5

1 Paraphrase thus: To him sleeping or while he slept (for thus we have learnt (accipio) from Silenus), the supreme (summus not supremus, which means latest or extreme) gods of his ancestors had seemed to call him to all the gods of Carthage sitting on their thrones (solium) in council. Place the verb and infinitive last.

2 Paraphrase thus: In which council, when they had solemnly (severe) ordered him to invade Italy, one of (ex) the celestials accompanied (comitor) that he might be a guide of the way to him and his army. To him advancing, his heavenly guide gave this instruction (haec praecipio), “Beware, lest thou look behind " (respicio).

3 Interdictum, a prohibition, might be used for "restraint." Not, he turned and then, but when he had turned (he); "a huge and monstrous form," may be rendered by immane monstrum ; and "thick set all over with serpents" by cujus corpus serpentibus erat implicatum.

A Hortus may be used, pomarium is very rare; Ruere is to fall in this sense, and fragor (frango) is the crash of falling timber and houses.

5 Connect the two sentences by rendering: To him wondering and asking, or when he had asked, etc. the god replied. There is no desolatio; use vastatio for "desolation."