much per square yard, and may vary from 7s. to 8s. for deal, and from 11s. to 13s. for Australian hard wood laid on existing foundations. These prices are further influenced by the method adopted in laying the paving, width of joint, and the description of material used, as may be gathered from Table LII. A very complete and interesting summary of statistics of actual cost relative to hard wood paving laid in the Lambeth district is given by Mr. Norrington,* which also gives the area paved and date when laid in different thoroughfares, Table LI. * "Hard Wood Paving," by J. P. Norrington, A.M.I.C.E., Vestry Surveyor, Lambeth, London, Proc. Assoc. of Municipal and County Engineers, vol. xxii. This includes cost of relaying footpaths, etc. 12. Bradford, 13. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 14. Leicester, 15. Bolton, 16. Dundee, 17. Aberdeen, 18. Birkenhead, 19. Southampton, 10s. to 12s. hard, 7s. 6d. to 9s. soft on old 13s. 6d. including foundation. 11s. hard, 9s. soft on old foundation. 12s. 6d. to 16s. including foundation. 13s. 6d. to 18s 14s. to 158. 11s. on old foundations. 11s. 6d. (Not any.) 17s. 6d. hard, 11s. soft, including foun- 178. hard, including foundation. 15s. 6d. including foundation. 13s. " P. c. concrete 6 in. deep, 3x5x9, P. c. concrete 6 in. deep, 3x5x9, J. P. c. concrete 6 in. deep, 5 in. deep, J. 6 J. and Y. D. 17s. 6d. hard, 12s. 6d. soft, including P. c. concrete 6 in. deep, 3×5×9, foundation. REFERENCE TABLE AS TO DIFFERENT B. Beech. J. Jarrah. K. Karri. O. Oak. P. P. Pitch Pine. This table is compiled from different sources, chiefly from Articles KINDS OF WOOD EMPLOYED. R. W. Red Wood. T. Tallow Wood. Y. D. Yellow Deal. in The Municipal Engineer and Surveyor, by Mr. H. Richardson (1899). The particulars given in Table LII. show in a comprehensive manner the class of wood used and the method adopted in forming the joints in laying wood pavements in the principal cities and towns in the kingdom, with the cost and amount of annual repairs and the life of the paving blocks so far as can be obtained. The towns are arranged according to the population. 482. From the figures given in the preceding table it appears that the average life of soft wood paving in the busiest thoroughfares in London is about 6 years, and for Australian hard woods, which are not worn out yet, it is estimated at ten years. The cost of paving, assuming the existing foundations to be sufficient, is 8s. for deal, and 11s. for Australian hard woods per square yard. The annual expenditure for repairs during the lifetime of the pavement must necessarily be a variable item, although it must obviously be less for hard wood paving, but in the following calculation it may be assumed to be the same in order to allow of comparisons. The relative wear and annual cost of pavements, taking the life or service of soft wood at seven years, and Western Australian hard woods at twelve years, exclusive of annual repairs and cleansing, will therefore be as follows. This clearly shows a saving in favour of hard woods, and that economy may be effected by paying a higher price for a more durable material, as also that a hard wood pavement with twelve years' life, estimated by wear, is equivalent to a soft wood pavement having seven years' service. Table LIII. gives the total expenditure and amount of the average annual payments on the first cost of the work, but exclusive of foundations, repairs, and cleansing, for soft and hard wood pavements on a carriageway 1 mile long and 40 feet wide. If the repairs and cleansing be taken into account there can be no doubt as to there being a further considerable annual saving in the case of hard wood, and although the first cost is greater, hard wood pavements are less expensive in the long run, particularly where vehicular traffic is heavy. In addition to this there is a considerable advantage, especially in busy carriageways, of the thoroughfare being less frequently closed for renewals, which is a matter of great importance to business people, shopkeepers and others. |