The archers

CAMBRIDGE, 1877.

4

after the discharge of their arrows retired to the infantry, whose weak and extended line was unable to make any impression on their more numerous opponents. William ordered the cavalry to charge. The shock was dreadful; but the English in every point opposed a 2 solid and impenetrable mass. Neither buckler nor corslet could withstand the 3 stroke of the battle-axe, wielded by a powerful arm and with unerring aim: and the confidence of the Normans melted away 5 at the view of their own loss, and the bold countenance of their enemies. After 6 a short pause, the horse and foot of the left wing betook themselves to flight: their opponents eagerly pursued and a report was spread that William himself had fallen. The whole army began to waver, when the Duke, with his helmet in his hand, rode 9 along the line, exclaiming: "I am still alive, and, with the help of God, I shall still conquer."-Lingard.

8

Notes.

1 Use the abl. abs. or quum with subj. after the subject. Conjicere is to discharge; "whose" is equivalent to since their, therefore the subj. should be used. Impellere is to make an impression on; acies, with suitable adjective, and hostium might be used after it.

2 Use confertum agmen with the Latin for "which could not be broken."

3 Securis ictus validâ et certâ dextrâ vibratus.

Animus may be used with deficio for "confidence melted away."

Say, when they saw, or use abl. abs.

6 Paulisper morati.

7 Use fama with percrebesco.

8 Begin thus: Dux autem Gallicus, postquam vidit; "to waver is cedere loco.

9 Say, having ridden past (equo praetervectus) the line (acies) exclaimed, etc. Adhuc may be used for the first “still," and etiam for the second.

OXFORD, 1878.

All crimes against the State, are punished with the utmost severity. 2 But if the person accused makes his innocence clearly to appear upon his trial, the accuser is immediately put to an ignominious death; 3 and out of his goods or lands, the innocent person is abundantly recompensed for the loss of his time, for the danger he underwent, for the hardship of his imprisonment, and for all the charges he has been at in making his defence. Or, if that fund be deficient, it is largely supplied by the Crown. The king also confers on him some public mark 5 of his favour, and proclamation is made of his innocence throughout the whole city.

Notes.

1 Avoid crimen, an accusation, and use scelus.

2 Paraphrase thus: But if the defendant (reus) being legally examined (lege interrogatus). To make one's innocence clearly to appear is se purgare, and to punish with an ignominious death, inhonesta morte afficere.

3 Paraphrase thus: by whose goods or lands (praedium) the innocent person's lost (amissus) time, danger undergone (susceptus), hard imprisonment (vincula), all the expense (sumptus) of (his) defence is abundantly recompensed (satis compenso).

"

Quod si non est, unde sumptus isti tolerentur ; crown should either be rendered by Rex ipse or by fiscus, the privy purse, as opposed to aerarium, the public treasury.

Signum is a token or mark; and publicè deferre alicui or conferre in aliquem, to confer publicly on anyone. Render--his innocence is proclaimed, or he is proclaimed to be innocent.

CAMBRIDGE, 1878.

A young Spartan, named Isadas, distinguished himself particularly in this action. He was very handsome in the face, perfectly well shaped, of an advantageous stature, and in the flower of his youth. He 2 had neither armour nor clothes upon his body, which shone with oil, and he held a spear in one hand and a sword in the other. In this condition he quitted his home with the utmost eagerness, and breaking through the press of Spartans that fought, 4 he threw himself upon the enemy, gave mortal wounds at every blow, and laid all at his feet who opposed him, without receiving any hurt himself. Whether the enemy were dismayed at so astonishing a sight, or, as Plutarch says, the gods took pleasure in preserving him on account of his extraordinary valour, it is said the Ephori decreed him a crown after the battle, in honour of his exploits, but afterwards fined him a thousand drachms for having exposed himself to so great a danger without arms.-Rollin's Ancient History.

Notes.

1 The Co-ordinate and Detached style is suitable. Eminere is to distinguish oneself. Use the genitive or ablative of quality for this and the next three sentences; egregia figura is a perfect shape; statura apta, an advantageous shape; and aetate florere, to be in the flower of youth.

2 Sibi induere aliquid is to put anything on one's body; nitere must be used for shone."

66

3 Quibus armis instructus quum may introduce this sentence, which may be formed into a Period; "press" may be rendered by agmen confertum.

Use quum-que with irruere in or se injicere in; avoid mortalis and use mortiferus for “mortal;” prosternere is to lay at one's feet. Perterritus is "dismayed;" multam irrogare cui is to impose a fine on anyone.

6 Use quod with Subjunctive, because "for having" is virtually suboblique, being equivalent to, for they thought or said that he had.

OXFORD, 1879.

He1 ordered the flames to be quenched; but while his soldiers were employed in checking them, the Jews sallied from their inner stronghold, and a last struggle ensued. Titus swept the foe from the court with 2 a charge of cavalry, and as they shut the gates behind them, a Roman, climbing on his comrades' shoulders, flung a blazing brand through a latticed opening. The flames 3 shot up, the Jews shrank, shrieking and yelling from the parapets. Titus, roused from sleep, to which for a moment he had betaken himself, commanded or implored his men to 5 save their glorious conquest; but his voice was drowned in the tumult.

Notes.

1 Paraphrase thus: He ordered (his) soldiers to quench (exstinguere) the flames, whom while engaged in doing this (hâc in re versati), the Jews, having sallied from their inner stronghold (ex arce crumpere) attacked with a last effort (conatus). Place the verb last.

2 Equitibus immissis will render "with a charge of cavalry;" and facem ardentem in fenestram conjicere, to fling a blazing brand into a latticed opening. Clathri and cancelli have not sufficient authority.

3 Sublime ferri is to shoot up; and flutei are "parapets." 4 Cui parumper indulserat.

5 Use ne with amitto, and with praeda magnificè farta; to drown anyone's voice is alicui obstrepere.

E

*At this

2

CAMBRIDGE, 1879.

moment, Mamercinus rode with a small troop of horse into the castle, exclaiming, "Fabullus has fought and fallen at Corfinium; the town must be at once abandoned; let the soldiers make their escape to Rome." The news was so sudden that the officer hardly knew what he ought to do. He would at once have obeyed the order, had he not justly suspected the author, whom he regarded as a man of the worst character, and quite unworthy to be believed. 5 Nor was the occurrence of the day before forgotten. Mamercinus, angry at his delay, 5seized the standard, a golden eagle, and flung it on the ground, hoping that this act might persuade the soldiers to desert their commander. The tribune, on the other hand, implored and threatened, urging his men to remember their duty, and at least not to fly till they had certain intelligence. The rest looked on in amazement. What the end would have been it is difficult to say.

Notes.

This passage is suitable for the formation of short Periods varied by the Coordinate and Detached Construction.

1 Hic means on this occasion, or in this particular business; "a troop of horse " is turma. Render: riding (vectus in equo) exclaimed not, rode exclaiming.

2 Relinquere is to abandon a place.

3 In Petitio Obliqua, the Imperative is rendered by the Tenses of the Subjunctive thus: Abi Marce, quo vis, becomes Abeat Marcus quo velit, or Abiret Marcus quo vellet, according to the Time.

Indignus cui fides haberetur.

5 Paraphrase thus: Nor, indeed, did what had been done on the day before escape his notice (eum fugit). Use the Abl. Abs. for these clauses, and follow with quo speravit fore ut.

Say, with prayers and threats encouraged (hortor with ut) his men to remain loyal (in fide permanere).