the Indians. We meet," said William Penn, "on the broad pathway of good faith and good will. . . We are all one flesh and blood." And the Indians replied: “We will live in love with William Penn and his children as long as the moon and the sun shall endure." Such was the treaty of peace between the English Friend and the red man of the forest, and "not a drop of Quaker blood was ever shed by an Indian."

7. Penn had no love for crowded cities, shutting out the pure air and light of heaven, and he determined that his Philadelphia should be "a faire greene country towne." Gardens and orchards, green lawns and shrubberies, were to surround each house, and the streets were to bear the names of the trees of the forest. In the summer of 1683, there were but four cottages in Philadelphia; the deer and the rabbit were bounding where now are its most crowded thoroughfares, and a few rods from the Delaware stretched a dark forest.

8. William Penn did not spend many years in America, but his heart was always with his people, and he helped them greatly by pleading their cause in England.

9. In 1712, three successive strokes of paralysis laid in ruins the once noble intellect of the founder of Pennsylvania. He lived the last six years of his life shut out from the busy world, but free from suffering, and enjoying the simple pleasures of a beautiful country home with all the delight of a little child. On the 29th of July, 1718, death gently severed the slender tie which bound him to this life.

ན་འདÚེÚེད་ཀ

1. Of these, belonging to the Old Thirteen, (as the colonies founded before the Revolution are called,) were Maryland, Virginia, the Carolinas, and Georgia.

2. In March of the year 1634, two vessels-the Ark and the Dove-anchored in the waters of Chesapeake Bay. On board of them were the first settlers of Maryland-chiefly Roman Catholic gentlemen, with their families and households.

3. They entered the Potomac River, and landed at a little Indian village, which they named St. Mary's. They took possession of the country in the name of Christ and of England, and called it Maryland, in honor of the queen. These colonists were sent over by Lord Baltimore, to whom the king had granted the land.

4. Of the early settlement of Virginia you have already learned. As the years went on, many gentlemen of learning and fortune came over to this colony. Beautiful homes were planted on the banks of the Potomac, and westward towards the Blue Ridge. At the breaking out of the Revolution, Virginia was the leader of the Old Thirteen, in their conflict with the mother country.

5. The Carolinas were first visited by a little band of French Protestants, called Huguenots, who fled from persecution in the Old World. In 1562, they landed at Port Royal, and, raising a monument engraved with the lilies of France, they named the country Carolina, after their King Charles, or Carolus IX.

6. This feeble colony of only twenty-seven souls soon became discouraged, and returned to France. Between the years 1584 and 1590, many attempts

were made by the English to colonize Carolina. They all failed, and nearly a century passed away before a permanent settlement was made.

7. Then, in 1680, Charleston was founded, on a beautiful point of land between the Ashley and Cooper rivers. Within the next few Within the next few years, almost every country in Europe contributed settlers to the Carolinas.

8. Scotland and Ireland sent colonies; the Dutch, driven from New York, found a refuge in Carolina; the persecuted Huguenots of France came in still greater numbers. North Carolina received a great many people from Virginia, New England, and the West Indies.

9. In 1732, the same year which gave birth to George Washington, was planted the last of the thirteen colonies, which, under him, were to fight for their independence.

10. This was Georgia, founded by James Oglethorpe. In November he sailed, with his little band of English emigrants, for America. After touching at Charleston, they proceeded to the mouth of the river which divides the two States, and sailing up it a little distance founded, at Yamacraw Bluff, the city of Savannah. Oglethorpe pitched a tent under

four beautiful pine trees, and for one year he had no other home.

11. Besides these English, a great many Moravians, driven by persecution from Europe, were kindly received by Oglethorpe, and planted happy homes amid the pine forests of Georgia. Scotch Highlanders came also, and founded Darien, on the Altamaha.

Questions.

1. Name the Southern States belonging to the Old Thirteen.

2. What vessels came to America in 1634? Where did they anchor? Who were on board of them? Who were they chiefly?

3. What river did they enter? Where did they land? What did they name it? In whose name did they claim the country? What did they name it? By whom were these colonists sent out?

4. Who came to Virginia after its first settlement? Where did they plant homes? What position did Virginia take at the Revolution?

5. By whom were the Carolinas first visited? Why did they leave Europe? When and where did they land? What did they erect? What name did they give the country? After whom?

6. What became of this colony? When were attempts made to colonize the Carolinas? With what success? How long before a settlement was made?

7. What city was founded in 1680? On what spot? Whence did settlers come?

8. What countries of Great Britain sent colonies? Who came from New York? Who from France? By whom was North Carolina settled?