human Nature, as it received his due at the Second Hand. Neither had the Fame of Cicero, Seneca, Plinius Secundus, borne her Age so well, if it had not been joined with fome Vanity in themselves: like unto Varnish, that makes Ceilings not only fhine, but laft. But all this while, when I speak of Vain Glory, I mean not of that Property that Tacitus doth attribute to Mucianus, Omnium, quæ dixerat, feceratque, Arte quâdam Oftentator: 5 for that proceeds not of Vanity, but of natural Magnanimity and Discretion: and, in some Persons, is not only comely but gracious. For Excufations, Ceffions, Modefty itself, well governed, are but Arts of Oftentation: and amongst those Arts there is none better than that which Plinius Secundus fpeaketh of, which is to be liberal of Praise and Commendation to others,in that wherein a Man's Self hath any Perfection. For faith Pliny very wittily, In commending another you do yourself right; for he that you commend is either superior to you in that you commend, or inferior; if he be inferior, if he be to be commended, you much more if he be superior, if he be not to be commended, you much lefs.6 Glorious Men are the Scorn of wife Men; the Admiration of Fools; the Idols of Parafites; and the Slaves of their own Vaunts.

4 Both Mr. Markby and Dr. Devey fubftitute its for his here and elsewhere, but it should be recollected that the neuter poffeffive pronoun had not then found its way into use, and, as we retain bis in the Bible and in Shakespeare, there can be no reason for altering it here.

5 Tacit. Hift. xi. 80. Comp. Adv. of L. 11. xxiii. 2.

6 Plin. Epift. vi. 17. 7 Glorious here, as before, means boastful.

LV. Of Honour and Repu

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tation.

HE winning of Honour is but the revealing of a Man's Virtue and Worth without Difadvantage; for fome in their Actions, do Woo and affect Honour, and Reputation; which Sort of Men are commonly much talked of, but inwardly little admired and fome, contrariwife, darken their Virtue in the Shew of it; fo as they be undervalued in opinion. If a Man perform that which hath not been attempted before; or attempted and given over; or hath been achieved, but not with fo good Circumstance, he shall purchase more Honour than by Effecting a Matter of greater Difficulty or Virtue, wherein he is but a Follower. If a Man fo temper his Actions, as in fome one of them he doth content every Faction or Combination of People, the Musick will be the fuller. A Man is an ill Hufband of his Honour that entereth into any Action, the Failing wherein may disgrace him more than the Carrying of it through can Honour him. Honour, that is gained and broken upon another hath the quickest Reflection; like Diamonds cut with Facets; and therefore let a Man contend to excel any Competitors of his in Honour, in outshooting them, if he can, in their own Bow. Difcreet Followers and Servants help much to Reputation: Omnis Fama à

2

Domefticis emanat.1 Envy, which is the Canker of Honour, is best extinguished, by declaring a Man's Self, in his Ends, rather to feek Merit than Fame and by Attributing a Man's Succeffes rather to divine Providence and Felicity than to his own Virtue or Policy. The true marshalling of the Degrees of Sovereign Honour are thefe. In the First Place are Conditores Imperiorum, Founders of States, and Commonwealths; fuch as were Romulus, Cyrus, Cæfar, Ottoman,3 Ifmael. In the Second Place are Legis-latores, Lawgivers; which are also called Second Founders, or Perpetui Principes, because they govern by their Ordinances, after they are gone: fuch were Lycurgus, Solon, Juftinian, Edgar, Alphonfus of Caftile the Wife, that made the Siete Partidas. In the Third Place are Liberatores, or Salvatores; fuch as compound the long Miseries of civil Wars, or deliver their Countries from Servitude of Strangers or Tyrants; as Auguftus Cæfar, Vefpafianus, Aurelianus, Theodoricus, King Henry the Seventh of England, King Henry the Fourth of France. In the Fourth Place, are Propagatores or Propugnatores Imperii, fuch as in honourable Wars enlarge their Territories, or make noble Defence against Invaders. And in the Laft Place are Patres Patria, which reign justly, and make the Times good wherein they live. Both which laft Kinds need no examples, they are in fuch Number. Degrees of Honour in

1 Q. Cic. de Petit. Conful. v. 17. Cf. Adv. of L. 11. xxiii. 15. 2 Thus the edition of 1625, Mr. Markby, probably by inadvertence, prints diftinguished. It is extinguitur in the Latin verfion. i. e. Othman I, the founder of the Turkish empire.

Subjects are; first, Participes Curarum, those upon whom Princes do discharge the greatest Weight of their Affairs; their Right Hands, as we call them. The next are, Duces Belli, Great Leaders; fuch as are Princes' Lieutenants, and do them notable Services in the Wars. The third are, Gratiofi, Favourites; fuch as exceed not this Scantling; to be Solace to the Sovereign, and harmless to the People. And the fourth, Negotiis pares; fuch as have great Places under Princes, and execute their Places with Sufficiency. There is an Honour likewife which may be ranked amongst the greatest, which happeneth rarely: that is, of fuch as Sacrifice themselves to Death or Danger for the Good of their Country: as was M. Regulus, and the two Decii.

LVI. Of Judicature.

JUDGES ought to remember that their Office is Jus dicere, and not Jus dare; to interpret Law, and not to make Law, or give Law;1 elfe will it be like the Authority claimed by the Church of Rome; which under pretext of Expofition of Scripture doth not stick to add and alter, and to pronounce that which they do not find; and by Shew of Antiquity to introduce Novelty. Judges ought to be more learned than witty; more reverend than

1 See the 44th Aphorism of the tract, "De Fontibus Juris," in the VIII Book De Augm. Sc.

plaufible; and more advised than confident. Above all Things, Integrity is their Portion and proper Virtue. Curfed (faith the Law) is he that removeth the Landmark. The Miflayer of a mere Stone is to blame. But it is the Unjuft Judge that is the capital Remover of Landmarks, when he defineth amiss of Lands and Property. One foul Sentence doth more Hurt than many foul Examples; for thefe do but corrupt the Stream; the other corrupteth the Fountain. So faith Solomon, Fons turbatus, et Vena corrupta, eft Justus cadens in caufâ fuâ coram Adverfario.3 The Office of Judges may have Reference unto the Parties that fue; unto the Advocates that plead; unto the Clerks and Minifters of Justice underneath them; and to the Sovereign or State above them.

4

First, for the Caufes or Parties that fue. There be (faith the Scripture) that turn Judgement into Wormwood; and surely there be also that turn it into Vinegar; for Injuftice maketh it bitter, and Delays make it four. The principal Duty of a Judge is to fupprefs Force and Fraud; whereof Force is the more pernicious when it is open; and Fraud when it is close and disguised. Add thereto contentious Suits, which ought to be fpewed out, as the Surfeit of Courts. A Judge ought to prepare his Way to a juft Sentence, as God ufeth to prepare his Way, by raifing Valleys and taking down Hills fo when there appeareth on either fide a high Hand, violent Profecution, cunning Advantages taken, Combination, Power, great Counsel,

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2 Deut. xxvii. 17.

3 Prov. xxv. 26.

4 Amos v. 7.