widow, vi. 375.

Abbassides, elevation of the house of, to
theoffice of caliph of the Saracens, vi. 474.
Abdallah, the Saracen, his excursion to
plunder the fair of Abyla, vi. 381. His
African expedition, ibid.

Abdalmalek, caliph of the Saracens, re-
fuses tribute to the emperor of Constanti-
nople, and establishes a national mint, vi.
458,

Abdalrahman, the Saracen, establishes
his throne at Cordova in Spain, vi. 478.
Splendour of his court, 480. His estimate
of his happiness, 482.

Abdelaziz, the Saracen, his treaty with
Theodemir the Gothic prince of Spain, vi.
439. His death, 442.

Abderame, his expedition to France, and
victories there, vi. 468. His death, 472.
Abdol Motallab, the grandfather of the
prophet Mahomet, his history, vi. 273.
Abgarus, inquiry into the authenticity
of his correspondence with Jesus Christ,
vi. 175.

the last king of Edessa, sent in
chains to Rome, i. 244.

Ablavius, the confidential prefeet under
Constantine the Great, a conspiracy formed
against him on that emperor's death, ii.
367. Is put to death, 369.

Abu Ayub, his history, and the venera-
tion paid to his memory by the Mahome-
tans, vi. 457. viii. 250.

Abubeker, the friend of Mahomet, is one
of his first converts, vi. 294. Flies from
Mecca with him, 298. Succeeds Maho-
met as caliph of the Saracens, 330.
character, 350.

His

encomium on wisdom and learning, 484.

Abundantius, general of the east, and
patron of the eunuch Eutropius, is dis-
graced and exiled by him, iv. 176.

Abyla, the fair of, plundered by the
Saracens, vi. 382.

Abyssinia, the inhabitants of, described,
v. 252. Their alliance with the emperor
Justinian, 254. Ecclesiastical history of,
vi. 79.

Acacius, bishop of Amida, an uncom-
mon instance of episcopal benevolence,
iv. 209.

Achaia, its extent, i. 28.

Acre, the memorable siege of, by the
crusaders, vii. 313. Final loss of, 331.
Actions, institutes of Justinian respect-
ing, v. 372.

Actium, a review of Roman affairs after
the battle of, i. 70.

Adauctus, the only martyr of distinction
during the persecution under Diocletian,
ii. 264.

Adolphus, the brother of Alaric, brings
him a reinforcement of troops, iv. 115. Is
made count of the domestics to the new
emperor Attalus, 122. Succeeds his bro-
ther as king of the Goths, and concludes
a peace with Honorius, 140.

Adoption, the two kinds of, under the
Greek empire, vii. 247, note.

Adoration of the Roman emperor, cus-
tom of, and derivation of the term, vii. 23.

Adorno, the Genoese governor of Pho-
cæa, conveys Amurath II. from Asia to
Europe, viii, 112.

Adrian I. pope, his alliance with Charle-
magne against the Lombards, vi. 199. His
reception of Charlemagne at Rome, 202.
Asserts the fictitious donation of Constan-
tine the Great, 206.

Adultery, distinctions of, and how pu-
nished by Augustus, v. 385.
By the
Christian emperors, 387.
Elia Capitolina founded on Mount Sion,
by Hadrian, ii. 120.

Elius Patus, his Tripartite, the oldest
work of Roman jurisprudence, v. 331.

Emilianus, governor of Pannonia and
Mæsia, routs the barbarous invaders of the
empire, and is declared emperor by his
troops, i. 297.

Aerial tribute, in the eastern empire,
what, v. 77.

Ætius, surnamed the Atheist, his cha-
racter and adventures, iii. 25. 36. 53,
note.

the Roman general under Valen-
tinian III. his character, iv. 218. His
treacherous scheme to rain count Boni-
face, 219. Is forced to retire into Pan-
nonia, 230. His invitation of the Huns
into the empire, 239. Seizes the admi-
nistration of the western empire, 275. His
character as given by Renatus, a contem-
porary historian, 276. Employs the Huns
and Alani in the defence of Gaul, 277.
Concludes a peace with Theodoric, 280.
Raises the siege of Orleans, 289. Battle
of Chalons, 291. His prudence on the
invasion of Italy by Attila, 303. Is mur-
dered by Valentinian, 310.

Africa, its situation and revolutions, i.
30. Great revenue raised from, by the
Romans, 188. Progress of Christianity
there, ii. 183.

is distracted with religious dis-
cord in the time of Constantine the Great,
iii. 3. Character and revolt of the Circum-
cellions, 69. Oppressions of, under the
government of count Romanus, 288. Ge-
neral state of Africa, 294.

revolt of count Boniface there,
iv. 219. Arrival of Genseric, king of the
Vandals, 221. Persecution of the Dona-
tists, 223. Devastations of, by the Van-
dals, 226. Carthage surprised by Gen-
seric, 231. Persecution of the Catholics,
410.

expedition of Belisarius to, v.
123. Is recovered by the Romans, 137.
The government of, settled by Justinian,
138. Revolt of the troops there, under
Stoza, 258. Devastation of the war, 261.
invasion of, by the Saracens, vi.
416. Conquest of, by Akbab, 421. De-
cline and extinction of Christianity there,
4.49. Revolt and independence of the Sa-
racens there, 511.

Aglabiles, the Saracen dynasty of, vi.

511.

Aglae, a Roman lady, patronises St.
Boniface, ii. 265.

Agricola, review of his conduct in Bri-
tain, i. 5.

Agriculture, great improvement of, in
the western countries of the Roman em-
pire, i. 61. State of, in the eastern em-
pire, under Justinian, v. 65.

Ajax, the sepulchre of, how distin
guished, ii. 283.

Aiznadin, battle of, between the Sara-
cens and the Greeks, vi. 372.

Akbah, the Saracen, his exploits in
Africa, vi. 421.

Alani, occasion of these people invading
Asia, i. 380. Conquest of, by the Huns,
iii. 339. Join the Goths who had emi-
grated into Thrace, 359. See Goths and
Vandals.

Alaric, the Goth, learns the art of war
under Theodosius the Great, iii. 448. Be-
comes the leader of the Gothic revolt, and
ravages Greece, iv. 31. Escapes from
Stilicho, 36. Is appointed master-general
of the eastern Illyricum, 38. His invasion
of Italy, 40. Is defeated by Stilicho at
Pollentia, 46. Is driven out of Italy, 49.
Is, by treaty with Honorius, declared
master-general of the Roman armies
throughout the prefecture of Illyricum,
71. His pleas and motives for marching
to Rome, 85. Encamps under the walls
of that city, 86. Accepts a ransom, and
raises the siege, 114. His negotiation with
the emperor Honorius, 116. His second
siege of Rome, 120. Places Attalus on
the imperial throne, 122. Degrades him,
125. Seizes the city of Rome, 126. His
sack of Rome compared with that by the
emperor Charles V. 134. Retires from
Rome, and ravages Italy, 136. His death
and burial, 139.

Alaric II. king of the Goths, his over-
throw by Clovis king of the Franks, iv.

445.

Alberic, the son of Marozia, his revolt
and government of Rome, vi, 236.
Albigeois of France, persecution of, vii.

69.

Alboin, king of the Lombards, his his-
tory, v. 398. His alliance with the Avars
against the Gepidæ, 400. Reduces the
Gepidæ, 401. He undertakes the con-
quest of Italy, 402. Overruns what is
now called Lombardy, 405. Assumes
the regal title there, 406. Takes Pavia,
and makes it his capital city, ib. Is mur-
dered at the instigation of his queen Ro-
samond, 408.

Alchemy, the books of, in Egypt, de-
stroyed by Diocletian, ii. 19.

Alemanni, the origin and warlike spirit
of, i. 303. Are driven out of Italy by the
senate and people, 304. Invade the m-
pire under Aurelian, i. 347. Are totally
routed, 349. Gaul delivered from their

15.

Alemanni, invade and establish them-
selves in Gaul, ii. 423. Are defeated at
Strasburgh by Jalian, 434. Are reduced
by Julian in his expeditions beyond the
Rhine, 439. Invade Gaul under the em-
peror Valentinian, iii. 272. Are reduced
by Jovinus, 275. And chastised by Va-
lentinian, 274.

are subdued by Clovis king

of the Franks, iv. 435.
Aleppo, siege and capture of, by the
Saracens, vi. 391. Is recovered by the
Greeks, 519. Is taken and sacked by
Tamerlane, viii. 89..

Alexander III. pope, establishes the
Papal election in the college of cardinals,
viii. 290.

Alexander, archbishop ofAlexandria, ex-
communicates Arius for his heresy, iii. 17.
Alexander Severus, is declared Cæsar
by the emperor Elagabalus, i. 174. Is raised
to the throne, 175. Examination into his
pretended victory over Artaxerxes, 246.
Shewed a regard for the Christian religion,
ii. 242.

Alexandria, a general massacre there,
by order of the emperor Caracalla, i. 160.
The city described, 329. Is ruined by
ridiculous intestine commotions, 330. By
famine and pestilence, 331. Is besieged
and taken by Diocletian, ii. 17.
Christian theology reduced to a systema-
tical form in the school of, 180. Number
of martyrs who suffered there in the per-
secution by Decius, 226.

The

the theological system of
Plato taught in the school of, and received
by the Jews there, iii. 8. Questions con-
cerning the nature of the Trinity, agitated
in the philosophical and Christian schools
of, 12. 17. History of the archbishop St.
Athanasius, 38. Outrages attending his
expulsion, and the establishment of his
successor, George of Cappadocia, 55, 56.
The city distracted by pious factions, 62.
Disgraceful life and tragical death of
George of Cappadocia, 164, 165. Resto-
ration, of Athanasins, 168. Athanasius
banished by Julian, 169. Suffers greatly
by an earthquake, 315.

history of the temple of Se-
rapis there, iii. 467. This temple, and the
famous library, destroyed by bishop The-
ophilus, 469.

is taken by Amrou the Sa-
racen, vi. 407. The famous library de-
stroyed, 409.

Alexius Angelus, his usurpation of the
Greek empire, and character, vii. 345.
Flies before the crusaders, 364.

Alexias I. Comnenus, emperor of Con-
stantinople, vi. 148. New titles of dignity

Alexius I. Comnenus, emperor of Con-
stantinople, solicits the aid of the Chris-
tian princes against the Turks, vii. 215.
His suspicious policy on the arrival of the
crusaders, 244. Exacts homage from
them, 246. Profits by the success of the
crusaders, 284.

Alexius II. Comnenus, emperor of Con->
stantinople, vi. 150.

Alexius Strategopulas, the Greek gene-
ral, retakes Constantinople from the Latins,
vii. 418.

Alexius, the son of Isaac Angelus, his
escape from his uncle, who had deposed
his father, vii. 345. His treaty with the
crusaders for his restoration. 357. Re-
storation of his father, 368. His death,
374.

Alfred sends an embassy to the shrine
of St. Thomas in India, vi. 64.

Algebra, by whom invented, vi. 487.

Ali joins Mahomet in his prophetical
mission, vi. 295. His heroism, 310. His
character, 328. Is chosen caliph of the Sa-
racens, 331. Devotion paid at his tomb,
337. His posterity, 538.

Aligern defends Cumæ, for his brother
Teias, king of the Goths, v. 289. Is re-
duced, 291.

Allectus murders Carausius, and usurps
his stations, ii. 12.

Alp Arslan, sultan of the Turks, his
reign, vii. 187.

Alypius, governor of Britain, is com-
missioned by the emperor Julian to rebuild
the temple of Jerusalem, iii. 150.

Amala, king of the Goths, his high cre-
dit among them, i. 287.

Amalasontha, queen of Italy, her history
and character, v. 152. Her death, 155.
Amalphi, description of the city, and its
commerce, vii. 135.

Amazons, improbability of any society
of, i. 365, note.

Ambition, reflections on the violence,
and various operations of that passion, vi.
169.

Ambrose, St. composes a treatise on the
Trinity, for the use of the emperor Gratian,
iii. 392, note. His birth, and promotion to
the arehbishoprick of Milan, 417. Opposes
the Arian worship of the empress Justina,
418. Refuses obedience to the imperial
power, 422. Controls the emperor Theo-
dosius, 459. Imposes penance on Theo-
dosius for his cruel treatment of Thessalo-
nica, 440. Employs his influence over
Gratian and Theodosius, to inspire them
with maxims of persecution, 455. Op-
poses Symmachus, the advocate for the old
Pagan religion, 461. Comforts the citi

zens of Florence with a dream, when be-
sieged by Radagaisus, iv. 59.

Amida, siege of, by Sapor, king of Per-
sia, ii. 421. Receives the fugitive inha-
bitants of Nisibis, iii. 230. Is besieged
and taken by Cabades king of Persia, v.
101.

Amir, prince of Iona, his character, and
passage into Europe, viii. 59.

Ammianus the historian, his religious
character of the emperor Constantius,
iii. 35. His remark on the enmity of
Christians towards each other, 72. His
account of the fiery obstructions to restor-
ing the temple of Jerusalem, 152. His
account of the hostile contest of Damasus
and Ursinus for the bishoprick of Rome,
269. Testimony in favour of his histori-
cal merit, 378. His character of the no-
bles of Rome, iv. 95.

Ammonius, the mathematician, his
measurement of the circuit of Rome, iv.

108.

Ammonius, the monk of Alexandria, his
martyrdom, vi. 16.

Amorium, siege and destruction of, by
the caliph Motassem, vi. 504.

Amphilocus, bishop of Iconium, gains
the favour of the emperor Theodosius by
an orthodox bon mot, iii. 401.

Amphitheatre at Rome, a description of,
i. 406. viii. 375.

Amrou, his birth and character, vi. 399.
His invasion and conquest of Egypt, 400.
His administration there, 412. His de-
scription of the country, 413.

Amurath I. sultan of the Turks, his
reign, viii. 63.

Amurath II. sultan, his reign and cha-
racter, viii. 181.

Anachorets, in monkish history, descri-
bed, iv. 398.

Anacletus, pope, his Jewish extraction,
viii. 301.

Anastasius I. marries the empress Ari-
adne, v. 5. His war with Theodoric, the
Ostrogoth king of Italy, 17. His econo-
my celebrated, 74. His long wall from
the Propontis to the Euxine, 95. Is hum-
bled by the Catholic clergy, vi. 42.

Anastasius II. emperor of Constanti-
nople, vi. 102. His preparations of de-
fence against the Saracens, 460.

Anastasius, St. his brief history and
martyrdom, v. 475, note.

Anatho, the city of, on the banks of the
Euphrates, described, iii. 191.

Andalusia, derivation of the name of
that province, vi. 429, note.

Andronicus, president of Libya, excom-
municated by Synesius bishop of Ptole-
mais, ii. 488.

Andronicus Comnenas, his character,
and first adventures, vi. 156. Seizes, the

empire of Constantinople, 167. His un-
happy fate, 168.

Andronicus the elder, emperor of Con-
stantinople, his superstition, viii. 1. His
war with his grandson, and abdication, 7.

Andronicus the younger, emperor of
Constantinople, his licentious character,
viii. 5. His civil war against his grand-
ather, 6. His reign, 9. Is vanquished
and wounded by sultan Orchan, 57. His
private application to pope Benedict of
Rome, 122.

Angora, battle of, between Tamerlane
and Bajazet, viii. 93.

Anianus, bishop of Orleans, his pious
anxiety for the relief of that city, when be-
sieged by Attila the Hun, iv. 288.

Anician family at Rome, brief history
of, iv. 89.

Anne Comnena, character of her history
of her father, Alexius I. emperor of Con-
stantinople, vi. 148. Her conspiracy
against her brother Jolin, 151.

Anthemius, emperor of the west, his de-
scent and investiture by Leo the Great, iv.
349. His election confirmed at Rome, 350.
Is killed in the sack of Rome by Ricimer,
367.

Anthemius, prefect of the east, charao-
ter of his administration, in the minority
of the emperor Theodosius the younger,
iv. 200.

Anthemius the architect, instances of his
great knowledge in mechanics, v. 84.
Forms the design of the church of St. So-
phia at Constantinople, 86.

Anthony, St. father of the Egyptian
monks, his history, iv. 383.

Anthropormorphites, among the early
Christians, personifiers of the Deity, vi. 8.

Antioch, taken and destroyed by Sapor
king of Persia, i. 319. Flourishing state
of the Christian church there, in the reign
of Theodosius, ii. 179.

history of the body of St. Ba-
bylas, bishop of, iii. 162. The cathedral
of, shut up, and its wealth confiscated, by
the emperor Julian, 163. Licentious man-
ners of the citizens, 177. Popular dis-
contents during the residence of Julian
there, 178.

sedition there, against the em-
peror Theodosius, iii. 433. The city par-
doned, 436.

is taken, and ruined, by Chos-
roes king of Persia, v. 231. Great de-
struction there by an earthquake, 309. Is
again seized by Chosroes II. v. 473.

is reduced by the Saracens,
and ransomed, vi. 393. Is recovered by
the Greeks, vi. 519.

besieged and taken by the first

crusaders, vii. 258.

Antonina, the wife of Belisarius, her

420.

Antoninus Pius, his character, and that
of Hadrian, compared, i. 9. Is adopted
by Hadrian, 90.

Antoninus Marcus, his defensive wars,
i. 10.
Is adopted by Pius at the instance
of Hadrian, 90. His character, 98. His
war against the united Germans, 277.
Suspicious story of his edict in favour of
the Christians, ii. 238.

Aper, Arrius, prætorian prefect, and fa-
ther-in-law to the emperor Numerian, is
killed by Diocletian as the presumptive
murderer of that prince, i. 409.

Apharban, the Persian, his embassy
from Narses king of Persia, to the em-
peror Galerius, ii. 28.

Apocalypse, why now admitted into the
canon of the Scriptures, ii. 138, note.

Apocaucus, admiral of Constantinople,
his confederacy against John Cantacuzene,
viii. 13. His death, 17.

Apollinaris, bishop of Laodicea, his hy-
pothesis of the divine incarnation of Jesus
Christ, vi. 11.

Apollinaris, patriarch of Alexandria,
butchers his flock in defence of the Catho-
lic doctrine of the incarnation, vi. 75.

Apollonius of Tyana, his doubtful cha-
racter, i. 358, note.

Apotheosis of the Roman emperors,
how this custom was introduced, i. 81.
Apsimar dethrones Leontius emperor
of Constantinople, and usurps his place,
vi. 98.

Apulia is conquered by the Normans,
vii. 122. Is confirmed to them by Papal
grant, 128.

Aquileia, besieged by the emperor Max-
imin, i. 216. Is taken and destroyed by
Attila king of the Huns, iv. 300.

Aquitain is settled by the Goths, under
their king Wallia, iv. 160. Is conquered
by Clovis king of the Franks, iv. 449.

Limits of their conquests, vi. 454. Three
caliphs established, 478. Introduction of
learning among the Arabians, 483. Their
progress in the sciences, 485. Their lite-
rary deficiences, 489. Decline and fall of
the caliphs, 509, 510.

Arbetio, a veteran under Constantine the
Great, leaves his retirement to oppose the
usurper Procopius, iii. 252.

Arbogastes, the Frank, his military pro-
motion under Theodosius in Gaul, and con-
spiracy against Valentinian the younger,
iii. 444. Is defeated by Theodosius, and
kills himself, 450, 451.

Arcadius, son of the emperor Theodo-
sius, succeeds to the empire of the east,
iv. 1. His magnificence, 170. Extent of
his dominions, 171. Administration of his
favourite eunuch Eutropius, 172. His
cruel law against treason, 177. Signs the
condemnation of Eutropius, 183. His in-
terview with the revolters Tribigild and
Gainas, 185. His death, and supposed
testament, 198, 199.

Architecture, Roman, the general mag-
nificence of, indicated by the existing
ruins, i. 51.

Ardaburius, bis expedition to Italy, to
reduce the usurper John, iv. 215.
Argonauts, the object of their expedition
to Colchos, v. 238.

Ariadne, daughter of the emperor Leo,
and wife of Zeno, her character, and mar-
riage afterward with Anastasius, v. 5.

Arii, a tribe of the Lygians, their ter-
rific mode of waging war, i. 387.

Arinthæus is appointed general of the
horse by the emperor Julian on his Persian
expedition, iii. 189. Distinguishes him-
self against the usurper Procopius, 251.

Ariovistus seizes two-thirds of the lands
of the Sequani in Gaul, for himself and his
German followers, iv. 462.

Aristobulus, principal minister of the
house of Carus, is received into confidence
by the emperor Diocletian, ii. 3.

Aristotle, his logic better adapted to the
detection of error, than for the discovery of
truth, vi. 487.

VOL. VIII.

is rendered tributary to Persia,